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Catholic hamartiology

December 07, 2023

Catholic hamartiology is a branch of Roman Catholicism that studies sin. According to the Catholic Church, sin is an "utterance, deed, or desire,"[1] caused by concupiscence,[2] that offends God, reason, truth, and conscience.[3] The church believes sin is the greatest evil and has the worst consequences for the sinner (original sin and damnation), the world (human misery and environmental destruction), and the Roman Catholic Church itself (Passion of Jesus and wounds to the church's unity).[4] Based on the Bible, the Roman Catholic Church distinguishes between two kinds of sins: mortal sin and venial sin.[5] The Roman Catholic Church also distinguishes between the state of being in original sin and the commission of actual sin.[6]

Hieronymus Bosch's The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things

Official teaching edit

Reality of sin edit

The reality of sin is one of the arguments of divine revelation, e.g., sin is present in history[7] and divine revelation sheds light on it.[8]

Nature of sin edit

Sin is an "utterance, deed, or desire" that offends God, reason, truth, and conscience. It is caused by concupiscence. Sin is the greatest evil and has the worst consequences for the sinner, the world, and the church.[9]

Misunderstanding of sin edit

Without divine revelation, sin can be misconstrued as "a developmental flaw, a psychological weakness, a mistake, or the necessary consequence of an inadequate social structure, etc."[10]

God permits, but does not will, evil edit

God, in his goodness, only wills good.[11] He permits evil for the sake of a greater good.[12]

Paschal mystery edit

This is evidenced by the Paschal mystery: God permitted his Son to suffer and die for the sake of mankind's redemption.[13]

Who can sin? edit

Angels and humans are capable of committing sin because, unlike every other creature, they have free-will.[14]

No double predestination edit

No creature is predestined to commit sin or go to hell.[15]

Fall of angels and humans edit

The angels and first humans underwent a test of love of God at the beginning of time; some angels sinned and became demons, then tempted the first humans to sin as well.[16]

Creation of hell edit

By falling from heaven, demons gave rise to the existence of hell.[17]

Demons are tempters edit

Out of envy, demons tempt humans to commit sin.[18]

All sinners are to blame for the Passion of Jesus edit

Every human who sins is an author and minister of the Passion of Jesus.[19]

Reign of sin edit

The reign or regime of sin in the world is not arbitrary or a conspiracy; rather, it is each person's struggle against his or her own concupiscence.[20]

Disorder of sin edit

The regime of sin causes disorder, which can be "more or less overcome according to the circumstances of cultures, eras, and individuals."[21]

Defeat of and end to sin edit

Sin's reign is temporary, beginning with the fall of the angels and ending in definitive defeat with the crucifixion of Jesus.[22] Every human can share in Jesus' eternal reign on the wood of the cross via the sacraments.[23] At the end of the world, sin will no longer exist nor be possible ever again, because Jesus' eternal reign will then be absolute:[24] he will be everything to everyone,[25] i.e., fulfill everyone's every desire.[26]

Actual sin edit

Actual sin is the commitment of a sin. The first actual sin in history caused humanity to lose the state of original holiness, which included sanctifying grace.

State of original sin edit

After the fall, every human - apart from the Immaculate Conception - is now conceived in the state of original sin.[27]

Kinds of actual sin edit

There are two types of actual sin: mortal and venial.[28]

Mortal sin edit

Mortal sin is a deliberate sin of grave matter, such as murder.[29]

Eternal punishment edit

Mortal sin entails eternal punishment since it destroys sanctifying grace.[30]

Grave matter according to the Decalogue edit

The church does not have a full list of every possible sin. However, the Catechism of the Catholic Church does list certain offenses against the Ten Commandments that constitute grave matter.[31] They include:

