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Bárid mac Ímair

February 18, 2023

Bárid mac Ímar (also referred to as Baraid or Bardur Ivarsson); Old Norse: Bárðr [ˈbɑːrðz̠] or Bárǫðr [ˈbɑːrˌɔðz̠]; d. 881) was a ninth-century King of Dublin. He was a son of Ivar (Ímar) Ragnarsson and a member of the Uí Ímair.

Bárid mac Ímar
King of Dublin
Reign873–881
PredecessorÍmar
SuccessorSichfrith mac Ímair
Died881
Dublin
IssueÍmar ua Ímair
DynastyUí Ímair
FatherÍmar

Biography

The earliest mention of Bárid in the Irish Annals is in part of a saga embedded within the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland.[nb 1][2] In this entry, dated 867, Bárid is named as a Jarl of Lochlann[nb 2] who, along with a Jarl Háimar was ambushed by men of Connacht.[4] Bárid is mentioned again by a saga element within the Fragmentary Annals in 872, when he is said to have raided Moylurg and the islands of Lough Ree.[5] This saga element also says that Bárid fostered a son of Áed Findliath, overking of the Northern Uí Néill. The sagas are usually considered of dubious historical value, but this particular element draws upon earlier written accounts, and there is much evidence for later links between the descendants of Áed Findliath and the Uí Ímair.[6] Fosterage was used in Ireland as a means of strengthening ties between different ruling families, and it is possible Bárid may have tried to integrate himself with the Irish political elite.[6]

Bárid is mentioned by the Annals of Inisfallen in 873 which say:

Bárid with a great fleet from Áth Cliath [went] by sea westwards, and he plundered Ciarraige Luachra under ground, i.e., the raiding of the caves.[7]

Downham suggests this raid was undertaken as a show of strength; it occurred shortly after the death of Ímar, with Bárid probably succeeding him as King of Dublin.[6] Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib names a son of Amlaíb, most likely Oistin, as raiding with him.[nb 3][8] It has been suggested that Bárid and his cousin Oistin ruled together as co-kings following the death of Ímar.[9]

According to the Annals of Ulster, in 875 Oistin was "deceitfully" killed by "Albann", a figure generally agreed to be Halfdan Ragnarsson, supposed son of the legendary Viking Ragnar Lodbrok.[nb 4][11] Halfdan is sometimes considered a brother of Ímar, and this conflict may have been an attempt by Halfdan to claim Dublin for his own.[10] It seems he was not successful in pressing his claim, but he tried to take Dublin again in 877, and he fell in battle against an army of "fair foreigners" at the Battle of Strangford Lough.[12] Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib identifies Bárid as the leader of the "fair foreigners", and as being wounded "so that he was lame ever after".[8]

The next mention of Bárid in the annals comes in 881, when the Annals of Ulster, the Annals of the Four Masters, and the Chronicon Scotorum describe his death; he was killed and burnt in Dublin shortly after raiding Duleek.[2] The annals attribute his death to a miracle of Saint Cianán.[13]

Family

Bárid's father is identified by the Chronicon Scotorum as Ímar, King of Dublin until his death in 873.[14] Ímar is sometimes identified with Ivar the Boneless, son of the legendary Viking Ragnar Lodbrok.[15] The same entry identifies him as "the head of the Northmen". The known brothers of Bárid were Sichfrith (died 888) and Sitriuc (died 896).[16]

Bárid is identified as the father of Uathmarán, who bore an Irish name derived from the Irish word "uathmar", meaning ‘awesome’, perhaps in an attempt to associate with the Irish political elite.[17] Bárid may also be identified as the father of Eloir mac Báirid (died 891), and the grandfather of the unnamed son of Uathmarán mac Bárid (fl. 921).[2] This unnamed man may be identical to Sichfrith mac Uathmaráin (fl. 932).[18] It is uncertain whether Bárid was the father of the unnamed son of Bárid (mac Bárid in the original Old Irish) who plundered Cill Clethi in 937. This unnamed man may be identical to Aric mac Báirith (died 937).[19] Likewise, it is uncertain if Bárid was the father of Colla mac Báirid (fl. 924).[20] Any or all of the aforementioned Aric, Colla, and the unnamed son of Bárid, could have been sons of Bárid mac Oitir (died 914), not Bárid mac Ímair.[21]

