L'Hoest's monkey (Allochrocebus lhoesti) or mountain monkey, is a guenon found in the upper eastern Congo basin. They mostly live in mountainous forest areas in small, female-dominated groups. They have a dark coat and can be distinguished by a characteristic white beard.
It was Philip Lutley Sclater who originally gave the specific name Cercopithecus lhoesti in honor of Michel L'Hoest, director of the Antwerp Zoo, in 1898.[3]
L'Hoest's monkey is currently classified as a member of the genus Allochrocebus.[4][5] Formerly, L'Hoest's monkey included the taxonpreussi from the Gulf of Guinea region as a subspecies,[6] but it is now considered a separate species, Preuss's monkey (A. preussi).
L'Hoest's monkey was formerly included in the genus Cercopithecus.[1] Molecular studies published by Anthony Tosi in 2003 had raised doubts about the classification of L'Hoest's monkey as a member of the genus Cercopithecus. The studies indicated that L'Hoest's monkey (along with the others in its species group) is more closely related to the vervet monkeys of the genus Chlorocebus and the patas monkey (genus Erythrocebus) than to the other guenons of the genus Cercopithecus.[7][8]
Physical characteristics
C. lhoesti has a short, dark brown coat, with a chestnut color across the back and a dark belly. Its cheeks are light gray with a pale moustache. It has a characteristic and prominent white bib,[9] In body length it is 12.5 to 27 inches (32 to 69 cm), with a 19-to-39-inch (48 to 99 cm) tail.[10] The male weighs about 6 kilograms (13 lb), while the smaller female weighs 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lb). Its tail is long and hook-shaped at the end.[11] They are born fully coated and with their eyes open.[10]
Habitat and distribution
L'Hoest's monkey occurs in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and western Uganda.[12] It is a forest monkey, which is typical of the moist and high primary forests. It will occupy a range of different kinds of forested areas, including gallery forest, mature lowland rain forests, wooded savanna at mountain slopes, and forest borders. However, it also will live on cultivated lands. In lowland forests it shows a preference toward areas where the forest is regenerating, while in mountain areas it will frequent the mature, tangled, undergrowth below the broken canopy. One study found this population only above 900 metres (3,000 ft) but another found it as low as 610 metres (2,000 ft). Another mostly observed it from 1,500 to 2,500 metres (4,900 to 8,200 ft).[13]
Behavior
C. lhoesti lives in fairly small groups dominated by females and have only a single male. The females are usually related, while the male stays only a couple of weeks or at most a couple of years. The adult male will make very loud and distinct calls.[11] They are active during the day, mostly during early morning and late afternoon. They sleep in trees in a sitting position, usually either holding branches or each other. When they are alarmed or see they are being observed they will flee and take shelter in trees, and after become very still.[10][14] They are mostly terrestrial.[6]
Reproduction
L'Hoest's monkey breeds seasonally, with the timing depending on the area. After about a five-month gestation period, a single young will be born. The mother gives birth typically at night and where ever she happens to be at the time. Birth usually occurs at the end of the dry season, which allows lactation when rainfall is highest.[10] She will eat the placenta and lick the baby clean while it hangs on to her belly. The other females in the group will show much interest in the newborn and will try to hold it. After a few months nursing becomes less frequent, but will continue for about two years when there is another birth. When male offspring reach sexual maturity they will leave the group.[11] In captivity they have been known to live for more than 30 years.[15]
Diet
In the wild L'Hoest's monkey is primarily a herbivore, which will mostly eat fruit, mushrooms, herbs,[16] roots, and leaves. However, it will also occasionally eat eggs, lizards, and small birds.[10]
References
^ abGroves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 157. ISBN0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^Ukizintambara, T.; Olupot, W.; Hart, J. (2019). "Allochrocebus lhoesti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4220A92345122. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4220A92345122.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^Sclater, P.L. 1898. Reports on the additions to the society's menagerie in June, July, August, September and October 1898 (Plate XLVIII). Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 585-586. (texte intégral)
^ abTappen, N. C. (1960). Problems of Distribution and Adaptation of the African Monkeys. The University of Chicago Press. p. 98.
