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Carl H. Hermann

October 20, 2023

For the German fresco painter, see Carl Heinrich Hermann.

Carl Heinrich Hermann (17 June 1898 – 12 September 1961), or Carl Hermann German: [kaʁl ˈhɛʁman] ⓘ, was a German physicist and crystallographer known for his research in crystallographic symmetry, nomenclature, and mathematical crystallography in N-dimensional spaces. Hermann was a pioneer in crystallographic databases and, along with Paul Peter Ewald, published the first volume of the influential Strukturbericht (Structure Report) in 1931.[1]

Education and career Edit

Hermann was born in the north German port town of Wesermünde to parents both of long-time ministerial families. He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Göttingen, where he received his doctorate in 1923, as a pupil of Max Born and a fellow student with Werner Heisenberg. Upon graduation, he moved to Berlin-Dahlem to work under Herman Francis Mark at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fiber Chemistry (now Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society).[2] Later in 1925, he joined Paul P. Ewald at the University of Stuttgart, where he achieved his habilitation in 1931 with the thesis title Die Symmetriegruppen der amorphen und mesomorphen Phasen.[3][4] Along with Ewald in Stuttgart, he nurtured the growing field of crystallography, especially the study of space groups, and began what was later to become Structure Reports (Strukturbericht),[5] a reference series giving every known crystal structure determination.[1] During his Stuttgart years, Hermann also developed the first description of anisotropic properties of materials from a crystallographic perspective.[6][7]

When the Nazi Party rose to power, he objected to its political restrictions on academic positions, leaving to take a position as a physicist with the industrial dye firm I.G. Farben at Ludwigshafen, where he continued his crystallographic research and studied symmetry in higher-dimensional spaces. After the war, he lectured briefly at Darmstadt Polytechnic (now Darmstadt university of technology) between 1946 and 1947. Then, in 1947, he accepted a newly formed chair in crystallography at the University of Marburg, where he became director of the Crystallographic Institute and remained until his death. During his Marburg years, Hermann's research laid the foundation for N-dimensional crystallography.[8]

Life and achievements Edit

The symmetry notation introduced by Hermann and Charles-Victor Mauguin, which later became an international standard notation for crystallographic groups known as the Hermann–Mauguin notation or International notation.[9]

During World War II, he and his wife Eva Hermann-Lueddecke (1900 – 1997) helped many Jews hide and escape the Holocaust, for which he was imprisoned and sentenced to death. As he was an eminent scientist with influential friends, the sentence was never carried out. Hermann was an active Quaker and devoted much time to promoting international understanding.

In August 1994, the German Crystallographic Society (DGK) established the Carl Hermann Medal, its highest distinction, for outstanding contributions to the science of crystallography.[10]

Bibliography Edit

Books Edit

  • Ewald, Paul Peter; Hermann, C (1931). Strukturbericht, 1913-1928 (in German). Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. OCLC 29150452.
  • Hermann, C; Lohrmann, O; Philipp, H (1937). Strukturbericht 1928-1932 Band II (in German). Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. OCLC 258079094.
  • Hermann, C (1944). Internationale Tabellen zur Bestimmung von Kristallstrukturen = International tables for the determination of crystal structures (in German). Berlin: Borntraeger. OCLC 465164866.

