Butyrivibrio is a genus of bacteria in Class Clostridia. Bacteria of this genus are common in the gastrointestinal systems of many animals. Genus Butyrivibrio was first described by Bryant and Small (1956) as anaerobic, butyric acid-producing, curved rods (or vibroids). Butyrivibrio cells are small, typically 0.4 – 0.6 µm by 2 – 5 µm. They are motile, using a single polar or subpolar monotrichous flagellum. They are commonly found singly or in short chains but it is not unusual for them to form long chains. Despite historically being described as Gram-negative,[2] their cell walls contain derivatives of teichoic acid,[3] and electron microscopy indicates that bacteria of this genus have a Gram-positive cell wall type.[3][4] It is thought that they appear Gram-negative when Gram stained because their cell walls thin to 12 to 18 nm as they reach stationary phase.[4]
Butyrivibrio species are common in the rumens of ruminant animals such as cows, deer and sheep, where they are involved in a number of ruminal functions of agricultural importance in addition to butyrate production.[5] These include fibre degradation, protein breakdown, biohydrogenation of lipids and the production of microbial inhibitors.[6][7][8][9][10] Of particular importance to ruminant digestion, and therefore productivity, is their contribution to the degradation of plant structural carbohydrates, principally hemicellulose.[9][11]
Butyrivibrio species are metabolically versatile and are able to ferment a wide range of sugars[12] and cellodextrins.[13] Some strains have been reported to break down cellulose,[14] although their ability to sustain growth on cellulose appears to be lost during in vitro culturing. Most isolates are amylolytic[15] and are able to degrade xylan by producing xylanolytic[16][17] and esterase enzymes.[18][19] The induction of xylanase enzymes varies between strains; in group D1 strains (49, H17c, 12) xylanase expression appears to be constitutively expressed, while groups B1 (113) and C (CF3) are induced only by growth on xylan, and those of group B2 are induced by growth on xylan or arabinose.[20]
A number of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases (GH) have been identified in Butyrivibrio species including endocellulase (GH family 5 and 9); β-Glucosidase (GH family 3); endoxylanase (GH family 10 and 11); β-Xylosidase (GH family 43); and α-Amylase (GH family 13) enzymes. Several carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) have also been identified that are predicted to bind glycogen (CBM family 48); xylan or chitin (CBM family 2); and starch (CBM family 26).[21][22]
The genus Butyrivibrio encompasses over 60 strains that were originally confined to the species Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens based on their phenotypic and metabolic characteristics. However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences has divided the genus Butyrivibrio into six families.[23] These families include the rumen isolates Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, B. hungateii, B. proteoclasticus, Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans, and P. ruminis and the human isolate B. crossotus. The families B. fibrisolvens, B. crossotus, B. hungateii as well as B. proteoclasticus all belong to the Clostridium sub-cluster XIVa.[24]
^BRYANT MP; SMALL N (1956). "The anaerobic monotrichous butyric acid-producing curved rod-shaped bacteria of the rumen". Journal of Bacteriology. 72 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1128/JB.72.1.16-21.1956. PMC289715. PMID 13345769.
^ abCheng, K. J.; Costerton, J. W. (1977). "Ultrastructure of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens: A gram-positive bacterium". Journal of Bacteriology. 129 (3): 1506–12. doi:10.1128/JB.129.3.1506-1512.1977. PMC235129. PMID 845122.