Notes

  1. ^ The Fragmentary Annals were written several hundred years after the events they describe, and are considered less reliable than earlier annals such as the Annals of Ulster which may have served, along with historically dubious sagas, as partial sources for the Fragmentary Annals.[1]
  2. ^ "Lochlann" is believed to refer to Viking-controlled Scotland and Man, though in later times it came to mean Norway.[3]
  3. ^ For a discussion of the historical value of Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib see Ní Mhaonaigh.
  4. ^ The historicity of Ragnar is uncertain and the identification of Ragnar as the father of Halfdan is not to be relied upon.[10]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Radner, p. 322–325
  2. ^ a b c Downham, p. 247
  3. ^ Ó Corrain, pp. 14–24; Helle, p. 204
  4. ^ Downham, p. 247; Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, § 350
  5. ^ Downham, p. 247; Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, § 408
  6. ^ a b c Downham, p. 24
  7. ^ Annals of Inisfallen, s.a. 873
  8. ^ a b Sigurðsson and Bolton, p. 36; Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib, § 25
  9. ^ Sigurðsson and Bolton, p. 36–37
  10. ^ a b Costambeys
  11. ^ South p. 87; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 875
  12. ^ Downham, p. 24; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 877
  13. ^ Downham, p. 247; Annals of the Four Masters, s.a. 881; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 881; Chronicon Scotorum, s.a. 881
  14. ^ Downham, p. 247; Chronicon Scotorum, s.a. 881
  15. ^ Woolf, p. 95
  16. ^ Downham, pp. 28 fig. 5, 259
  17. ^ Downham, p. 25
  18. ^ Downham, pp. 264, 269
  19. ^ Downham, pp. 245, 247, 263
  20. ^ Downham, pp. 247, 250
  21. ^ Downham pp. 245, 247, 263

Primary Sources

  • "Annals of the Four Masters". Corpus of Electronic Texts (16 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  • "Annals of Inisfallen". Corpus of Electronic Texts (16 February 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  • "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  • "Chronicon Scotorum". Corpus of Electronic Texts (24 March 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  • Todd, JH, ed. (1867). Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  • "Fragmentary Annals of Ireland". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2014.

Secondary Sources

  • Costambeys, Marios (2004). "Hálfdan (d. 877)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49260. Retrieved 20 December 2014. Subscription or UK public library membership required.
  • Downham, Clare (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0.
  • Helle, Knut, ed. (2003). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Volume 1: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47299-9.
  • Ní Mhaonaigh, Máire (1996). "Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib and the annals: a comparison". Ériu. 47: 101–126. JSTOR 30007439.
  • Ó Corrain, Donnchad (1998). "The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century" (PDF). Peritia. 12: 296–339. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.334.
  • Radner, Joan. (PDF). Celtica. 23: 312–325. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015.
  • Sigurðsson, Jón Viðar; Bolton, Timothy, eds. (29 November 2013). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages 800-1200. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8.
  • South, Ted Johnson (2002). Historia de Sancto Cuthberto. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-0-85991-627-1.
  • Woolf, Alex (2007). From Pictland to Alba: 789 - 1070. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1234-5.

External links

  • CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork. The Corpus of Electronic Texts includes the Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters, the Chronicon Scotorum and the Book of Leinster as well as Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress.