Selected articles Edit

  • Hermann, Carl (1923). "Über die natürliche optische Aktivität der regulären Kristalle NaClO3 und NaBrO3". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 16 (1): 103–134. Bibcode:1923ZPhy...16..103H. doi:10.1007/BF01327384. ISSN 1434-6001. S2CID 121330650.
  • Hermann, C. (1928-12-01). "XVI. Zur systematischen Strukturtheorie: I. Eine neue Raumgruppensymbolik". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 68 (1–6): 257–287. doi:10.1524/zkri.1928.68.1.257. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 202161702.
  • Hermann, C. (1929-10-01). "XVI. Zur systematischen Strukturtheorie: II. Ableitung der 230 Raumgruppen aus ihren Kennvektoren". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 69 (1–6): 226–249. doi:10.1524/zkri.1929.69.1.226. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 101077444.
  • Hermann, C. (1929-10-01). "XVII. Zur systematischen Strukturtheorie: III. Ketten- und Netzgruppen". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 69 (1–6): 250–270. doi:10.1524/zkri.1929.69.1.250. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 202161574.
  • Hermann, C. (1929-10-01). "XXXV. Zur systematischen Strukturtheorie.: IV. Untergruppen". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 69 (1–6): 533–555. doi:10.1524/zkri.1929.69.1.533. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 202160467.
  • Hermann, C. (1931-08-01). "Bemerkung zu der vorstehenden Arbeit yon Cli. Mauguin". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 76 (1–6): 559–561. doi:10.1524/zkri.1931.76.1.559. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 100934456.
  • Hermann, C. (1931-11-01). "Die Symmetriegruppen der amorphen und mesomorphen Phasen". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 79 (1–6): 186–221. doi:10.1524/zkri.1931.79.1.186. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 100926117.
  • Hermann, C. (1934-12-01). "Tensoren und Kristallsymmetrie". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 89 (1–6): 32–48. doi:10.1524/zkri.1934.89.1.32. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 101051334.
  • Brill, R.; Grimm, H. G.; Hermann, C.; Peters, Cl. (1939). "Anwendung der röntgenographischen Fourieranalyse auf Fragen der chemischen Bindung". Annalen der Physik (in German). 426 (5): 393–445. Bibcode:1939AnP...426..393B. doi:10.1002/andp.19394260502.
  • Hermann, C. (1949-06-02). "Kristallographie in Räumen beliebiger Dimensionszahl. I. Die Symmetrieoperationen". Acta Crystallographica. 2 (3): 139–145. doi:10.1107/S0365110X49000382.
  • Hermann, C. (1952), "Translationsgruppen in n Dimensionen", Zur Struktur und Materie der Festkörper (in German), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 24–33, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-29427-7_2, ISBN 978-3-662-27919-9, retrieved 2022-07-24
  • Hermann, C. (1960-11-01). "Zur Nomenklatur der Gitterkomplexe". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 113 (1–6): 142–154. doi:10.1524/zkri.1960.113.jg.142. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 97731438.

See also Edit

External links Edit

  • IUCr Structure Reports Online
  • Carl Hermann – his activity to save Jews' lives at the Holocaust, at Yad Vashem website

References Edit

  1. ^ a b "Carl H. Hermann". www.iucr.org. Retrieved 2022-07-24.
  2. ^ "Hermann F. Mark". Wilhelm Exner Medaillen Stiftung. Retrieved 2022-07-24.
  3. ^ Hermann, C (1931). Die Symmetriegruppen der amorphen und mesomorphen Phasen (Thesis) (in German). Leipzig: Akad. Verlagsges. OCLC 314002127.
  4. ^ "Carl Hermann - Chemgapedia". www.chemgapedia.de. Retrieved 2022-07-24.
  5. ^ Bragg, W. L. (1931-09-26). "Strukturbericht, 1913–1928". Nature. 128 (3230): 511–512. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..511B. doi:10.1038/128511a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4079798.
  6. ^ Hermann, C. (1934-12-01). "Tensoren und Kristallsymmetrie". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 89 (1–6): 32–48. doi:10.1524/zkri.1934.89.1.32. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 101051334.
  7. ^ Glüge, Rainer; Aßmus, Marcus (2021-03-24). "A systematic approach to reduce the independent tensor components by symmetry transformations: a commented translation of "Tensors and Crystal Symmetry" by Carl Hermann". Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics. 33 (4): 1603–1620. Bibcode:2021CMT....33.1603G. doi:10.1007/s00161-021-00978-5. ISSN 0935-1175. S2CID 233700594.
  8. ^ Schwarzenberger, R. L. E. (1974). "Crystallography in spaces of arbitrary dimension". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 76 (1): 23–32. Bibcode:1974PCPS...76...23S. doi:10.1017/S0305004100048696. ISSN 0305-0041. S2CID 123077473.
  9. ^ Burzlaff, H.; Zimmermann, H. (2006-10-01), Hahn, Th. (ed.), "Point-group symbols", International Tables for Crystallography (1 ed.), Chester, England: International Union of Crystallography, vol. A, pp. 818–820, doi:10.1107/97809553602060000524, ISBN 978-0-7923-6590-7, retrieved 2022-07-24
  10. ^ "The Carl Hermann medal". www.iucr.org. Retrieved 2022-07-24.

