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Carmen Baroja

October 21, 2023

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Baroja and the second or maternal family name is Nessi.

Carmen Baroja Nessi (1883, Pamplona – 4 June 1950, Madrid) was a Spanish writer and ethnologist who wrote under the pseudonym Vera Alzate. She was the sister of the writers Ricardo Baroja and Pío Baroja, and mother of the anthropologist Julio Caro Baroja and film director Pío Caro Baroja.

Carmen Baroja

Early life Edit

Baroja was the youngest child of Serafin Baroja, a Basque writer and poet who made his living as a mining engineer, and Carmen Nessi y Goñia, a woman of Basque and Italian descent. At the time of her birth, her father was editing Bai, Juana, Bai, the first (Basque-Castilian) bilingual periodical to be published in Pamplona. When it closed down after six issues, her father went back to his profession as a mining engineer and took the family to Burjassot near València, Cestona in Guipúzcoa, and San Sebastián.

In 1894, her family moved to Madrid to help her aunt, Juana Nessi, in her bakery, Viena Capellanes, after the death of her husband, Matías Lacasa. Her early education was at Catholic girls' schools, with private lessons in French and music. Thanks to her father's love for theatre and music she regularly attended concerts and theatrical productions. At this time, both her brothers were gaining prominence on the cultural scene, with Ricardo becoming recognized as a painter and Pío having his first literary works published. Through them, she came into contact with artists, writers and intellectuals who were shaping the new cultural world of Spain.[1]

In 1902, she contracted typhoid fever and her brother Pío recommended that she go to the Monastery of El Paular in the Sierra de Guadarrama. After fully recovering, she returned to Madrid and despite her mother's opposition, she began to work with metals and enamels. In 1906, she went to London and Paris with Pío and studied art at the student residence of Jacqueline Paulhan, whose husband was the aviator Louis Paulhan. When she returned to Madrid, she devoted herself entirely to her work as a goldsmith artisan making jewelry as well as a reputation for herself.

Lyceum Woman's Club Edit

In 1913 she married Rafael Caro Raggio, an editor with whom she shared artistic and intellectual interests. On 14 November 1914, her first son Julio was born, followed by Ricardo, Baroja and Pío. For next several years, she focused on her duties as a wife and mother. In 1917, her husband, Rafael, inaugurated his publishing house, Editorial Caro Raggio, which became a thriving business within three years.[2]

In 1926, Baroja rejoined active public life by participating in the creation the Lyceum Woman's Club, a feminist cultural association seeking to defend women's social and moral equality, and have full integration in education and work. Made up of artists, doctors, lawyers, politicians, scientists and writers, its members included Clara Campoamor, Zenobia Camprubí, Elena Fortún, Victoria Kent, María Teresa León, Maria de Maeztu Whitney, Concha Méndez, Margarita Nelken, and Isabel Oyarzábal Smith.[3]

Even though its lectures and talks were open only by invitation, the Lyceum Club was perceived to represent a threat to decent bourgeois society, challenging as it did the gendered boundaries of cultural activity. The reaction of Madrid's literary elite was varied; while writers such as Federico García Lorca, Rafael Alberti and Miguel de Unamuno presented lectures at the Lyceum. Others were less supportive, most notably Jacinto Benavente, whose description of the Lyceum Club members as '"tontas y locas"' (fools and madwomen) is now infamous.[4]

Among their successful legal reforms was the changing of Civil Code 57 from "a husband must protect his wife and she must obey him" to "the husband and wife must mutually protect and consider each other" and the deletion of Penal Code 438, in which "a husband who kills his adulterous wife and lover shall be punished by banishment".[5]

Spanish Civil War Edit

The early start of the Spanish Civil War caught everyone by surprise.[6] Baroja was living with her children in Vera de Bidasoa while her husband stayed on in Madrid working at his printing press, "spending a long, cruel summer of three years observing intransigence, stupidity and cruelty, irrespective of ideologies."[7][8] His publishing house was destroyed during a bombing raid, and he had to return to his old job at the post office. Rafael died in 1943, a broken man.