  • 1st Commandment: superstition, idolatry, polytheism, divination, magic or sorcery, irreligion, atheism, tempting God, sacrilege, simony, heresy, schism, apostasy[32]
  • 2nd Commandment: abuse of God's name, magical use of God's name, committing sin or crime in the name of God, blasphemy, false promises, false oaths, perjury, insult[33]
  • 3rd Commandment: skipping Mass without grave reason (sickness, giving birth, etc.), impeding the worship of God, hindering the observation of Sunday, unnecessary demands[34]
  • 4th Commandment: the state of refusing to assist and protect the family, violation of human rights, disobedience to parents or authority, ingratitude to the church, refusal to disobey evil, negligence of children[35]
  • 5th Commandment: deliberate destruction of human life, deliberate killing of the innocent, capital punishment, intentional homicide, direct abortion, direct euthanasia, suicide, scandal, cult of the body, every kind of excess (drug abuse, overeating, etc.), inhumane scientific experiments, inhumane research, kidnapping, hostage taking, terrorism, torture, non-therapeutic and medical sterilization, non-therapeutic and medical amputation, non-therapeutic and medical mutilation, disrespect to the dead, unjust war, war crimes, unregulated production or sale of arms, arms race, economic or social inequality[36]
  • 6th Commandment: lust, masturbation, fornication, pornography, prostitution, rape, sodomy, homosexual acts, marital infidelity, domestic violence, artificial conception, adultery, divorce, polygamy, incest, child abuse, free union, concubinage, cohabitation, trial marriage[37]
  • 7th Commandment: theft, fraud, unjust wages, deliberate retention of lent goods, deliberate retention of lost objects, forcing up prices, unjust contracts, violation of a just contract, refusal to make reparations for injustice, unfair gambling, slavery, disrespect to animals, disrespect to environment, rich nations refusing to help the less fortunate, lay faithful refusing to directly intervene in politics, refusal to aid the poor or needy, human misery (material deprivation, unjust oppression, etc.)[38]
  • 8th Commandment: lying, rash judgment, detraction, calumny, satirical caricature, participation in sin, bragging or boasting, violation of professional secrets, violation of the sacramental seal, violation of privacy, iconoclasm[39]
  • 9th Commandment: evil intentions, complicity in impure thoughts, immodesty, moral permissiveness[40]
  • 10th Commandment: greed, envy, desire to amass goods without limit, desire to acquire someone else's property through unjust means, refusal to practice charity[41]
Sins that cry to heaven for justice edit

There are five mortal sins that cry to heaven for justice: the blood of Abel, the sin of the Sodomites, the cry of the Jews oppressed in Egypt, injustice to the wage earner, and the cry of the foreigner, widow, and orphan.[42]

Diminishment of guilt edit

Feelings, passions, pathological desires (such as the psychological wounds of child abuse), or external pressures (such as the threat of death) can diminish the voluntary and free character of a mortal sin. Unintentional ignorance, such as not knowing the gospel, can diminish or even remove the imputability of a mortal sin.[43]

Gravest of sins edit

Sins committing through malice - or deliberate choice of evil - is the gravest.[44]

Unforgivable sin edit

The eternal sin - blasphemy against the Holy Spirit - is the mortal sin of final impenitence, e.g., dying unrepentant, which cannot be forgiven precisely because the sinner refuses to accept forgiveness.[45]

Venial Sin edit

Venial sin is a deliberate sin of non-grave matter, such as a white lie, or an accidental sin of grave matter, such as an accidental killing.[46]

Temporary punishment edit

Venial sin entails temporary punishment since it weakens the theological virtue of charity.[47]

Habital sin edit

A vice is when one is in the habit of committing sin. It opposes virtue.