^Groves, C. (2006). "Taxonomy and Biogeography of the Primates of Western Uganda". In Newton-Fisher, N.; Notman, H.; Paterson, J.; Reynolds, V. (eds.). Primates of Western Uganda (Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects). New York, NY: Springer. p. 7. ISBN978-0-387-32342-8.
^Xing J, Wang H, Zhang Y, et al. (2007). "A mobile element-based evolutionary history of guenons (tribe Cercopithecini)". BMC Biol. 5: 5. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-5. PMC1797000. PMID 17266768.
^Estes, Richard Despard (1992-12-01). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. University of California Press. p. 660. ISBN0-520-08085-8.
^ abcde. Oregon Zoo. Archived from the original on 2006-05-13. Retrieved 2006-09-07.
^Wilson, Don E.; Reede, DeeAnn M. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. JHU Press. p. 156. ISBN0-8018-8221-4.
^Wolfheim, Jaclyn H (1983-08-26). Primates of the World: Distribution, Abundance and Conservation. Routledge (UK). pp. 392–3. ISBN3-7186-0190-7.
^Setchell, Joanna M; Curtis, Deborah J (2003-09-18). Field and Laboratory Methods in Primatology. Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN0-521-52628-0.
^. Edinburgh Zoo. Archived from the original on 2006-09-25. Retrieved 2006-09-07.
^Moore, Susan A; David, Newsome; Dowlinggrains, Ross Kingston (2002-02-01). Natural Area Tourism. Channel View Publications. p. 39. ISBN1-873150-24-5.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cercopithecus lhoesti.
Wikispecies has information related to L'Hoest's monkey.
ARKive -
January 25, 2023
hoest, monkey, allochrocebus, lhoesti, mountain, monkey, guenon, found, upper, eastern, congo, basin, they, mostly, live, mountainous, forest, areas, small, female, dominated, groups, they, have, dark, coat, distinguished, characteristic, white, beard, bwindi,. L Hoest s monkey Allochrocebus lhoesti or mountain monkey is a guenon found in the upper eastern Congo basin They mostly live in mountainous forest areas in small female dominated groups They have a dark coat and can be distinguished by a characteristic white beard L Hoest s monkey 1 At the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest UgandaConservation statusVulnerable IUCN 3 1 2 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder PrimatesSuborder HaplorhiniInfraorder SimiiformesFamily CercopithecidaeGenus AllochrocebusSpecies A lhoestiBinomial nameAllochrocebus lhoestiP Sclater 1899Geographic distributionfeeding Bwindi Impenetrable Forest Uganda Colchester Zoo England Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Physical characteristics 3 Habitat and distribution 4 Behavior 4 1 Reproduction 4 2 Diet 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy EditIt was Philip Lutley Sclater who originally gave the specific name Cercopithecus lhoesti in honor of Michel L Hoest director of the Antwerp Zoo in 1898 3 L Hoest s monkey is currently classified as a member of the genus Allochrocebus 4 5 Formerly L Hoest s monkey included the taxon preussi from the Gulf of Guinea region as a subspecies 6 but it is now considered a separate species Preuss s monkey A preussi L Hoest s monkey was formerly included in the genus Cercopithecus 1 Molecular studies published by Anthony Tosi in 2003 had raised doubts about the classification of L Hoest s monkey as a member of the genus Cercopithecus The studies indicated that L Hoest s monkey along with the others in its species group is more closely related to the vervet monkeys of the genus Chlorocebus and the patas monkey genus Erythrocebus than to the other guenons of the genus Cercopithecus 7 8 Physical characteristics EditC lhoesti has a short dark brown coat with a chestnut color across the back and a dark belly Its cheeks are light gray with a pale moustache It has a characteristic and prominent white bib 9 In body length it is 12 5 to 27 inches 32 to 69 cm with a 19 to 39 inch 48 to 99 cm tail 10 The male weighs about 6 kilograms 13 lb while the smaller female weighs 3 5 kilograms 7 7 lb Its tail is long and hook shaped at the end 11 They are born fully coated and with their eyes open 10 Habitat and distribution EditL Hoest s monkey occurs in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Rwanda Burundi and western Uganda 12 It is a forest monkey which is typical of the moist and high primary forests It will occupy a range of different kinds of forested areas including gallery forest mature lowland rain forests wooded savanna at mountain slopes and forest borders However it also will live