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Camille Chautemps

January 01, 1970

Camille Chautemps (1 February 1885 – 1 July 1963) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic, three times President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister).

Camille Chautemps
Chautemps c. 1930
Prime Minister of France
In office
22 June 1937 – 13 March 1938
PresidentAlbert Lebrun
Preceded byLéon Blum
Succeeded byLéon Blum
In office
26 November 1933 – 30 January 1934
PresidentAlbert Lebrun
Preceded byAlbert Sarraut
Succeeded byÉdouard Daladier
In office
21 February 1930 – 2 March 1930
PresidentGaston Doumergue
Preceded byAndré Tardieu
Succeeded byAndré Tardieu
Personal details
Born1 February 1885
Paris, France
Died1 July 1963(1963-07-01) (aged 78)
Washington, D.C., United States
Political partyRadical

He was the father-in-law of U.S. politician and statesman Howard J. Samuels.

Early life edit

Born into a family of Radical politicians, Camille Chautemps was a lawyer by training and a noted amateur rugby-player in his youth, playing for Tours Rugby and Stade Français. He was inducted into the Grand Orient of France (1906, master 1908),[1] quitting the Freemasons in August 1940 as anti-masonic regulation was adopted by Pétain.

Early career edit

He entered local politics in the fiefdom of his parliamentarian uncle, Alphonse Chautemps, and followed a political career path typical of many Radical-Socialists: first elected town councillor for Tours (1912), then mayor (1919–25), parliamentary deputy (1919–34) and senator (1934–40). Chautemps was considered one of the chief figures of the 'right' (anti-socialist and pro-liberal) wing of the centre-left Radical-Socialist Party. Between 1924 and 1926, he served in the centre-left coalition governments of Édouard Herriot, Paul Painlevé and Aristide Briand.

Twice prime minister edit

Renowned as a skilful negotiator with friends from across the party divide, he was called upon on several occasions to attempt to build support for a coalition of the centre-left. He first became President of the Council for a short-lived government in 1930. After the electoral victory of the left in 1934, he served as Interior Minister and became head of government once more in November 1933. The revelations of the Stavisky Affair, a corruption scandal, tarnished two of his ministers, sparking violent protests by the far-right leagues. He resigned his posts on 27 January 1934, when the opposition press attributed Stavisky's suicide to a government cover-up.[2]

Deputy Prime minister and last premiership edit

In Léon Blum's Popular Front government of 1936, Chautemps represented the Radical-Socialist Party as a Minister of State and succeeded Blum at the head of the government from June 1937 to March 1938. The franc was devalued, but government finances remained in difficulty.[3] Pursuing the program of the Popular Front, he proceeded in the nationalisation of the railroads to create the SNCF. However, in January 1938, he formed a new government consisting solely of ministers from the nonsocialist republican centre- left.[4] In February, he granted married women financial and legal independence (until then, wives had been dependent on their husbands to take action involving family finances) and allowed them to go to university and to open bank accounts. His government also repealed Article 213 of the code: "the husband owes protection to his wife, the wife obedience to the husband". However, the husband remained "head of the household" with "the right to choose the household’s place of residence".[5] His government fell on 10 March.[6]

Runup to World War II edit

Chautemps subsequently served from April 1938 to May 1940 as Deputy Prime Minister in the governments of Édouard Daladier and Paul Reynaud. After the latter resigned, as he was again deputy prime minister, now to Marshal Philippe Pétain.

World War II edit

France declared war on Germany in September 1939, and in May 1940, the German Army invaded and swept aside all opposition. With the fall of Dunkirk on 5 June and the defeat of the French Army imminent, Chautemps, dined with Paul Baudouin on the 8th, and declared that the war must be ended and that Pétain saw his position most clearly.[7] On the 11th, during a Cabinet meeting, Chautemps suggested for Churchill to be invited back to France to discuss the hopeless situation; he attended a conference at Tours on 13 June.[8] The Cabinet met again on the 15th and was almost evenly split on the question of an armistice with Germany. Chautemps now suggested that to break the deadlock, that they should get a neutral authority to enquire what the German terms would be, which if honourable, the Cabinet could agree to study. If not, the Cabinet would agree to fight on. The Chautemps proposal passed by 13 to 6.[9]

On 16 June, Charles de Gaulle, now in London, telephoned Reynaud to give him the British government's offer of joint nationality for French and British in a Franco-British union. A delighted Reynaud put it to a stormy Cabinet meeting and was supported by five of his ministers. Most of the others were persuaded against him by the arguments of Pétain, Chautemps and Jean Ybarnégaray, the last two seeing the offer as a device to make France subservient to Britain as an extra dominion. Georges Mandel, who had a Jewish background,[10] was flinging accusations of cowardice around the room, and Chautemps and others replied in kind. Reynaud clearly would not accept Chautemps's proposal and later resigned.[11]

Later life edit

On 10 July 1940, Chautemps voted as a Senator in favour of granting the cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. However, Chautemps broke with Pétain's government after he had arrived in the United States on an official mission and lived there for much of the rest of his life. After World War II, a French court convicted him in absentia for collaborating with the enemy;[12] he was amnestied in 1954.