Palevich, N. (2016). Comparative genomics of Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio from the rumen : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology and Genetics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/9992 or http://hdl.handle.net/10179/9992
April 11, 2024
butyrivibrio, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, august, 2010,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Butyrivibrio news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is Properly structure article Update references to wikipedia standards Please help improve this article if you can October 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Butyrivibrio is a genus of bacteria in Class Clostridia Bacteria of this genus are common in the gastrointestinal systems of many animals Genus Butyrivibrio was first described by Bryant and Small 1956 as anaerobic butyric acid producing curved rods or vibroids Butyrivibrio cells are small typically 0 4 0 6 µm by 2 5 µm They are motile using a single polar or subpolar monotrichous flagellum They are commonly found singly or in short chains but it is not unusual for them to form long chains Despite historically being described as Gram negative 2 their cell walls contain derivatives of teichoic acid 3 and electron microscopy indicates that bacteria of this genus have a Gram positive cell wall type 3 4 It is thought that they appear Gram negative when Gram stained because their cell walls thin to 12 to 18 nm as they reach stationary phase 4 ButyrivibrioScientific classificationDomain BacteriaPhylum BacillotaClass ClostridiaOrder EubacterialesFamily LachnospiraceaeGenus ButyrivibrioBryant and Small 1956 SpeciesB crossotus 1 B fibrisolvens 1 B hungatei 1 B proteoclasticus 1 Butyrivibrio species are common in the rumens of ruminant animals such as cows deer and sheep where they are involved in a number of ruminal functions of agricultural importance in addition to butyrate production 5 These include fibre degradation protein breakdown biohydrogenation of lipids and the production of microbial inhibitors 6 7 8 9 10 Of particular importance to ruminant digestion and therefore productivity is their contribution to the degradation of plant structural carbohydrates principally hemicellulose 9 11 Butyrivibrio species are metabolically versatile and are able to ferment a wide range of sugars 12 and cellodextrins 13 Some strains have been reported to break down cellulose 14 although their ability to sustain growth on cellulose appears to be lost during in vitro culturing Most isolates are amylolytic 15 and are able to degrade xylan by producing xylanolytic 16 17 and esterase enzymes 18 19 The induction of xylanase enzymes varies between strains in group D1 strains 49 H17c 12 xylanase expression appears to be constitutively expressed while groups B1 113 and C CF3 are induced only by growth on xylan and those of group B2 are induced by growth on xylan or arabinose 20 A number of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases GH have been identified in Butyrivibrio species including endocellulase GH family 5 and 9 b Glucosidase GH family 3 endoxylanase GH family 10 and 11 b Xylosidase GH family 43 and a Amylase GH family 13 enzymes Several carbohydrate binding modules CBM have also been identified that are predicted to bind glycogen CBM family 48 xylan or chitin CBM family 2 and starch CBM family 26 21 22 The genus Butyrivibrio encompasses over 60 strains that were originally confined to the species Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens based on their phenotypic and metabolic characteristics However phylogenetic analyses based on 16S ribosomal RNA rRNA gene sequences has divided the genus Butyrivibrio into six families 23 These families include the rumen isolates Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens B hungateii B proteoclasticus Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans and P ruminis and the human isolate B crossotus The families B fibrisolvens B crossotus B hungateii as well as B proteoclasticus all belong to the Clostridium sub cluster XIVa 24 See also editRoseburiaReferences edit a b c d LPSN lpsn dsmz de BRYANT MP SMALL N 1956 The anaerobic monotrichous butyric acid producing curved rod shaped bacteria of the rumen Journal of Bacteriology 72 1 16 21 doi 10 1128 JB 72 1 16 21 1956 PMC 289715 PMID 13345769 a b Cheng K J Costerton J W 1977 Ultrastructure of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A gram positive bacterium Journal of Bacteriology 129 3 1506 12 doi 10 1128 JB 129 3 1506 1512 1977 PMC 235129 PMID 845122 a b Beveridge 1990 Miller amp Jenesel 1979 Blackburn amp Hobson 1962 Kalmokoff amp Teather 1997 Kepler et al 1966 a b Dehority amp Scott 1967 Polan et al 1964 Morris amp Van Gylswyk 1980 Stewart et al 1997 Russell 1985 Shane et al 1969 Cotta 1988 Hespell et al 1987 Sewell et al 1988 Hespell amp O Bryan Shah 1988 Lin amp Thomson 1991 Hespell amp Whitehead 1990 Krause et al 2003 Cantarel et al 2008 Kopecny et al 2003 fig 1 1 Willems et al 1996Further reading editPalevich N 2016 Comparative genomics of Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio from the rumen a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology and Genetics at Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Thesis Massey University Retrieved from http mro massey ac nz handle 10179 9992 or http hdl handle net 10179 9992 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Butyrivibrio amp oldid 1113798404, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