February 18, 2023
bárid, Ímair, bárid, Ímar, also, referred, baraid, bardur, ivarsson, norse, bárðr, ˈbɑːrðz, bárǫðr, ˈbɑːrˌɔðz, ninth, century, king, dublin, ivar, Ímar, ragnarsson, member, Ímair, bárid, Ímarking, dublinreign873, 881predecessorÍmarsuccessorsichfrith, Ímairdied. Barid mac Imar also referred to as Baraid or Bardur Ivarsson Old Norse Bardr ˈbɑːrdz or Barǫdr ˈbɑːrˌɔdz d 881 was a ninth century King of Dublin He was a son of Ivar Imar Ragnarsson and a member of the Ui Imair Barid mac ImarKing of DublinReign873 881PredecessorImarSuccessorSichfrith mac ImairDied881DublinIssueImar ua ImairDynastyUi ImairFatherImar Contents 1 Biography 2 Family 3 Notes 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 Primary Sources 4 3 Secondary Sources 5 External linksBiography EditThe earliest mention of Barid in the Irish Annals is in part of a saga embedded within the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland nb 1 2 In this entry dated 867 Barid is named as a Jarl of Lochlann nb 2 who along with a Jarl Haimar was ambushed by men of Connacht 4 Barid is mentioned again by a saga element within the Fragmentary Annals in 872 when he is said to have raided Moylurg and the islands of Lough Ree 5 This saga element also says that Barid fostered a son of Aed Findliath overking of the Northern Ui Neill The sagas are usually considered of dubious historical value but this particular element draws upon earlier written accounts and there is much evidence for later links between the descendants of Aed Findliath and the Ui Imair 6 Fosterage was used in Ireland as a means of strengthening ties between different ruling families and it is possible Barid may have tried to integrate himself with the Irish political elite 6 Barid is mentioned by the Annals of Inisfallen in 873 which say Barid with a great fleet from Ath Cliath went by sea westwards and he plundered Ciarraige Luachra under ground i e the raiding of the caves 7 Downham suggests this raid was undertaken as a show of strength it occurred shortly after the death of Imar with Barid probably succeeding him as King of Dublin 6 Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib names a son of Amlaib most likely Oistin as raiding with him nb 3 8 It has been suggested that Barid and his cousin Oistin ruled together as co kings following the death of Imar 9 According to the Annals of Ulster in 875 Oistin was deceitfully killed by Albann a figure generally agreed to be Halfdan Ragnarsson supposed son of the legendary Viking Ragnar Lodbrok nb 4 11 Halfdan is sometimes considered a brother of Imar and this conflict may have been an attempt by Halfdan to claim Dublin for his own 10 It seems he was not successful in pressing his claim but he tried to take Dublin again in 877 and he fell in battle against an army of fair foreigners at the Battle of Strangford Lough 12 Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib identifies Barid as the leader of the fair foreigners and as being wounded so that he was lame ever after 8 The next mention of Barid in the annals comes in 881 when the Annals of Ulster the Annals of the Four Masters and the Chronicon Scotorum describe his death he was killed and burnt in Dublin shortly after raiding Duleek 2 The annals attribute his death to a miracle of Saint Cianan 13 Family EditBarid s father is identified by the Chronicon Scotorum as Imar King of Dublin until his death in 873 14 Imar is sometimes identified with Ivar the Boneless son of the legendary Viking Ragnar Lodbrok 15 The same entry identifies him as the head of the Northmen The known brothers of Barid were Sichfrith died 888 and Sitriuc died 896 16 Barid is identified as the father of Uathmaran who bore an Irish name derived from the Irish word uathmar meaning awesome perhaps in an attempt to associate with the Irish political elite 17 Barid may also be identified as the father of Eloir mac Bairid died 891 and the grandfather of the unnamed son of Uathmaran mac Barid fl 921 2 This unnamed man may be identical to Sichfrith mac Uathmarain fl 932 18 It is uncertain whether Barid was the father of the unnamed son of Barid mac Barid in the original Old Irish who plundered Cill Clethi in 937 This unnamed man may be identical