The Gough–Joule effect (a.k.a. Gow–Joule effect) is originally the tendency of elastomers to contract when heated if they are under tension. Elastomers that are not under tension do not see this effect. The term is also used more generally to refer to the dependence of the temperature of any solid on the mechanical deformation.[1] This effect can be observed in nylon strings of classical guitars, whereby the string contracts as a result of heating.[2]
If an elastic band is first stretched and then subjected to heating, it will shrink rather than expand. This effect was first observed by John Gough in 1802, and was investigated further by James Joule in the 1850s, when it then became known as the Gough–Joule effect.[3][4] Examples in Literature:
Popular Science magazine, January 1972: "A stretched piece of rubber contracts when heated. In doing so, it exerts a measurable increase in its pull. This surprising property of rubber was first observed by James Prescott Joule about a hundred years ago and is known as the Joule effect."[5]
Rubber as an Engineering Material (book), by Khairi Nagdi: "The Joule effect is a phenomenon of practical importance that must be considered by machine designers. The simplest way of demonstrating this effect is to suspend a weight on a rubber band sufficient to elongate it at least 50%. When the stretched rubber band is warmed up by an infrared lamp, it does not elongate because of thermal expansion, as may be expected, but it retracts and lifts the weight."[6]
The effect is important in O-ring seal design, where the seals can be mounted in a peripherally compressed state in hot applications to prolong life.[7] The effect is also relevant to rotary seals which can bind if the seal shrinks due to overheating.
References
^Truesdell, Noll (2004). The non-linear theories of mechanics. Springer. pp. 360. ISBN978-3-540-02779-9.
^"The Structure of the Classical Guitar：Classical guitars are great for this - Musical Instrument Guide - Yamaha Corporation". www.yamaha.com. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
^. Yale University. 1998-10-06. Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
gough, joule, effect, joule, effect, originally, tendency, elastomers, contract, when, heated, they, under, tension, elastomers, that, under, tension, this, effect, term, also, used, more, generally, refer, dependence, temperature, solid, mechanical, deformati. The Gough Joule effect a k a Gow Joule effect is originally the tendency of elastomers to contract when heated if they are under tension Elastomers that are not under tension do not see this effect The term is also used more generally to refer to the dependence of the temperature of any solid on the mechanical deformation 1 This effect can be observed in nylon strings of classical guitars whereby the string contracts as a result of heating 2 If an elastic band is first stretched and then subjected to heating it will shrink rather than expand This effect was first observed by John Gough in 1802 and was investigated further by James Joule in the 1850s when it then became known as the Gough Joule effect 3 4 Examples in Literature Popular Science magazine January 1972 A stretched piece of rubber contracts when heated In doing so it exerts a measurable increase in its pull This surprising property of rubber was first observed by James Prescott Joule about a hundred years ago and is known as the Joule effect 5 Rubber as an Engineering Material book by Khairi Nagdi The Joule effect is a phenomenon of practical importance that must be considered by machine designers The simplest way of demonstrating this effect is to suspend a weight on a rubber band sufficient to elongate it at least 50 When the stretched rubber band is warmed up by an infrared lamp it does not elongate because of thermal expansion as may be expected but it retracts and lifts the weight 6 The effect is important in O ring seal design where the seals can be mounted in a peripherally compressed state in hot applications to prolong life 7 The effect is also relevant to rotary seals which can bind if the seal shrinks due to overheating References Edit Truesdell Noll 2004 The non linear theories of mechanics Springer pp 360 ISBN 978 3 540 02779 9 The Structure of the Classical Guitar Classical guitars are great for this Musical Instrument Guide Yamaha Corporation www yamaha com Retrieved 2020 07 29 John Gough and his Observation of Rubber Thermodynamics Yale University 1998 10 06 Archived from the original on 2011 06 07 Retrieved 2009 07 19 Loadman John 2005 Tears of the Tree The Story of Rubber A Modern Marvel Oxford University Press p 165 ISBN 978 0 19 856840 7 Kouhoupt Rudy January 1972 Heat Runs Popular Science Retrieved 2009 07 20 Nagdi Khairi 1992 Rubber as an Engineering Material Hanser Verlag pp 33 34 ISBN 978 3 446 16282 2 Martini Leonard J 1984 Practical Seal Design P 233 CRC ISBN 978 0824771669 External links EditO ring Gland design notes PSP Inc A solar power science project using the Gow Joule effect Material Ease Elastomeric Seals 101 A Brief Tutorial PDF The AMPTIAC Quarterly Volume 8 Number 2 Archived from the original PDF on 2006 05 19 Retrieved 2011 04 07 O Ring Design amp Materials Guide Gough Joule Effect R L Hudson amp Company Archived from the original on 2011 07 15 Retrieved 2011 04 07 This condensed matter physics related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gough Joule effect amp oldid 997347198, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