October 20, 2023
carl, hermann, german, fresco, painter, carl, heinrich, hermann, carl, heinrich, hermann, june, 1898, september, 1961, carl, hermann, german, kaʁl, ˈhɛʁman, german, physicist, crystallographer, known, research, crystallographic, symmetry, nomenclature, mathema. For the German fresco painter see Carl Heinrich Hermann Carl Heinrich Hermann 17 June 1898 12 September 1961 or Carl Hermann German kaʁl ˈhɛʁman was a German physicist and crystallographer known for his research in crystallographic symmetry nomenclature and mathematical crystallography in N dimensional spaces Hermann was a pioneer in crystallographic databases and along with Paul Peter Ewald published the first volume of the influential Strukturbericht Structure Report in 1931 1 Carl Heinrich HermannBorn 1898 06 17 June 17 1898Wesermunde German EmpireDiedSeptember 12 1961 1961 09 12 aged 63 Marburg West GermanyEducationUniversity of GottingenKnown forHermann Mauguin notationStrukturbericht designationScientific careerInstitutionsKaiser Wilhelm InstituteUniversity of StuttgartDarmstadt University of TechnologyUniversity of MarburgDoctoral advisorMax BornOther academic advisorsHerman Francis MarkPaul Peter Ewald Contents 1 Education and career 2 Life and achievements 3 Bibliography 3 1 Books 3 2 Selected articles 4 See also 5 External links 6 ReferencesEducation and career EditHermann was born in the north German port town of Wesermunde to parents both of long time ministerial families He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Gottingen where he received his doctorate in 1923 as a pupil of Max Born and a fellow student with Werner Heisenberg Upon graduation he moved to Berlin Dahlem to work under Herman Francis Mark at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fiber Chemistry now Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 2 Later in 1925 he joined Paul P Ewald at the University of Stuttgart where he achieved his habilitation in 1931 with the thesis title Die Symmetriegruppen der amorphen und mesomorphen Phasen 3 4 Along with Ewald in Stuttgart he nurtured the growing field of crystallography especially the study of space groups and began what was later to become Structure Reports Strukturbericht 5 a reference series giving every known crystal structure determination 1 During his Stuttgart years Hermann also developed the first description of anisotropic properties of materials from a crystallographic perspective 6 7 When the Nazi Party rose to power he objected to its political restrictions on academic positions leaving to take a position as a physicist with the industrial dye firm I G Farben at Ludwigshafen where he continued his crystallographic research and studied symmetry in higher dimensional spaces After the war he lectured briefly at Darmstadt Polytechnic now Darmstadt university of technology between 1946 and 1947 Then in 1947 he accepted a newly formed chair in crystallography at the University of Marburg where he became director of the Crystallographic Institute and remained until his death During his Marburg years Hermann s research laid the foundation for N dimensional crystallography 8 Life and achievements EditThe symmetry notation introduced by Hermann and Charles Victor Mauguin which later became an international standard notation for crystallographic groups known as the Hermann Mauguin notation or International notation 9 During World War II he and his wife Eva Hermann Lueddecke 1900 1997 helped many Jews hide and escape the Holocaust for which he was imprisoned and sentenced to death As he was an eminent scientist with influential friends the sentence was never carried out Hermann was an active Quaker and devoted much time to promoting international understanding In August 1994 the German Crystallographic Society DGK established the Carl Hermann Medal its highest distinction for outstanding contributions to the science of crystallography 10 Bibliography EditBooks Edit Ewald Paul Peter Hermann C 1931 Strukturbericht 1913 1928 in German Leipzig Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft OCLC 29150452 Hermann C Lohrmann O Philipp H 1937 Strukturbericht 1928 1932 Band II in German Leipzig Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft OCLC 258079094 Hermann C 1944 Internationale Tabellen zur Bestimmung von Kristallstrukturen International tables for the determination of crystal structures in German Berlin Borntraeger OCLC 465164866 Selected articles Edit Hermann Carl 1923 Uber die