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Carl Gröpler

Franz Friedrich Carl Gröpler (22 February 1868, Magdeburg – 30 January 1946, Magdeburg) was Royal Prussian executioner (German: Scharfrichter) from 1906 to 1937.[1] Responsible for carrying out capital punishment in the Prussian provinces, he executed at least 144 people,[1] primarily by beheading with an axe, but also with guillotines. Gröpler was one of the most famous executioners in Germany.

Life

Franz Friedrich Carl Gröpler was a child of the railway worker and service man Heinrich Gröpler and his wife Auguste, born Anton, in Magdeburg. He was first a musician, then spent five years as a postal worker. Gröpler learned the horse butcher's trade and business and ran a laundry in Magdeburg named Aegir.[2]

Executioner

He wore a traditional tailcoat, top hat, and white gloves.[3]

Gröpler was first assistant to the main Prussian executioner Lorenz Schwietz. When the Prussian executioner Alwin Engelhardt was dismissed in 1906, Gröpler took over his duties. Together with his successor Ernst Reindel [de], Gröpler was one of the last executioners in Germany performing executions by beheading with an axe. Depending on local circumstances he also operated the guillotine. Once Gröpler said before an execution to a prison officer: "Well, ... you passed an ugly night in the cell. Or don't you believe in God? I – yes! Otherwise I could not do that. Thou shalt not kill – who sheds blood, his blood shall be shed again – our laws are his (God's) laws –. In this knowledge I fulfill my duties."[4] The prison officer had been on death watch with a man condemned to death in his last night, discussing with him, prior to his decapitation, whether there was any sense in having a clergyman attending executions. Theodor Lessing nicknamed Gröpler (who had executed Fritz Haarmann in 1925) "the red judge".[5]

In April 1924 Gröpler signed a contract that made him the sole executioner in Northern Germany. In addition to a regular salary of 136 gold marks per month, he was paid 60 gold marks for every execution, and 50 gold marks were paid to each of his agents. At the end of the Weimar Republic, Gröpler had only a few execution orders. This only changed with the increasing number of executions since the takeover by the Nazis in 1933. Gröpler renewed his annual contract with a salary of 1,500 Reichsmarks per year and a fee of 50 Reichsmark per execution. That Gröpler performed the Nazi salute during the executions at each interim report earned him an admonition to refrain from such practices.[6]

On 2 July 1931 the 48-year-old German serial killer Peter Kürten, who once described himself as the Vampire of Düsseldorf and as a wild animal, was executed in the Cologne prison, Klingelpütz, with the Fallbeil (guillotine). The execution was carried out by Carl Gröpler. The Fallbeil, that he had brought with him from Magdeburg, had not been used for five years.[7] Time quoted on 13 July 1931: "Herr Groepler, a stolid individual whose profession forces him to lead a rather unsocial existence, left his cosy home in Magdeburg last week with a bag of tools and a coil of new rope. He took the train to the Prussian State Prison at Klingelpuetz, near Cologne. In the prison yard he disappeared into a dusty, dilapidated shed. Prisoners tense in their cells heard him hammering, hammering, filing metal all day long."[8]

One of the last executions with the axe were the executions of the Baroness Benita von Falkenhayn and her friend Renate von Natzmer. The two had been sentenced by the People's Court on charges of espionage and were beheaded by Gröpler on 18 February 1935 in Plötzensee Prison.[9][10]

Carl Gröpler is credited with at least 144 executions in his 30 years of service. In 1937, he was forced to retire. He was replaced by his assistant, the knacker Ernst Reindel from Gommern.

Death

In 1945, Carl Gröpler was arrested by the Soviet military at his residence in Magdeburg. The arrest was based presumably on the execution of four communists, which he had made in 1934 in Hamburg Remand Prison (cf. to the process, the executions and to its literary and cinematic processing: Heinrich Jauch (1894–1945), first prosecutor to Hamburg).[11] Gröpler died in custody on 30 January 1946.[1]

Notable executions

See also

Bibliography

  • Blazek, Matthias (2010). Scharfrichter in Preußen und im Deutschen Reich 1866–1945 (in German). ibidem, Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-8382-0107-8.
  • Evans, Richard J. (1996). Rituals of retribution. Capital punishment in Germany, 1600–1987 (in German). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-821968-7.
  • Blazek, Matthias (2009): Scharfrichter Carl Gröpler – der rote Richter. In: Matthias Blazek: Haarmann und Grans – Der Fall, die Beteiligten und die Presseberichterstattung. ibidem, Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-89821-967-9. (in German)
  • Blazek, Matthias (2011): "Der Magdeburger Scharfrichter Carl Gröpler – Ein Blick in die Geschichte der Magdeburger Kriminalgerichtsbarkeit", in: Magdeburger Kurier – Informationen für Bürger im aktiven Ruhestand, 18th year, February–September 2011. (in German)
  • Blazek, Matthias (2011): "Herr Staatsanwalt, das Urteil ist vollstreckt." Die Brüder Wilhelm und Friedrich Reindel: Scharfrichter im Dienste des Norddeutschen Bundes und Seiner Majestät 1843–1898. ibidem, Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-8382-0277-8. (in German)
  • Waltenbacher, Thomas (2008): Zentrale Hinrichtungsstätten. Der Vollzug der Todesstrafe in Deutschland von 1937–1945. Scharfrichter im Dritten Reich. Zwilling, Berlin. ISBN 978-3-00-024265-6. (in German)

External links

  • "Prussia's executioner, Max [sic] Groepler of Magdeburg, who for 23 years has wielded the ax in the name of justice, yesterday resigned his grim office". The Hammond Times, 18 December 1936.