Afterward Edit

After the war, the building that had housed the Lyceum Club was appropriated by the Falange, their records burned, and the group disbanded, with most members going abroad or into exile. Throughout the war, the building had been left intact, not even a teaspoon missing.[9]

In 1947, Baroja bought a house on a 57-acre (23 ha) olive grove in Tendilla known as El Parador del Tío Ruperto in the province of Guadalajara. She was excited about her house and land and enjoyed the simple pleasures like sitting under the walnut trees on a peaceful afternoon.[10] After a few years, she began to get ill and after two operations, Baroja died of intestinal cancer on 4 June 1950. Of her four children, only Julio and her youngest, Pío, survived. Her other two children, Ricardo and Baroja, had died. Her manuscript, Recuerdo de una mujer de la generación del 98 (Memories of a Woman of the Generation of '98), an autobiography about the lives of men and women she knew, was edited by Amparo Hurtado Díaz and published for the first time in December 1998, putting an end to the silence and near invisibility of an intelligent and talented woman.[11]

In Pamplona, a street, Calle Carmen Baroja Nessi, is named after her.

Writings Edit

  • El encaje en España (1933; Lace in Spain)
  • Martinito el de la casa grande (1942; Martinito of the Big House)
  • Joyas populares y amuletos mágicos (1945; Popular Jewels and Magical Amulets)
  • Tres Barojas: poemas (1995; Three Barojas: Poems)
  • Recuerdo de una mujer de la generación del 98, (1998; Memories of a Woman of the Generation of 1898)

References Edit

  1. ^ Sarah Leggott, The Workings of Memory: life-writing by women in early twentieth-century Spain, (2008), p. 46-47
  2. ^ . Losbaroja.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  3. ^ "CVC. Rinconete. Literatura. Intelectuales de la Edad de Plata (17). Carmen Baroja y Nessi". Cvc.cervantes.es. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  4. ^ (PDF). Vision.csic.es. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  5. ^ . Madripedia. 2013-06-15. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
  6. ^ Federica Montseny, Speech reported in Solidaridad Obrera, December 22, 1936
  7. ^ Carmen Baroja Nessi, Recuerdo de una mujer de la generación del 98, (1998)
  8. ^ "Julia Escobar - Carmen Baroja, una mujer del 98". La Ilustracin Liberal. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  9. ^ , MadriPedia
  10. ^ "Los Baroja en Tendilla (Guadalajara)". Uam.es. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  11. ^ "Recuerdos de una muj...". 25: 609–612. JSTOR 27741487. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