on cultivated lands In lowland forests it shows a preference toward areas where the forest is regenerating while in mountain areas it will frequent the mature tangled undergrowth below the broken canopy One study found this population only above 900 metres 3 000 ft but another found it as low as 610 metres 2 000 ft Another mostly observed it from 1 500 to 2 500 metres 4 900 to 8 200 ft 13 Behavior EditC lhoesti lives in fairly small groups dominated by females and have only a single male The females are usually related while the male stays only a couple of weeks or at most a couple of years The adult male will make very loud and distinct calls 11 They are active during the day mostly during early morning and late afternoon They sleep in trees in a sitting position usually either holding branches or each other When they are alarmed or see they are being observed they will flee and take shelter in trees and after become very still 10 14 They are mostly terrestrial 6 Reproduction Edit L Hoest s monkey breeds seasonally with the timing depending on the area After about a five month gestation period a single young will be born The mother gives birth typically at night and where ever she happens to be at the time Birth usually occurs at the end of the dry season which allows lactation when rainfall is highest 10 She will eat the placenta and lick the baby clean while it hangs on to her belly The other females in the group will show much interest in the newborn and will try to hold it After a few months nursing becomes less frequent but will continue for about two years when there is another birth When male offspring reach sexual maturity they will leave the group 11 In captivity they have been known to live for more than 30 years 15 Diet Edit In the wild L Hoest s monkey is primarily a herbivore which will mostly eat fruit mushrooms herbs 16 roots and leaves However it will also occasionally eat eggs lizards and small birds 10 References Edit a b Groves C P 2005 Wilson D E Reeder D M eds Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press p 157 ISBN 0 801 88221 4 OCLC 62265494 Ukizintambara T Olupot W Hart J 2019 Allochrocebus lhoesti IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T4220A92345122 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 3 RLTS T4220A92345122 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 Sclater P L 1898 Reports on the additions to the society s menagerie in June July August September and October 1898 Plate XLVIII Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London 585 586 texte integral Allochrocebus ITIS Retrieved 2019 07 18 Allochrocebus Mammal Diversity Database Retrieved 2019 07 18 a b Tappen N C 1960 Problems of Distribution and Adaptation of the African Monkeys The University of Chicago Press p 98 Groves C 2006 Taxonomy and Biogeography of the Primates of Western Uganda In Newton Fisher N Notman H Paterson J Reynolds V eds Primates of Western Uganda Developments in Primatology Progress and Prospects New York NY Springer p 7 ISBN 978 0 387 32342 8 Xing J Wang H Zhang Y et al 2007 A mobile element based evolutionary history of guenons tribe Cercopithecini BMC Biol 5 5 doi 10 1186 1741 7007 5 5 PMC 1797000 PMID 17266768 Estes Richard Despard 1992 12 01 The Behavior Guide to African Mammals University of California Press p 660 ISBN 0 520 08085 8 a b c d e L Hoest s Monkey Oregon Zoo Archived from the original on 2006 05 13 Retrieved 2006 09 07 a b c L Hoest s monkey Cercopithecus lhoesti BBC Science amp Nature Animals Retrieved 2006 09 07 Wilson Don E Reede DeeAnn M 2005 Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference JHU Press p 156 ISBN 0 8018 8221 4 Wolfheim Jaclyn H 1983 08 26 Primates of the World Distribution Abundance and Conservation Routledge UK pp 392 3 ISBN 3 7186 0190 7 Setchell Joanna M Curtis Deborah J 2003 09 18 Field and Laboratory Methods in Primatology Cambridge University Press p 34 ISBN 0 521 52628 0 l Hoest s monkey Edinburgh Zoo Archived from the original on 2006 09 25 Retrieved 2006 09 07 Moore Susan A David Newsome Dowlinggrains Ross Kingston 2002 02 01 Natural Area Tourism Channel View Publications p 39 ISBN 1 873150 24 5 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cercopithecus lhoesti Wikispecies has information related to L Hoest s monkey ARKive images and movies of L Hoest s guenon Cercopithecus lhoesti Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title L 27Hoest 27s monkey amp oldid 1111161157, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
