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Cēsis

January 16, 2023

"Cesis" redirects here. For other uses, see Cesis (disambiguation).
"Kieś" redirects here. For other uses, see Kies.

Cēsis (Latvian pronunciation: [tseːsis] (listen)), (German: Wenden, Livonian: Venden, Estonian: Võnnu, Polish: Kieś) is a town in Latvia located in the northern part of the Central Vidzeme Upland. Cēsis is on the Gauja River valley, and is built on a series of ridges above the river overlooking the woods below. Cēsis was one of the candidate cities for the title of European Capital of Culture 2014[3] (Riga was the Latvian city that won the title).

Cēsis
Town
Cēsis skyline
Flag
Coat of arms
Cēsis
Location in Latvia
Coordinates: 57°19′N 25°16′E / 57.317°N 25.267°E / 57.317; 25.267Coordinates: 57°19′N 25°16′E / 57.317°N 25.267°E / 57.317; 25.267
Country Latvia
MunicipalityCēsis Municipality
Town rights1206
Government
 • MayorJānis Rozenbergs
Area
[1]
 • Total19.27 km2 (7.44 sq mi)
 • Land18.71 km2 (7.22 sq mi)
 • Water0.56 km2 (0.22 sq mi)
Elevation
119 m (390 ft)
Population
 (2022)[2]
 • Total14,766
 • Density770/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
LV-410(1-3)
Calling code+371 641
Number of city council members11
Websitewww.cesis.lv/en/

Castle

Main article: Cēsis Castle
 
Ruins of the Cēsis Castle

The oldest settlement in Cēsis is the hillfort on Riekstu hill, a fortified wooden castle built by a tribe known as the Vends. The 18-metre-high (59.06 ft) mound with its partly preserved fortification system can still be seen in the Castle Park. This settlement was located near major trade routes from west to east and dominated the regional countryside.

German crusaders known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword began construction of a castle Wenden near the hill fort in 1209. When the castle was enlarged and fortified, it served as the residence for the Order's Master. In 1577, during the Livonian War, the garrison destroyed the castle to prevent it from falling into the control of Ivan the Terrible, who was decisively defeated in the Battle of Wenden (1578).[4] In 1598 it was incorporated into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Wenden Voivodeship was created. In 1620 Wenden was conquered by Sweden. It was rebuilt afterwards, but destroyed again in 1703 during the Great Northern War by the Russian army and left in a ruined state. From the end of the 16th century, the premises of the Order's castle were adapted to the requirements of the Cēsis castle estate. When in 1777 the Cēsis castle estate was obtained by Count Sievers, he had his new residence house built on the site of the Eastern Block of the castle, joining its end wall with the fortification tower. Since 1949, the Cēsis History Museum has been located in the New Castle on the Cēsis Castle estate. The front yard of the New Castle is enclosed by a granary and a stable-coach house, which now houses the Exhibition Hall of the Museum. Beside the granary there is the oldest brewery in Latvia—Cēsu Alus, which was built in 1878 during the latter years of Count Sievers' residency, but its origins date back to the period of the Livonian Order.

Further on is the Cēsis castle park, which was laid out in 1812. The park has the romantic characteristic of that time, with its foot-paths, exotic plants, and the waters of the pond reflecting the castle's ruins.

The town

 
View of Cēsis in 1793

The planning of the town of Cēsis was done in the second half of the 13th century. The market place with a church was in the centre of the town. The centre of housing was the stone castle of the Livonian Order with its three fortified towers. The town was also encircled by a dolomite stone wall with eight towers and five gates. Buildings from the Middle Ages include St. John's Church (built 1281–1284), the ruins of the Order's castle, Cēsis Castle and fortification walls, fragments of which can still be seen at Vaļņu iela and Palasta iela. In addition, ancient road networks and building plots have survived from medieval times, although many of the buildings themselves have been ruined (the last destroyed in 1748). 18th century buildings can be seen at 16 and 25 Rīgas iela, while houses built in the first part of the 19th century are at 15 and 47 Rīgas iela, 6 Gaujas iela, and other streets.

Cēsis was occupied by the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus in 1621 during the Polish–Swedish War.

In the second half of the 19th century, the construction of the Rīga-Pskov highway (1868) and the Rīga-Valka railway line (1889) accelerated the development of the town. Raunas iela, leading from the railway station to the Old Town, was developed as a wide, presentable street with the Latvian Society House at 10 Raunas iela (architect Augusts Malvess), the Building of the Regional Court at 14 Raunas iela (architect P. Mengelis), and other important buildings.