After his death in Washington, DC, he was laid to rest in the Rock Creek Cemetery.

Chautemps's First Ministry, 21 February – 2 March 1930 edit

Chautemps's Second Ministry, 26 November 1933 – 30 January 1934 edit

Changes

  • 9 January 1934 – Lucien Lamoureux succeeds Dalimier as Minister of Colonies. Eugène Frot succeeds Lamoureux as Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions. William Bertrand succeeds Frot as Minister of Merchant Marine.

Chautemps's Third Ministry, 22 June 1937 – 18 January 1938 edit

Chautemps's Fourth Ministry, 18 January – 13 March 1938 edit

Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Justice
1925 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of France
1930 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of France
1933–1934 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of France
1937–1938 		Succeeded by

References edit

  1. ^ Dictionnaire universel de la Franc-Maçonnerie by Monique Cara and Jean-Marc Cara and Marc de Jode (ed. Larousse, 2011)
  2. ^ Williams, 2005, p.259.
  3. ^ Griffiths, Richard, Pétain, Constable, London, 1970, p.p.197, ISBN 0-09-455740-3
  4. ^ Griffiths, 1970, p.197.
  5. ^ [France since 1870: Culture, Politics and Society by Charles Sowerine]
  6. ^ Griffiths, 1970, p.197.
  7. ^ Griffiths, 1970, p.231.
  8. ^ Griffiths, 1970, p.235.
  9. ^ Griffiths, 1970, p.237.
  10. ^ Webster, Paul, Pétain's Crime, Pan Macmillan, London, 1990, p.40, ISBN 0-333-57301-3
  11. ^ Griffiths, 1970, p.239.
  12. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica

External links edit

  • Camille Chautemps papers, 20 feet housed at Stanford University Libraries
  • Newspaper clippings about Camille Chautemps in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