Sources

References

  1. ^ a b c Blazek (2010).
  2. ^ Ebbinghaus, Angelika; Linne, Karsten, Kein abgeschlossenes Kapitel: Hamburg im Dritten Reich, Hamburg 1997, p. 335. Compare Todte, Mario, Die Hinrichtungen in Sachsen (1900–1981), p. 11, Hausarbeiten.de (Online-Resource, accessed 19 April 2014).
  3. ^ Blazek (2010), p. 63.
  4. ^ Goetz, Walter; Steinhausen, Georg (editors), Archiv für Kulturgeschichte, Cologne/Weimar 1976, p. 171.
  5. ^ Lessing, Theodor, Haarmann – Die Geschichte eines Werwolfs, introduced by Rainer Marwedel, Frankfurt 1989, 2nd ed.: 1996, p. 191.
  6. ^ Evans, Richard J., Rituals of Retribution: Capital Punishment in Germany 1600–1987, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  7. ^ Blazek (2010), p. 75.
  8. ^ "Germany: Napoleon's Gift". Time. 13 July 1931: 14.
  9. ^ . Time. 4 March 1935.
  10. ^ Cawthorne, Nigel (2006). "Abolition in Germany". Public Executions: From Ancient Rome to the Present Day. London: Arcturus Publishing Limited. Retrieved 19 April 2014. ISBN 9781848585126
  11. ^ Compare Jan Valtin, "Out of the Night" – Entry on the execution of four communists with an axe by Gröpler on 19 May 1934.
  12. ^ "Killer: Friedrich Schumann - the Mass Murderer of Falkenhagen Lake, Massenmörder vom Falkenhagener profiled on Killer.Cloud".
  13. ^ "Youngstown Vindicator - Google News Archive Search".