Seven capital vices edit

There are seven capital vices, commonly mistakenly referred to as the seven deadly sins. They are called "capital vices" because these vices engender sin: pride, avarice, envy, wrath, lust, gluttony, and acedia.[48]

Discrimination edit

The catechism condemns "[e]every form of social or cultural discrimination in fundamental personal rights on the grounds of sex, race, color, social conditions, language, or religion."[49]

Ordination of women edit

The church does not see its inability to ordain women as discrimination on the grounds of sex, since Jesus himself only ordained men[50] and since there is no right to holy orders.[51]

Sins of the church edit

Pope John Paul II made many apologies for the church's sins - including against women, Jews, victims of the Inquisition, and Muslims - throughout its history.[52] Pope Benedict XVI apologized for the clerical sex abuse scandal.[53]

Participation in sin edit

Participating in another's sin is grave matter according to the Eighth Commandment. One participates in sin by flattery, adulation, or complaisance;[54] by taking part in the sin; by ordering, advising, or approving of sin; by not disclosing or hindering sin; or by protecting evildoers.[55]

Forgiveness of sin edit

Only God forgives sins[56] because forgiving sins is the height of omnipotence[57] and forgiveness is the greatest of God's deeds.[58]

Everyone can be forgiven edit

God is not bound by spacetime or the church, so those who have no access to the sacraments can still receive divine mercy.[59]

Repentance edit

The only prerequisite for forgiveness is contrition[60] (also called repentance[61]), however this does not include original sin.[62] While necessary for forgiveness, repentance is nonetheless impossible after death.[63]

Sacraments edit

The sacrament of baptism forgives all sins and original sin and grants sanctifying grace,[64] the sacrament of confession forgives all sins and restores sanctifying grace,[65] and the sacrament of the Eucharist forgives all venial sins and augments sanctifying grace.[66]

Repentance outside confession edit

Perfect contrition outside confession grants forgiveness of all sins, so long as one resolves to go to confession as soon as possible[67] - or would have, had one not been ignorant of Jesus and his church.[68]

God listens to the contrite edit

God hears the prayers of and is close to the contrite,[69] and the church holds sinners to her bosom.[70]

Indulgences edit

While the souls of Purgatory are undergoing temporary punishment for their sins, Catholics can remit their punishment by obtaining indulgences for them.[71]

Impeccability edit

Impeccability - to be holy or sinless - is an attribute of God, since he is absolutely perfect.[72] Impeccability is partially shared in by Christians, because they partake of God's nature,[73] and completely shared in by the angels and saints, because they experience the beatific vision.[74]

Heresy edit

These beliefs are condemned by the Catholic Church as heresies.

Good and evil are equal and matter is evil edit

Manichaeism is the belief that good and evil are equal forces and that matter is evil.[75]

Sinners don't belong to the church edit

Donatism is the belief that sinners shouldn't be reconciled to the church, since only saints belong to the church.[76]

Christians are free from all authority edit

Messalians believe that Christians can do whatever they want.[77]

Divine grace unnecessary for choosing good over evil edit

Pelagianism is the belief that humans can choose good over evil without divine grace.[78]

Imperfect contrition is ineffective edit

Jansenism is the belief that imperfect contrition is insufficient for a Christian receiving the Eucharist.[79]

Unofficial teachings edit

Damnation of Judas Iscariot edit

It is commonly believed that Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus before repenting of betrayal and committing suicide, is in hell, since the Bible calls him a "son of perdition."[80] Regarding Judas' suicide, Pope Benedict XVI taught that "it is not up to us to judge his gesture, substituting ourselves for the infinitely merciful and just God."[81]

Seven capital virtues edit

The seven capital virtues are virtues that are said to oppose the seven capital vices. They include: humility, charity, kindness, patience, chastity, temperance, and diligence.[82]