The Battle of Cēsis in June 1919, when Estonian and Latvian forces defeated the Germans, was one of the decisive battles in the Latvian War of Independence.

Cēsis was also developed as a health resort. Upmarket summer houses and health centres were built in the vicinity of the Gauja. 'Cīrulīši' near the Svētavots (Holy Spring) Cave is the most remarkable of them, with a spring believed to possess healing powers.

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Cēsis

Twin towns—sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Latvia

Cēsis is twinned with:[5]

Gallery

  •  

    Saint John the Baptist Lutheran church in Cēsis

  •  

    Rauna Gate

  •  

    Cēsis Transfiguration of Christ Orthodox Church

  •  

    Cēsis Old Town Hall

  •  

    The Victory monument in Union square in Cēsis

  •  
  •  

    Square of Roses

  •  

    City centre at night

  •  

    Riga's Street (Rīgas Iela)

  •  

    Cēsis Clinic (Cēsu klīnika)

References

  1. ^ "Reģionu, novadu, pilsētu un pagastu kopējā un sauszemes platība gada sākumā". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  2. ^ "Pilsētu (blīvi apdzīvotu) un lauku (reti apdzīvotu) teritoriju iedzīvotāju skaits reģionos, pilsētās, novados un pagastos (pēc administratīvi teritoriālās reformas 2021. gadā) – Teritoriālā vienība, Laika periods un Rādītāji". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  3. ^ "Cēsis - the candidate city of European Capital of Culture 2014". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011.
  4. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wenden" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 518.
  5. ^ "Cēsu novada starptautiskā sadarbība". cesis.lv (in Latvian). Cēsis. Retrieved 2019-08-31.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cēsis.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cesis.