carl, gröpler, franz, friedrich, february, 1868, magdeburg, january, 1946, magdeburg, royal, prussian, executioner, german, scharfrichter, from, 1906, 1937, responsible, carrying, capital, punishment, prussian, provinces, executed, least, people, primarily, be. Franz Friedrich Carl Gropler 22 February 1868 Magdeburg 30 January 1946 Magdeburg was Royal Prussian executioner German Scharfrichter from 1906 to 1937 1 Responsible for carrying out capital punishment in the Prussian provinces he executed at least 144 people 1 primarily by beheading with an axe but also with guillotines Gropler was one of the most famous executioners in Germany Contents 1 Life 2 Executioner 3 Death 4 Notable executions 5 See also 5 1 Bibliography 6 External links 7 Sources 7 1 ReferencesLife EditFranz Friedrich Carl Gropler was a child of the railway worker and service man Heinrich Gropler and his wife Auguste born Anton in Magdeburg He was first a musician then spent five years as a postal worker Gropler learned the horse butcher s trade and business and ran a laundry in Magdeburg named Aegir 2 Executioner EditHe wore a traditional tailcoat top hat and white gloves 3 Gropler was first assistant to the main Prussian executioner Lorenz Schwietz When the Prussian executioner Alwin Engelhardt was dismissed in 1906 Gropler took over his duties Together with his successor Ernst Reindel de Gropler was one of the last executioners in Germany performing executions by beheading with an axe Depending on local circumstances he also operated the guillotine Once Gropler said before an execution to a prison officer Well you passed an ugly night in the cell Or don t you believe in God I yes Otherwise I could not do that Thou shalt not kill who sheds blood his blood shall be shed again our laws are his God s laws In this knowledge I fulfill my duties 4 The prison officer had been on death watch with a man condemned to death in his last night discussing with him prior to his decapitation whether there was any sense in having a clergyman attending executions Theodor Lessing nicknamed Gropler who had executed Fritz Haarmann in 1925 the red judge 5 In April 1924 Gropler signed a contract that made him the sole executioner in Northern Germany In addition to a regular salary of 136 gold marks per month he was paid 60 gold marks for every execution and 50 gold marks were paid to each of his agents At the end of the Weimar Republic Gropler had only a few execution orders This only changed with the increasing number of executions since the takeover by the Nazis in 1933 Gropler renewed his annual contract with a salary of 1 500 Reichsmarks per year and a fee of 50 Reichsmark per execution That Gropler performed the Nazi salute during the executions at each interim report earned him an admonition to refrain from such practices 6 On 2 July 1931 the 48 year old German serial killer Peter Kurten who once described himself as the Vampire of Dusseldorf and as a wild animal was executed in the Cologne prison Klingelputz with the Fallbeil guillotine The execution was carried out by Carl Gropler The Fallbeil that he had brought with him from Magdeburg had not been used for five years 7 Time quoted on 13 July 1931 Herr Groepler a stolid individual whose profession forces him to lead a rather unsocial existence left his cosy home in Magdeburg last week with a bag of tools and a coil of new rope He took the train to the Prussian State Prison at Klingelpuetz near Cologne In the prison yard he disappeared into a dusty dilapidated shed Prisoners tense in their cells heard him hammering hammering filing metal all day long 8 One of the last executions with the axe were the executions of the Baroness Benita von Falkenhayn and her friend Renate von Natzmer The two had been sentenced by the People s Court on charges of espionage and were beheaded by Gropler on 18 February 1935 in Plotzensee Prison 9 10 Carl Gropler is credited with at least 144 executions in his 30 years of service In 1937 he was forced to retire He was replaced by his assistant the knacker Ernst Reindel from Gommern Death EditIn 1945 Carl Gropler was arrested by the Soviet military at his residence in Magdeburg The arrest was based presumably on the execution of four communists which he had made in 1934 in Hamburg Remand Prison cf to the process the executions and to its literary and cinematic processing Heinrich Jauch 1894 1945 first prosecutor to Hamburg 11 Gropler died in custody on 30 January 1946 1 Notable executions Edit27 August 1921 Friedrich Schumann serial killer 12 15 April 1925 Fritz Haarmann serial killer 17 November 1925 Fritz Angerstein mass murderer 13 2 July 1931 Peter Kurten serial killer 18 February 1935 Benita von Falkenhayn and Renate von Natzmer spies 23 May 1936 Adolf Seefeldt serial killerSee also EditList of executioners Friedrich Schumann Fritz Haarmann Peter KurtenBibliography Edit Blazek Matthias 2010 Scharfrichter in Preussen und im Deutschen Reich 1866 1945 in German ibidem Stuttgart ISBN 978 3 8382 0107 8 Evans Richard J 1996 Rituals of retribution Capital punishment in Germany 1600 1987 in German Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 821968 7 Blazek Matthias 2009 Scharfrichter Carl Gropler der rote Richter In Matthias Blazek Haarmann und Grans Der Fall die Beteiligten und die Presseberichterstattung ibidem Stuttgart ISBN 978 3 89821 967 9 in German Blazek Matthias 2011 Der Magdeburger Scharfrichter Carl Gropler Ein Blick in die Geschichte der Magdeburger Kriminalgerichtsbarkeit in Magdeburger Kurier Informationen fur Burger im aktiven Ruhestand 18th year February September 2011 in German Blazek Matthias 2011 Herr Staatsanwalt das Urteil ist vollstreckt Die Bruder Wilhelm und Friedrich Reindel Scharfrichter im Dienste des Norddeutschen Bundes und Seiner Majestat 1843 1898 ibidem Stuttgart ISBN 978 3 8382 0277 8 in German Waltenbacher Thomas 2008 Zentrale Hinrichtungsstatten Der Vollzug der Todesstrafe in Deutschland von 1937 1945 Scharfrichter im Dritten Reich Zwilling Berlin ISBN 978 3 00 024265 6 in German External links Edit Prussia s executioner Max sic Groepler of Magdeburg who for 23 years has wielded the ax in the name of justice yesterday resigned his grim office The Hammond Times 18 December 1936 Sources EditReferences Edit a b c Blazek 2010 Ebbinghaus Angelika Linne Karsten Kein abgeschlossenes Kapitel Hamburg im Dritten Reich Hamburg 1997 p 335 Compare Todte Mario Die Hinrichtungen in Sachsen 1900 1981 p 11 Hausarbeiten de Online Resource accessed 19 April 2014 Blazek 2010 p 63 Goetz Walter Steinhausen Georg editors Archiv fur Kulturgeschichte Cologne Weimar 1976 p 171 Lessing Theodor Haarmann Die Geschichte eines Werwolfs introduced by Rainer Marwedel Frankfurt 1989 2nd ed 1996 p 191 Evans Richard J Rituals of Retribution Capital Punishment in Germany 1600 1987 New York NY Oxford University Press 1996 Blazek 2010 p 75 Germany Napoleon s Gift Time 13 July 1931 14 Stoogettes amp Neuter Time 4 March 1935 Cawthorne Nigel 2006 Abolition in Germany Public Executions From Ancient Rome to the Present Day London Arcturus Publishing Limited Retrieved 19 April 2014 ISBN 9781848585126 Compare Jan Valtin Out of the Night Entry on the execution of four communists with an axe by Gropler on 19 May 1934 Killer Friedrich Schumann the Mass Murderer of Falkenhagen Lake Massenmorder vom Falkenhagener profiled on Killer Cloud Youngstown Vindicator Google News Archive Search Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carl Gropler amp oldid 1147111733, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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