References edit

  1. ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) 1849
  2. ^ CCC 1849
  3. ^ CCC 1849
  4. ^ CCC 1488
  5. ^ CCC 1854
  6. ^ CCC 405
  7. ^ CCC 386
  8. ^ CCC 387
  9. ^ CCC 387
  10. ^ CCC 387
  11. ^ CCC 294
  12. ^ CCC 312
  13. ^ CCC 312
  14. ^ CCC 391
  15. ^ CCC 1037
  16. ^ CCC 391
  17. ^ Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, Q. 74...they rejected God and his Kingdom, thus giving rise to the existence of hell
  18. ^ CCC 392
  19. ^ CCC 598
  20. ^ CCC 1606
  21. ^ CCC 1606
  22. ^ CCC 613
  23. ^ CCC 618
  24. ^ CCC 1060
  25. ^ CCC 1130
  26. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - Paragraph # 1718".
  27. ^ CCC 416
  28. ^ CCC 1854
  29. ^ CCC 1857
  30. ^ CCC 1861
  31. ^ CCC 1858
  32. ^ CCC First Commandment
  33. ^ CCC Second Commandment
  34. ^ CCC Third Commandment
  35. ^ CCC Fourth Commandment
  36. ^ CCC Fifth Commandment
  37. ^ CCC Sixth Commandment
  38. ^ CCC Seventh Commandment
  39. ^ CCC Eighth Commandment
  40. ^ CCC Ninth Commandment
  41. ^ CCC Tenth Commandment
  42. ^ CCC 1867
  43. ^ CCC 1860
  44. ^ CCC 1860
  45. ^ Pope John Paul II, Dominum et Vivificantem, 6 Why is blasphemy against the Holy Spirit unforgivable? ...blasphemy against the Holy Spirit consists precisely in the radical refusal to accept this forgiveness,...
  46. ^ CCC 1855
  47. ^ CCC 1863
  48. ^ CCC 1867
  49. ^ CCC 1935
  50. ^ CCC 1577
  51. ^ CCC 1578
  52. ^ Stourton, Edward (2006). John Paul II: Man of History. London: © 2006 Hodder & Stoughton. p. 1. ISBN 0-340-90816-5.
  53. ^ [Pope Benedict XVI apologizes for handling of sexual abuse cases but denies wrongdoing NPR: Pope Benedict XVI apologizes for handling of sexual abuse cases but denies wrongdoing]
  54. ^ CCC 2480
  55. ^ CCC 1868
  56. ^ CCC 1441
  57. ^ CCC 277
  58. ^ CCC 1994
  59. ^ CCC 1257
  60. ^ CCC 1431
  61. ^ CCC 1492
  62. ^ CCC 1257
  63. ^ CCC 393
  64. ^ CCC, Baptism
  65. ^ CCC, Confession
  66. ^ CCC, Eucharist
  67. ^ CCC 1452
  68. ^ CCC 847
  69. ^ CCC 2794
  70. ^ CCC 827
  71. ^ CCC 1479
  72. ^ CCC 213
  73. ^ CCC 1129
  74. ^ CCC 1045
  75. ^ Bevan, A. A. (1930). "Manichaeism". Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Volume VIII Ed. James Hastings. London
  76. ^ Cross, FL, ed. (2005), "Novatianism", The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church, New York: Oxford University Press.
  77. ^ Plested 2004, pp. 16–27.
  78. ^ Visotzky 2009, p. 44.
  79. ^ Pascal, Blaise (2004). Ferreyrolles, Gérard; Sellier, Philippe (eds.). Les provincials; Pensées; [et opuscules divers]. Paris: Livre de Poche. pp. 430–431. ISBN 2253132772.
  80. ^ Catholic Answers: Is Judas In Hell?
  81. ^ Pope Benedict XVI, General Audience of Oct 18, 2006
  82. ^ Siker, Jeffrey S. (2015). Jesus, Sin, and Perfection in Early Christianity. New York. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-107-10541-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Works cited edit

  • Plested, Marcus (2004). The Macarian legacy: the place of Macarius-Symeon in the Eastern Christian tradition. Oxford Theological Monographs. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-926779-0. OCLC 56319750.
  • Visotzky, Burton L. (2009). "Will and Grace: Aspects of Judaising in Pelagianism in Light of Rabbinic and Patristic Exegesis of Genesis". In Grypeou, Emmanouela; Spurling, Helen (eds.). The Exegetical Encounter Between Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity. Leiden: Brill. pp. 43–62. ISBN 978-90-04-17727-7.