to Aric mac Bairith died 937 19 Likewise it is uncertain if Barid was the father of Colla mac Bairid fl 924 20 Any or all of the aforementioned Aric Colla and the unnamed son of Barid could have been sons of Barid mac Oitir died 914 not Barid mac Imair 21 Notes Edit The Fragmentary Annals were written several hundred years after the events they describe and are considered less reliable than earlier annals such as the Annals of Ulster which may have served along with historically dubious sagas as partial sources for the Fragmentary Annals 1 Lochlann is believed to refer to Viking controlled Scotland and Man though in later times it came to mean Norway 3 For a discussion of the historical value of Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib see Ni Mhaonaigh The historicity of Ragnar is uncertain and the identification of Ragnar as the father of Halfdan is not to be relied upon 10 References EditCitations Edit Radner p 322 325 a b c Downham p 247 o Corrain pp 14 24 Helle p 204 Downham p 247 Fragmentary Annals of Ireland 350 Downham p 247 Fragmentary Annals of Ireland 408 a b c Downham p 24 Annals of Inisfallen s a 873 a b Sigurdsson and Bolton p 36 Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib 25 Sigurdsson and Bolton p 36 37 a b Costambeys South p 87 Annals of Ulster s a 875 Downham p 24 Annals of Ulster s a 877 Downham p 247 Annals of the Four Masters s a 881 Annals of Ulster s a 881 Chronicon Scotorum s a 881 Downham p 247 Chronicon Scotorum s a 881 Woolf p 95 Downham pp 28 fig 5 259 Downham p 25 Downham pp 264 269 Downham pp 245 247 263 Downham pp 247 250 Downham pp 245 247 263 Primary Sources Edit Annals of the Four Masters Corpus of Electronic Texts 16 December 2013 ed University College Cork 2013 Retrieved 23 November 2014 Annals of Inisfallen Corpus of Electronic Texts 16 February 2010 ed University College Cork 2010 Retrieved 1 January 2015 The Annals of Ulster Corpus of Electronic Texts 15 August 2012 ed University College Cork 2012 Retrieved 23 November 2014 Chronicon Scotorum Corpus of Electronic Texts 24 March 2010 ed University College Cork 2010 Retrieved 26 November 2014 Todd JH ed 1867 Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill London Longmans Green Reader and Dyer Accessed via Internet Archive Fragmentary Annals of Ireland Corpus of Electronic Texts 5 September 2008 ed University College Cork 2008 Retrieved 29 November 2014 Secondary Sources Edit Costambeys Marios 2004 Halfdan d 877 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 49260 Retrieved 20 December 2014 Subscription or UK public library membership required Downham Clare 2007 Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland The Dynasty of Ivarr to A D 1014 Edinburgh Dunedin Academic Press ISBN 978 1 903765 89 0 Helle Knut ed 2003 The Cambridge History of Scandinavia Volume 1 Prehistory to 1520 Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 47299 9 Ni Mhaonaigh Maire 1996 Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib and the annals a comparison Eriu 47 101 126 JSTOR 30007439 o Corrain Donnchad 1998 The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century PDF Peritia 12 296 339 doi 10 1484 J Peri 3 334 Radner Joan Writing history Early Irish historiography and the significance of form PDF Celtica 23 312 325 Archived from the original PDF on 23 September 2015 Sigurdsson Jon Vidar Bolton Timothy eds 29 November 2013 Celtic Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages 800 1200 Brill ISBN 978 90 04 25512 8 South Ted Johnson 2002 Historia de Sancto Cuthberto Boydell amp Brewer ISBN 978 0 85991 627 1 Woolf Alex 2007 From Pictland to Alba 789 1070 Edinburgh University Press ISBN 978 0 7486 1234 5 External links EditCELT Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork The Corpus of Electronic Texts includes the Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters the Chronicon Scotorum and the Book of Leinster as well as Genealogies and various Saints Lives Most are translated into English or translations are in progress Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Barid mac Imair amp oldid 1109608611, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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