January 01, 1970
camille, chautemps, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 2. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Camille Chautemps news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message Camille Chautemps 1 February 1885 1 July 1963 was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic three times President of the Council of Ministers Prime Minister Camille ChautempsChautemps c 1930Prime Minister of FranceIn office 22 June 1937 13 March 1938PresidentAlbert LebrunPreceded byLeon BlumSucceeded byLeon BlumIn office 26 November 1933 30 January 1934PresidentAlbert LebrunPreceded byAlbert SarrautSucceeded byEdouard DaladierIn office 21 February 1930 2 March 1930PresidentGaston DoumerguePreceded byAndre TardieuSucceeded byAndre TardieuPersonal detailsBorn1 February 1885Paris FranceDied1 July 1963 1963 07 01 aged 78 Washington D C United StatesPolitical partyRadical He was the father in law of U S politician and statesman Howard J Samuels Contents 1 Early life 2 Early career 2 1 Twice prime minister 2 2 Deputy Prime minister and last premiership 2 3 Runup to World War II 3 World War II 4 Later life 5 Chautemps s First Ministry 21 February 2 March 1930 6 Chautemps s Second Ministry 26 November 1933 30 January 1934 7 Chautemps s Third Ministry 22 June 1937 18 January 1938 8 Chautemps s Fourth Ministry 18 January 13 March 1938 9 References 10 External linksEarly life editBorn into a family of Radical politicians Camille Chautemps was a lawyer by training and a noted amateur rugby player in his youth playing for Tours Rugby and Stade Francais He was inducted into the Grand Orient of France 1906 master 1908 1 quitting the Freemasons in August 1940 as anti masonic regulation was adopted by Petain Early career editHe entered local politics in the fiefdom of his parliamentarian uncle Alphonse Chautemps and followed a political career path typical of many Radical Socialists first elected town councillor for Tours 1912 then mayor 1919 25 parliamentary deputy 1919 34 and senator 1934 40 Chautemps was considered one of the chief figures of the right anti socialist and pro liberal wing of the centre left Radical Socialist Party Between 1924 and 1926 he served in the centre left coalition governments of Edouard Herriot Paul Painleve and Aristide Briand Twice prime minister edit Renowned as a skilful negotiator with friends from across the party divide he was called upon on several occasions to attempt to build support for a coalition of the centre left He first became President of the Council for a short lived government in 1930 After the electoral victory of the left in 1934 he served as Interior Minister and became head of government once more in November 1933 The revelations of the Stavisky Affair a corruption scandal tarnished two of his ministers sparking violent protests by the far right leagues He resigned his posts on 27 January 1934 when the opposition press attributed Stavisky s suicide to a government cover up 2 Deputy Prime minister and last premiership edit In Leon Blum s Popular Front government of 1936 Chautemps represented the Radical Socialist Party as a Minister of State and succeeded Blum at the head of the government from June 1937 to March 1938 The franc was devalued but government finances remained in difficulty 3 Pursuing the program of the Popular Front he proceeded in the nationalisation of the railroads to create the SNCF However in January 1938 he formed a new government consisting solely of ministers from the nonsocialist republican centre left 4 In February he granted married women financial and legal independence until then wives had been dependent on their husbands to take action involving family finances and allowed them to go to university and to open bank accounts His government also repealed Article 213 of the code the husband owes protection to his wife the wife obedience to the husband However the husband remained head of the household with the right to choose the household s place of residence 5 His government fell on 10 March 6 Runup to World War II edit Chautemps subsequently served from April 1938 to May 1940 as Deputy Prime Minister in the governments of Edouard Daladier and Paul Reynaud After the latter resigned as he was again deputy prime minister now to Marshal Philippe Petain World War II editFrance declared war on Germany in September 1939 and in May 1940 the German Army invaded and swept aside all opposition With the fall of Dunkirk on 5 June and the defeat of the French Army imminent Chautemps dined with Paul Baudouin on the 8th and declared that the war must be ended and that Petain saw his position most clearly 7 On the 11th during a Cabinet meeting Chautemps suggested for Churchill to be invited back to France to discuss the hopeless situation he attended a conference at Tours on 13 June 8 The Cabinet met again on the 15th and was almost evenly split on the question of an armistice with Germany Chautemps now suggested that to break the deadlock that they should get a neutral authority to enquire what the German terms would be which if honourable the Cabinet could agree to study If not the Cabinet would agree to fight on The Chautemps proposal passed by 13 to 6 9 On 16 June Charles de Gaulle now in London telephoned Reynaud to give him the British government s offer of joint nationality for French and British in a Franco British union A delighted Reynaud put it to a stormy Cabinet meeting and was supported by five of his ministers Most of the others were persuaded against him by the arguments of Petain Chautemps and Jean Ybarnegaray the last two seeing the offer as a device to make France subservient to Britain as an extra dominion Georges Mandel who had a Jewish background 10 was flinging accusations of cowardice around the room and Chautemps and others replied in kind Reynaud clearly would not accept Chautemps s proposal and later resigned 11 Later life editOn 10 July 1940 Chautemps voted as a Senator in favour of granting the cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Petain