December 07, 2023
catholic, hamartiology, branch, roman, catholicism, that, studies, according, catholic, church, utterance, deed, desire, caused, concupiscence, that, offends, reason, truth, conscience, church, believes, greatest, evil, worst, consequences, sinner, original, d. Catholic hamartiology is a branch of Roman Catholicism that studies sin According to the Catholic Church sin is an utterance deed or desire 1 caused by concupiscence 2 that offends God reason truth and conscience 3 The church believes sin is the greatest evil and has the worst consequences for the sinner original sin and damnation the world human misery and environmental destruction and the Roman Catholic Church itself Passion of Jesus and wounds to the church s unity 4 Based on the Bible the Roman Catholic Church distinguishes between two kinds of sins mortal sin and venial sin 5 The Roman Catholic Church also distinguishes between the state of being in original sin and the commission of actual sin 6 Hieronymus Bosch s The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things Contents 1 Official teaching 1 1 Reality of sin 1 1 1 Nature of sin 1 1 1 1 Misunderstanding of sin 1 1 2 God permits but does not will evil 1 1 2 1 Paschal mystery 1 2 Who can sin 1 2 1 No double predestination 1 2 2 Fall of angels and humans 1 2 2 1 Creation of hell 1 2 2 2 Demons are tempters 1 2 3 All sinners are to blame for the Passion of Jesus 1 3 Reign of sin 1 3 1 Disorder of sin 1 3 2 Defeat of and end to sin 1 4 Actual sin 1 4 1 State of original sin 1 4 2 Kinds of actual sin 1 4 2 1 Mortal sin 1 4 2 1 1 Eternal punishment 1 4 2 1 2 Grave matter according to the Decalogue 1 4 2 1 3 Sins that cry to heaven for justice 1 4 2 1 4 Diminishment of guilt 1 4 2 1 5 Gravest of sins 1 4 2 1 6 Unforgivable sin 1 4 2 2 Venial Sin 1 4 2 2 1 Temporary punishment 1 5 Habital sin 1 5 1 Seven capital vices 1 6 Discrimination 1 6 1 Ordination of women 1 7 Sins of the church 1 8 Participation in sin 1 9 Forgiveness of sin 1 9 1 Everyone can be forgiven 1 9 2 Repentance 1 9 3 Sacraments 1 9 4 Repentance outside confession 1 9 4 1 God listens to the contrite 1 9 5 Indulgences 1 10 Impeccability 1 11 Heresy 1 11 1 Good and evil are equal and matter is evil 1 11 2 Sinners don t belong to the church 1 11 3 Christians are free from all authority 1 11 4 Divine grace unnecessary for choosing good over evil 1 11 5 Imperfect contrition is ineffective 2 Unofficial teachings 2 1 Damnation of Judas Iscariot 2 2 Seven capital virtues 3 References 3 1 Works citedOfficial teaching editReality of sin edit The reality of sin is one of the arguments of divine revelation e g sin is present in history 7 and divine revelation sheds light on it 8 Nature of sin edit Sin is an utterance deed or desire that offends God reason truth and conscience It is caused by concupiscence Sin is the greatest evil and has the worst consequences for the sinner the world and the church 9 Misunderstanding of sin edit Without divine revelation sin can be misconstrued as a developmental flaw a psychological weakness a mistake or the necessary consequence of an inadequate social structure etc 10 God permits but does not will evil edit God in his goodness only wills good 11 He permits evil for the sake of a greater good 12 Paschal mystery edit This is evidenced by the Paschal mystery God permitted his Son to suffer and die for the sake of mankind s redemption 13 Who can sin edit Angels and humans are capable of committing sin because unlike every other creature they have free will 14 No double predestination edit No creature is predestined to commit sin or go to hell 15 Fall of angels and humans edit The angels and first humans underwent a test of love of God at the beginning of time some angels sinned and became demons then tempted the first humans to sin as well 16 Creation of hell edit By falling from heaven demons gave rise to the existence of hell 17 Demons are tempters edit Out of envy demons tempt humans to commit sin 18 All sinners are to blame for the Passion of Jesus edit Every human who sins is an author and minister of the Passion of Jesus 19 Reign of sin edit The reign