naturliche optische Aktivitat der regularen Kristalle NaClO3 und NaBrO3 Zeitschrift fur Physik in German 16 1 103 134 Bibcode 1923ZPhy 16 103H doi 10 1007 BF01327384 ISSN 1434 6001 S2CID 121330650 Hermann C 1928 12 01 XVI Zur systematischen Strukturtheorie I Eine neue Raumgruppensymbolik Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 68 1 6 257 287 doi 10 1524 zkri 1928 68 1 257 ISSN 2196 7105 S2CID 202161702 Hermann C 1929 10 01 XVI Zur systematischen Strukturtheorie II Ableitung der 230 Raumgruppen aus ihren Kennvektoren Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 69 1 6 226 249 doi 10 1524 zkri 1929 69 1 226 ISSN 2196 7105 S2CID 101077444 Hermann C 1929 10 01 XVII Zur systematischen Strukturtheorie III Ketten und Netzgruppen Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 69 1 6 250 270 doi 10 1524 zkri 1929 69 1 250 ISSN 2196 7105 S2CID 202161574 Hermann C 1929 10 01 XXXV Zur systematischen Strukturtheorie IV Untergruppen Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 69 1 6 533 555 doi 10 1524 zkri 1929 69 1 533 ISSN 2196 7105 S2CID 202160467 Hermann C 1931 08 01 Bemerkung zu der vorstehenden Arbeit yon Cli Mauguin Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 76 1 6 559 561 doi 10 1524 zkri 1931 76 1 559 ISSN 2196 7105 S2CID 100934456 Hermann C 1931 11 01 Die Symmetriegruppen der amorphen und mesomorphen Phasen Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 79 1 6 186 221 doi 10 1524 zkri 1931 79 1 186 ISSN 2196 7105 S2CID 100926117 Hermann C 1934 12 01 Tensoren und Kristallsymmetrie Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 89 1 6 32 48 doi 10 1524 zkri 1934 89 1 32 ISSN 2196 7105 S2CID 101051334 Brill R Grimm H G Hermann C Peters Cl 1939 Anwendung der rontgenographischen Fourieranalyse auf Fragen der chemischen Bindung Annalen der Physik in German 426 5 393 445 Bibcode 1939AnP 426 393B doi 10 1002 andp 19394260502 Hermann C 1949 06 02 Kristallographie in Raumen beliebiger Dimensionszahl I Die Symmetrieoperationen Acta Crystallographica 2 3 139 145 doi 10 1107 S0365110X49000382 Hermann C 1952 Translationsgruppen in n Dimensionen Zur Struktur und Materie der Festkorper in German Berlin Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg pp 24 33 doi 10 1007 978 3 662 29427 7 2 ISBN 978 3 662 27919 9 retrieved 2022 07 24 Hermann C 1960 11 01 Zur Nomenklatur der Gitterkomplexe Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 113 1 6 142 154 doi 10 1524 zkri 1960 113 jg 142 ISSN 2196 7105 S2CID 97731438 See also EditHermann Mauguin notation Strukturbericht designation Werner FischerExternal links EditIUCr Structure Reports Online Biography at University of Marburg Carl Hermann his activity to save Jews lives at the Holocaust at Yad Vashem websiteReferences Edit a b Carl H Hermann www iucr org Retrieved 2022 07 24 Hermann F Mark Wilhelm Exner Medaillen Stiftung Retrieved 2022 07 24 Hermann C 1931 Die Symmetriegruppen der amorphen und mesomorphen Phasen Thesis in German Leipzig Akad Verlagsges OCLC 314002127 Carl Hermann Chemgapedia www chemgapedia de Retrieved 2022 07 24 Bragg W L 1931 09 26 Strukturbericht 1913 1928 Nature 128 3230 511 512 Bibcode 1931Natur 128 511B doi 10 1038 128511a0 ISSN 0028 0836 S2CID 4079798 Hermann C 1934 12 01 Tensoren und Kristallsymmetrie Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 89 1 6 32 48 doi 10 1524 zkri 1934 89 1 32 ISSN 2196 7105 S2CID 101051334 Gluge Rainer Assmus Marcus 2021 03 24 A systematic approach to reduce the independent tensor components by symmetry transformations a commented translation of Tensors and Crystal Symmetry by Carl Hermann Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics 33 4 1603 1620 Bibcode 2021CMT 33 1603G doi 10 1007 s00161 021 00978 5 ISSN 0935 1175 S2CID 233700594 Schwarzenberger R L E 1974 Crystallography in spaces of arbitrary dimension Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 76 1 23 32 Bibcode 1974PCPS 76 23S doi 10 1017 S0305004100048696 ISSN 0305 0041 S2CID 123077473 Burzlaff H Zimmermann H 2006 10 01 Hahn Th ed Point group symbols International Tables for Crystallography 1 ed Chester England International Union of Crystallography vol A pp 818 820 doi 10 1107 97809553602060000524 ISBN 978 0 7923 6590 7 retrieved 2022 07 24 The Carl Hermann medal www iucr org Retrieved 2022 07 24 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carl H Hermann amp oldid 1172404664, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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