authority to draw up a new constitution thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France However Chautemps broke with Petain s government after he had arrived in the United States on an official mission and lived there for much of the rest of his life After World War II a French court convicted him in absentia for collaborating with the enemy 12 he was amnestied in 1954 After his death in Washington DC he was laid to rest in the Rock Creek Cemetery Chautemps s First Ministry 21 February 2 March 1930 editCamille Chautemps Radical President of the Council and Minister of the Interior Aristide Briand PRS Minister of Foreign Affairs Rene Besnard Radical Minister of War Charles Dumont AD Minister of Finance Maurice Palmade Radical Minister of Budget Louis Loucheur RI Minister of Labour Hygiene Welfare Work and Social Security Provisions Theodore Steeg Radical Minister of Justice Albert Sarraut Radical Minister of Marine Charles Danielou RI Minister of Merchant Marine Laurent Eynac RI Minister of Air Jean Durand Radical Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts Claudius Gallet Minister of Pensions Henri Queuille Radical Minister of Agriculture Lucien Lamoureux Radical Minister of Colonies Edouard Daladier Radical Minister of Public Works Julien Durand Radical Minister of Posts Telegraphs and Telephones Georges Bonnet Radical Minister of Commerce and IndustryChautemps s Second Ministry 26 November 1933 30 January 1934 editCamille Chautemps President of the Council and Minister of the Interior Radical Socialist Party Joseph Paul Boncour Minister of Foreign Affairs Edouard Daladier Minister of War Georges Bonnet Minister of Finance Paul Marchandeau Minister of Budget Lucien Lamoureux Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions Eugene Raynaldy Minister of Justice Albert Sarraut Minister of Marine Eugene Frot Minister of Merchant Marine Pierre Cot Minister of Air Anatole de Monzie Minister of National Education Hippolyte Ducos Minister of Pensions Henri Queuille Minister of Agriculture Albert Dalimier Minister of Colonies Joseph Paganon Minister of Public Works Alexandre Israel Minister of Public Health Jean Mistler Minister of Posts Telegraphs and Telephones Laurent Eynac Minister of Commerce and Industry Changes 9 January 1934 Lucien Lamoureux succeeds Dalimier as Minister of Colonies Eugene Frot succeeds Lamoureux as Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions William Bertrand succeeds Frot as Minister of Merchant Marine Chautemps s Third Ministry 22 June 1937 18 January 1938 editCamille Chautemps President of the Council Radical Socialist Party Leon Blum Vice President of the Council French Section of the Workers International SFIO Yvon Delbos Minister of Foreign Affairs Radical Socialist Party Edouard Daladier Minister of National Defense and War Radical Socialist Party Marx Dormoy Minister of the Interior SFIO Georges Bonnet Minister of Finance Radical Socialist Party Andre Fevrier Minister of Labour SFIO Vincent Auriol Minister of Justice SFIO Cesar Campinchi Minister of Marine Radical Socialist Party Pierre Cot Minister of Air Radical Socialist Party Jean Zay Minister of National Education Radical Socialist Party Albert Riviere Minister of Pensions SFIO Georges Monnet Minister of Agriculture Radical Socialist Party Marius Moutet Minister of Colonies SFIO Henri Queuille Minister of Public Works Radical Socialist Party Marc Rucart Minister of Public Health Radical Socialist Party Jean Baptiste Lebas Minister of Posts Telegraphs and Telephones SFIO Fernand Chapsal Minister of Commerce Paul Faure Minister of State SFIO Maurice Viollette Minister of State usr Albert Sarraut Minister of State Radical Socialist Party Leo Lagrange Under Secretary of State for the Sports the Leisure activities and the Physical Education i e acting like Minister for the Sports SFIOChautemps s Fourth Ministry 18 January 13 March 1938 editCamille Chautemps President of the Council Radical Socialist Party Edouard Daladier Vice President of the Council and Minister of National Defense and War Yvon Delbos Minister of Foreign Affairs Albert Sarraut Minister of the Interior Paul Marchandeau Minister of Finance Paul Ramadier Minister of Labour Cesar Campinchi Minister of Justice William Bertrand Minister of Military Marine Paul Elbel Minister of Merchant Marine Guy La Chambre Minister of Air Jean Zay Minister of National Education Robert Lassalle Minister of Pensions Fernand Chapsal Minister of Agriculture Theodore Steeg Minister of Colonies Henri Queuille Minister of Public Works Marc Rucart Minister of Public Health Fernand Gentin Minister of Posts Telegraphs and Telephones Pierre Cot Minister of Commerce Georges Bonnet Minister of State Ludovic Oscar Frossard Minister of State in charge of the Services of the Presidency of the Council Political offices Preceded byAnatole de Monzie Minister of Justice1925 Succeeded byRene Renoult Preceded byAndre Tardieu Prime Minister of France1930 Succeeded byAndre Tardieu Preceded byAlbert Sarraut Prime Minister of France1933 1934 Succeeded byEdouard Daladier Preceded byLeon Blum Prime Minister of France1937 1938 Succeeded byLeon BlumReferences edit Dictionnaire universel de la Franc Maconnerie by Monique Cara and Jean Marc Cara and Marc de Jode ed Larousse 2011 Williams 2005 p 259 Griffiths Richard Petain Constable London 1970 p p 197 ISBN 0 09 455740 3 Griffiths 1970 p 197 France since 1870 Culture Politics and Society by Charles Sowerine Griffiths 1970 p 197 Griffiths 1970 p 231 Griffiths 1970 p 235 Griffiths 1970 p 237 Webster Paul Petain s Crime Pan Macmillan London 1990 p 40 ISBN 0 333 57301 3 Griffiths 1970 p 239 Encyclopaedia BritannicaExternal links editCamille Chautemps papers 20 feet housed at Stanford University Libraries Newspaper clippings about Camille Chautemps in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Camille Chautemps amp oldid 1221775436, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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