or regime of sin in the world is not arbitrary or a conspiracy rather it is each person s struggle against his or her own concupiscence 20 Disorder of sin edit The regime of sin causes disorder which can be more or less overcome according to the circumstances of cultures eras and individuals 21 Defeat of and end to sin edit Sin s reign is temporary beginning with the fall of the angels and ending in definitive defeat with the crucifixion of Jesus 22 Every human can share in Jesus eternal reign on the wood of the cross via the sacraments 23 At the end of the world sin will no longer exist nor be possible ever again because Jesus eternal reign will then be absolute 24 he will be everything to everyone 25 i e fulfill everyone s every desire 26 Actual sin edit Actual sin is the commitment of a sin The first actual sin in history caused humanity to lose the state of original holiness which included sanctifying grace State of original sin edit After the fall every human apart from the Immaculate Conception is now conceived in the state of original sin 27 Kinds of actual sin edit There are two types of actual sin mortal and venial 28 Mortal sin edit Mortal sin is a deliberate sin of grave matter such as murder 29 Eternal punishment edit Mortal sin entails eternal punishment since it destroys sanctifying grace 30 Grave matter according to the Decalogue edit The church does not have a full list of every possible sin However the Catechism of the Catholic Church does list certain offenses against the Ten Commandments that constitute grave matter 31 They include 1st Commandment superstition idolatry polytheism divination magic or sorcery irreligion atheism tempting God sacrilege simony heresy schism apostasy 32 2nd Commandment abuse of God s name magical use of God s name committing sin or crime in the name of God blasphemy false promises false oaths perjury insult 33 3rd Commandment skipping Mass without grave reason sickness giving birth etc impeding the worship of God hindering the observation of Sunday unnecessary demands 34 4th Commandment the state of refusing to assist and protect the family violation of human rights disobedience to parents or authority ingratitude to the church refusal to disobey evil negligence of children 35 5th Commandment deliberate destruction of human life deliberate killing of the innocent capital punishment intentional homicide direct abortion direct euthanasia suicide scandal cult of the body every kind of excess drug abuse overeating etc inhumane scientific experiments inhumane research kidnapping hostage taking terrorism torture non therapeutic and medical sterilization non therapeutic and medical amputation non therapeutic and medical mutilation disrespect to the dead unjust war war crimes unregulated production or sale of arms arms race economic or social inequality 36 6th Commandment lust masturbation fornication pornography prostitution rape sodomy homosexual acts marital infidelity domestic violence artificial conception adultery divorce polygamy incest child abuse free union concubinage cohabitation trial marriage 37 7th Commandment theft fraud unjust wages deliberate retention of lent goods deliberate retention of lost objects forcing up prices unjust contracts violation of a just contract refusal to make reparations for injustice unfair gambling slavery disrespect to animals disrespect to environment rich nations refusing to help the less fortunate lay faithful refusing to directly intervene in politics refusal to aid the poor or needy human misery material deprivation unjust oppression etc 38 8th Commandment lying rash judgment detraction calumny satirical caricature participation in sin bragging or boasting violation of professional secrets violation of the sacramental seal violation of privacy iconoclasm 39 9th Commandment evil intentions complicity in impure thoughts immodesty moral permissiveness 40 10th Commandment greed envy desire to amass goods without limit desire to acquire someone else s property through unjust means refusal to practice charity 41 Sins that cry to heaven for justice edit There are five mortal sins that cry to heaven for