October 21, 2023
carmen, baroja, this, spanish, name, first, paternal, surname, baroja, second, maternal, family, name, nessi, nessi, 1883, pamplona, june, 1950, madrid, spanish, writer, ethnologist, wrote, under, pseudonym, vera, alzate, sister, writers, ricardo, baroja, pío,. In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Baroja and the second or maternal family name is Nessi Carmen Baroja Nessi 1883 Pamplona 4 June 1950 Madrid was a Spanish writer and ethnologist who wrote under the pseudonym Vera Alzate She was the sister of the writers Ricardo Baroja and Pio Baroja and mother of the anthropologist Julio Caro Baroja and film director Pio Caro Baroja Carmen Baroja Contents 1 Early life 2 Lyceum Woman s Club 3 Spanish Civil War 4 Afterward 5 Writings 6 ReferencesEarly life EditBaroja was the youngest child of Serafin Baroja a Basque writer and poet who made his living as a mining engineer and Carmen Nessi y Gonia a woman of Basque and Italian descent At the time of her birth her father was editing Bai Juana Bai the first Basque Castilian bilingual periodical to be published in Pamplona When it closed down after six issues her father went back to his profession as a mining engineer and took the family to Burjassot near Valencia Cestona in Guipuzcoa and San Sebastian In 1894 her family moved to Madrid to help her aunt Juana Nessi in her bakery Viena Capellanes after the death of her husband Matias Lacasa Her early education was at Catholic girls schools with private lessons in French and music Thanks to her father s love for theatre and music she regularly attended concerts and theatrical productions At this time both her brothers were gaining prominence on the cultural scene with Ricardo becoming recognized as a painter and Pio having his first literary works published Through them she came into contact with artists writers and intellectuals who were shaping the new cultural world of Spain 1 In 1902 she contracted typhoid fever and her brother Pio recommended that she go to the Monastery of El Paular in the Sierra de Guadarrama After fully recovering she returned to Madrid and despite her mother s opposition she began to work with metals and enamels In 1906 she went to London and Paris with Pio and studied art at the student residence of Jacqueline Paulhan whose husband was the aviator Louis Paulhan When she returned to Madrid she devoted herself entirely to her work as a goldsmith artisan making jewelry as well as a reputation for herself Lyceum Woman s Club EditIn 1913 she married Rafael Caro Raggio an editor with whom she shared artistic and intellectual interests On 14 November 1914 her first son Julio was born followed by Ricardo Baroja and Pio For next several years she focused on her duties as a wife and mother In 1917 her husband Rafael inaugurated his publishing house Editorial Caro Raggio which became a thriving business within three years 2 In 1926 Baroja rejoined active public life by participating in the creation the Lyceum Woman s Club a feminist cultural association seeking to defend women s social and moral equality and have full integration in education and work Made up of artists doctors lawyers politicians scientists and writers its members included Clara Campoamor Zenobia Camprubi Elena Fortun Victoria Kent Maria Teresa Leon Maria de Maeztu Whitney Concha Mendez Margarita Nelken and Isabel Oyarzabal Smith 3 Even though its lectures and talks were open only by invitation the Lyceum Club was perceived to represent a threat to decent bourgeois society challenging as it did the gendered boundaries of cultural activity The reaction of Madrid s literary elite was varied while writers such as Federico Garcia Lorca Rafael Alberti and Miguel de Unamuno presented lectures at the Lyceum Others were less supportive most notably Jacinto Benavente whose description of the Lyceum Club members as tontas y locas fools and madwomen is now infamous 4 Among their successful legal reforms was the changing of Civil Code 57 from a husband must protect his wife and she must obey him to the husband and wife must mutually protect and consider each other and the deletion of Penal Code 438 in which a husband who kills his adulterous wife and lover shall be punished by banishment 5 Spanish Civil War EditThe early start of the Spanish Civil War caught everyone by surprise 6 Baroja was living with her children in Vera de Bidasoa while her husband stayed on in Madrid working at his printing press spending a long cruel summer of three years observing intransigence stupidity and cruelty irrespective of ideologies 7 8 His publishing house was destroyed during a bombing raid and he had to return to his old job at the post office Rafael died in 1943 a broken man Afterward EditAfter the war the building that had housed the Lyceum Club was appropriated by the Falange their records burned and the group disbanded with most members going abroad or into exile Throughout the war the building had been left intact not even a teaspoon missing 9 In 1947 Baroja bought a house on a 57 acre 23 ha olive grove in Tendilla known as El Parador del Tio Ruperto in the province of Guadalajara She was excited about her house and land and enjoyed the simple pleasures like sitting under the walnut trees on a peaceful afternoon 10 After a few years she began to get ill and after two operations Baroja died of intestinal cancer on 4 June 1950 Of her four children only Julio and her youngest Pio survived Her other two children Ricardo and Baroja had died Her manuscript Recuerdo de una mujer de la generacion del 98 Memories of a Woman of the Generation of 98 an autobiography about the lives of men and women she knew was edited by Amparo Hurtado Diaz and published for the first time in December 1998 putting an end to the silence and near invisibility of an intelligent and talented woman 11 In Pamplona a street Calle Carmen Baroja Nessi is named after her Writings EditEl encaje en Espana 1933 Lace in Spain Martinito el de la casa grande 1942 Martinito of the Big House Joyas populares y amuletos magicos 1945 Popular Jewels and Magical Amulets Tres Barojas poemas 1995 Three Barojas Poems Recuerdo de una mujer de la generacion del 98 1998 Memories of a Woman of the Generation of 1898 References Edit Sarah Leggott The Workings of Memory life writing by women in early twentieth century Spain 2008 p 46 47 Editorial Caro Raggio Madrid Los Baroja en internet Catlogo Libros Artculos Novedades Losbaroja com Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 9 December 2014 CVC Rinconete Literatura Intelectuales de la Edad de Plata 17 Carmen Baroja y Nessi Cvc cervantes es Retrieved 9 December 2014 Mujey Hoy magazine PDF Vision csic es Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 9 December 2014 Lyceum club Femenino Madripedia 2013 06 15 Archived from the original on June 15 2013 Retrieved 2015 10 24 Federica Montseny Speech reported in Solidaridad Obrera December 22 1936 Carmen Baroja Nessi Recuerdo de una mujer de la generacion del 98 1998 Julia Escobar Carmen Baroja una mujer del 98 La Ilustracin Liberal Retrieved 9 December 2014 Lyceum club Femenino MadriPedia Los Baroja en Tendilla Guadalajara Uam es Retrieved 9 December 2014 Recuerdos de una muj 25 609 612 JSTOR 27741487 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carmen Baroja amp oldid 1160723182, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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