January 16, 2023
cēsis, cesis, redirects, here, other, uses, cesis, disambiguation, kieś, redirects, here, other, uses, kies, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, mater. Cesis redirects here For other uses see Cesis disambiguation Kies redirects here For other uses see Kies This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Cesis news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message Cesis Latvian pronunciation tseːsis listen German Wenden Livonian Venden Estonian Vonnu Polish Kies is a town in Latvia located in the northern part of the Central Vidzeme Upland Cesis is on the Gauja River valley and is built on a series of ridges above the river overlooking the woods below Cesis was one of the candidate cities for the title of European Capital of Culture 2014 3 Riga was the Latvian city that won the title CesisTownCesis skylineFlagCoat of armsCesisLocation in LatviaCoordinates 57 19 N 25 16 E 57 317 N 25 267 E 57 317 25 267 Coordinates 57 19 N 25 16 E 57 317 N 25 267 E 57 317 25 267Country LatviaMunicipalityCesis MunicipalityTown rights1206Government MayorJanis RozenbergsArea 1 Total19 27 km2 7 44 sq mi Land18 71 km2 7 22 sq mi Water0 56 km2 0 22 sq mi Elevation119 m 390 ft Population 2022 2 Total14 766 Density770 km2 2 000 sq mi Time zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST UTC 3 EEST Postal codeLV 410 1 3 Calling code 371 641Number of city council members11Websitewww wbr cesis wbr lv wbr en wbr Contents 1 Castle 2 The town 3 Notable people 4 Twin towns sister cities 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External linksCastle EditMain article Cesis Castle Ruins of the Cesis Castle The oldest settlement in Cesis is the hillfort on Riekstu hill a fortified wooden castle built by a tribe known as the Vends The 18 metre high 59 06 ft mound with its partly preserved fortification system can still be seen in the Castle Park This settlement was located near major trade routes from west to east and dominated the regional countryside German crusaders known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword began construction of a castle Wenden near the hill fort in 1209 When the castle was enlarged and fortified it served as the residence for the Order s Master In 1577 during the Livonian War the garrison destroyed the castle to prevent it from falling into the control of Ivan the Terrible who was decisively defeated in the Battle of Wenden 1578 4 In 1598 it was incorporated into the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Wenden Voivodeship was created In 1620 Wenden was conquered by Sweden It was rebuilt afterwards but destroyed again in 1703 during the Great Northern War by the Russian army and left in a ruined state From the end of the 16th century the premises of the Order s castle were adapted to the requirements of the Cesis castle estate When in 1777 the Cesis castle estate was obtained by Count Sievers he had his new residence house built on the site of the Eastern Block of the castle joining its end wall with the fortification tower Since 1949 the Cesis History Museum has been located in the New Castle on the Cesis Castle estate The front yard of the New Castle is enclosed by a granary and a stable coach house which now houses the Exhibition Hall of the Museum Beside the granary there is the oldest brewery in Latvia Cesu Alus which was built in 1878 during the latter years of Count Sievers residency but its origins date back to the period of the Livonian Order Further on is the Cesis castle park which was laid out in 1812 The park has the romantic characteristic of that time with its foot paths exotic plants and the waters of the pond reflecting the castle s ruins The town Edit View of Cesis in 1793 The planning of the town of Cesis was done in the second half of the 13th century The market place with a church was in the centre of the town The centre of housing was the stone castle of the Livonian Order with its three fortified towers The town was also encircled by a dolomite stone wall with eight towers and five gates Buildings from the Middle Ages include St John s Church built 1281 1284 the ruins of the Order s castle Cesis Castle and fortification walls fragments of which can still be seen at Valnu iela and Palasta iela In addition ancient road networks and building plots have survived from medieval times although many of the buildings themselves have been ruined the last destroyed in 1748 18th century buildings can be seen at 16 and 25 Rigas iela while houses built in the first part of the 19th century are at 15 and 47 Rigas iela 6 Gaujas iela and other streets Cesis was occupied by the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus in 1621 during the Polish Swedish War In the second half of the 19th century the construction of the Riga Pskov highway 1868 and the Riga Valka railway line 1889 accelerated the development of the town Raunas iela leading from the railway station to the Old Town was developed as a wide presentable street with the Latvian Society House at 10 Raunas iela architect Augusts Malvess the Building of the Regional Court at 14 Raunas iela architect P Mengelis and other important buildings The Battle of Cesis in June 1919 when Estonian and Latvian forces defeated the Germans was one of the decisive battles in the Latvian War of Independence Cesis was also developed as a health resort Upmarket summer houses and health centres were built in the vicinity of the Gauja Cirulisi near the Svetavots Holy Spring Cave is the most remarkable of them with a spring believed to possess healing powers Notable people EditSee also Category People from Cesis Johann Graf von Sievers 1778 1827 Russian general Emanuel Count von Sievers 1817 1909 Russian Senator Heinrich Leonhard Adolphi 1852 1918 German Baltic pastor and chess composer Evangelical Lutheran martyr Alfreds Kalnins 1879 1951 composer Eduard Erdmann 1896 1958 German pianist and composer Max Hildebert Boehm 1891 1968 sociologist Adolf Ruutel 1906 1981 Estonian national football player Wilhelm Theodor Georg Lenz 1906 1976 historian Nina Vatatsy 1908 1997 bibliographer Anita Stukane born 1954 long jumper Laima Vaikule born 1954 singer Edvins kengis born 1959 chess player Ingrida Amantova born 1960 luger Gerda Krumina born 1984 biathlete Baiba Bendika born 1991 biathlete Rodions Kurucs born 1998 basketball playerTwin towns sister cities EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Latvia Cesis is twinned with 5 Achim Germany Baku Azerbaijan Gatchinsky District Russia Konstancin Jeziorna Poland Rakvere Estonia Rokiskis Lithuania Tyreso Sweden Venafro Italy Zhovkva UkraineGallery Edit Saint John the Baptist Lutheran church in Cesis Rauna Gate Cesis Transfiguration of Christ Orthodox Church Cesis Old Town Hall The Victory monument in Union square in Cesis Square of Roses City centre at night Riga s Street Rigas Iela Cesis Clinic Cesu klinika References Edit Regionu novadu pilsetu un pagastu kopeja un sauszemes platiba gada sakuma Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia Retrieved 30 December 2022 Pilsetu blivi apdzivotu un lauku reti apdzivotu teritoriju iedzivotaju skaits regionos pilsetas novados un pagastos pec administrativi teritorialas reformas 2021 gada Teritoriala vieniba Laika periods un Raditaji Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia Retrieved 22 December 2022 Cesis the candidate city of European Capital of Culture 2014 Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Wenden Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 518 Cesu novada starptautiska sadarbiba cesis lv in Latvian Cesis Retrieved 2019 08 31 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cesis Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cesis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cesis amp oldid 1092897409, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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