justice the blood of Abel the sin of the Sodomites the cry of the Jews oppressed in Egypt injustice to the wage earner and the cry of the foreigner widow and orphan 42 Diminishment of guilt edit Feelings passions pathological desires such as the psychological wounds of child abuse or external pressures such as the threat of death can diminish the voluntary and free character of a mortal sin Unintentional ignorance such as not knowing the gospel can diminish or even remove the imputability of a mortal sin 43 Gravest of sins edit Sins committing through malice or deliberate choice of evil is the gravest 44 Unforgivable sin edit The eternal sin blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the mortal sin of final impenitence e g dying unrepentant which cannot be forgiven precisely because the sinner refuses to accept forgiveness 45 Venial Sin edit Venial sin is a deliberate sin of non grave matter such as a white lie or an accidental sin of grave matter such as an accidental killing 46 Temporary punishment edit Venial sin entails temporary punishment since it weakens the theological virtue of charity 47 Habital sin edit A vice is when one is in the habit of committing sin It opposes virtue Seven capital vices edit There are seven capital vices commonly mistakenly referred to as the seven deadly sins They are called capital vices because these vices engender sin pride avarice envy wrath lust gluttony and acedia 48 Discrimination edit The catechism condemns e every form of social or cultural discrimination in fundamental personal rights on the grounds of sex race color social conditions language or religion 49 Ordination of women edit The church does not see its inability to ordain women as discrimination on the grounds of sex since Jesus himself only ordained men 50 and since there is no right to holy orders 51 Sins of the church edit Pope John Paul II made many apologies for the church s sins including against women Jews victims of the Inquisition and Muslims throughout its history 52 Pope Benedict XVI apologized for the clerical sex abuse scandal 53 Participation in sin edit Participating in another s sin is grave matter according to the Eighth Commandment One participates in sin by flattery adulation or complaisance 54 by taking part in the sin by ordering advising or approving of sin by not disclosing or hindering sin or by protecting evildoers 55 Forgiveness of sin edit Only God forgives sins 56 because forgiving sins is the height of omnipotence 57 and forgiveness is the greatest of God s deeds 58 Everyone can be forgiven edit God is not bound by spacetime or the church so those who have no access to the sacraments can still receive divine mercy 59 Repentance edit The only prerequisite for forgiveness is contrition 60 also called repentance 61 however this does not include original sin 62 While necessary for forgiveness repentance is nonetheless impossible after death 63 Sacraments edit The sacrament of baptism forgives all sins and original sin and grants sanctifying grace 64 the sacrament of confession forgives all sins and restores sanctifying grace 65 and the sacrament of the Eucharist forgives all venial sins and augments sanctifying grace 66 Repentance outside confession edit Perfect contrition outside confession grants forgiveness of all sins so long as one resolves to go to confession as soon as possible 67 or would have had one not been ignorant of Jesus and his church 68 God listens to the contrite edit God hears the prayers of and is close to the contrite 69 and the church holds sinners to her bosom 70 Indulgences edit While the souls of Purgatory are undergoing temporary punishment for their sins Catholics can remit their punishment by obtaining indulgences for them 71 Impeccability edit Impeccability to be holy or sinless is an attribute of God since he is absolutely perfect 72 Impeccability is partially shared in by Christians because they partake of God s nature 73 and completely shared in by the angels and saints because they experience the beatific vision 74 Heresy edit These beliefs are condemned by the Catholic Church as heresies Good and evil are equal and matter is evil edit Manichaeism is the belief that good and evil are equal forces and that matter is evil 75 Sinners don t belong to the church edit Donatism is the belief that sinners shouldn t be reconciled to the church since only saints belong to the church 76 Christians are free from all authority edit Messalians believe that Christians can do whatever they want 77 Divine grace unnecessary for choosing good over evil edit Pelagianism is the belief that humans can choose good over evil without divine grace 78 Imperfect contrition is ineffective edit Jansenism is the belief that imperfect contrition is insufficient for a Christian receiving the Eucharist 79 Unofficial teachings editDamnation of Judas Iscariot edit It is commonly believed that Judas Iscariot who betrayed Jesus before repenting of betrayal and committing suicide is in hell since the Bible calls him a son of perdition 80 Regarding Judas suicide Pope Benedict XVI taught that it is not up to us to judge his gesture substituting ourselves for the infinitely merciful and just God 81 Seven capital virtues edit The seven capital virtues are virtues that are said to oppose the seven capital vices They include humility charity kindness patience chastity temperance and diligence 82 References edit Catechism of the Catholic Church CCC 1849 CCC 1849 CCC 1849 CCC 1488 CCC 1854 CCC 405 CCC 386 CCC 387 CCC 387 CCC 387 CCC 294 CCC 312 CCC 312 CCC 391 CCC 1037 CCC 391 Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church Q 74 they rejected God and his Kingdom thus giving rise to the existence of hell CCC 392 CCC 598 CCC 1606 CCC 1606 CCC 613 CCC 618 CCC 1060 CCC 1130 Catechism of the Catholic Church Paragraph 1718 CCC 416 CCC 1854 CCC 1857 CCC 1861 CCC 1858 CCC First Commandment CCC Second Commandment CCC Third Commandment CCC Fourth Commandment CCC Fifth Commandment CCC Sixth Commandment CCC Seventh Commandment CCC Eighth Commandment CCC Ninth Commandment CCC Tenth Commandment CCC 1867 CCC 1860 CCC 1860 Pope John Paul II Dominum et Vivificantem 6 Why is blasphemy against the Holy Spirit unforgivable blasphemy against the Holy Spirit consists precisely in the radical refusal to accept this forgiveness CCC 1855 CCC 1863 CCC 1867 CCC 1935 CCC 1577 CCC 1578 Stourton Edward 2006 John Paul II Man of History London c 2006 Hodder amp Stoughton p 1 ISBN 0 340 90816 5 Pope Benedict XVI apologizes for handling of sexual abuse cases but denies wrongdoing NPR Pope Benedict XVI apologizes for handling of sexual abuse cases but denies wrongdoing CCC 2480 CCC 1868 CCC 1441 CCC 277 CCC 1994 CCC 1257 CCC 1431 CCC 1492 CCC 1257 CCC 393 CCC Baptism CCC Confession CCC Eucharist CCC 1452 CCC 847 CCC 2794 CCC 827 CCC 1479 CCC 213 CCC 1129 CCC 1045 Bevan A A 1930 Manichaeism Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics Volume VIII Ed James Hastings London Cross FL ed 2005 Novatianism The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church New York Oxford University Press Plested 2004 pp 16 27 Visotzky 2009 p 44 Pascal Blaise 2004 Ferreyrolles Gerard Sellier Philippe eds Les provincials Pensees et opuscules divers Paris Livre de Poche pp 430 431 ISBN 2253132772 Catholic Answers Is Judas In Hell Pope Benedict XVI General Audience of Oct 18 2006 Siker Jeffrey S 2015 Jesus Sin and Perfection in Early Christianity New York p 46 ISBN 978 1 107 10541 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Works cited edit Plested Marcus 2004 The Macarian legacy the place of Macarius Symeon in the Eastern Christian tradition Oxford Theological Monographs Oxford New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 926779 0 OCLC 56319750 Visotzky Burton L 2009 Will and Grace Aspects of Judaising in Pelagianism in Light of Rabbinic and Patristic Exegesis of Genesis In Grypeou Emmanouela Spurling Helen eds The Exegetical Encounter Between Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity Leiden Brill pp 43 62 ISBN 978 90 04 17727 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Catholic hamartiology amp oldid 1185412984, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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