Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise
Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (Burmese: မြန်မာ့ရေနံနှင့် သဘာဝဓါတ်ငွေ့လုပ်ငန်း; abbreviated MOGE) is a national oil and gas company of Myanmar. It was established in 1963. MOGE royalties and fees are estimated to generate US$1.5 billion in annual revenues, about half of the country's foreign currency reserves.[1][2] The company is a sole operator of oil and gas exploration and production, as well as domestic gas transmission through a 1,200 miles (1,900 km) onshore pipeline grid.[3][4]
Native name | မြန်မာ့ရေနံနှင့် သဘာဝဓါတ်ငွေ့လုပ်ငန်း |
|---|---|
| Company type | Public |
| Industry | Oil and gas industry |
| Founded | 1963 |
| Headquarters | , Myanmar |
| Products | Petroleum Natural gas Petroleum products |
| Owner | Myanmar Government |
History edit
MOGE was established in 1963 after nationalisation of the Burmese petroleum industry. The nationalised assets of Burmah Oil Company were amalgamated to MOGE.[3][5]
MOGE discovered the Mann oil field in 1970. Peak production in 1979 was 23,000 barrels of oil per day, about three-quarters of Myanmar's total production.[6]
2021 coup edit
Since the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, MOGE has become the largest foreign currency source for the military regime, the State Administration Council.[7] In February 2022, the European Union imposed sanctions on MOGE.[8] In January 2023, the American government sanctioned MOGE officials.[9] As of January 2023[update], neither the United States nor the United Kingdom have sanctioned MOGE.[10]
In January 2022, TotalEnergies, Chevron, and Woodside Energy announced they would withdraw from the Myanmar market, following pressure from activists who have called for companies to cut financial ties with MOGE.[11][12] TotalEnergies had operated the Yadana natural gas pipeline project since the 1990s, with a 31.24% stake in the project, while Chevron had a 28.26% stake.[11] TotalEnergies' divestment has increased MOGE's stake in the project, from 15% to 21.8%.[13] Australian-owned Woodside took a US$138 million loss from its exit.[14]
In February 2022, Japanese-owned Mitsubishi Group announced its exit.[15] In April 2022, Malaysian-owned Petronas followed suit, withdrawing from the Yetagun gas field project.[16]
Offshore gas fields edit
MOGE operates several offshore gas fields, and has a commercial stake in each active project:
- Shwe gas field (15% MOGE stake) – operated by Korean-owned POSCO International (formerly Australian-owned Woodside Energy)[7][17][18]
- Yadana gas field (21.8% MOGE stake) – operated by Thai-owned PTTEP (formerly French-owned TotalEnergies)[7][19][20]
- Zawtika gas field (20% MOGE stake) – operated by Thai-owned PTTEP[7]
- Yetagun gas field (20.5% MOGE stake) – operated by Thai-owned Gas Petroleum Myanmar (formerly Malaysian-owned Petronas)[7]
See also edit
- Burmah Oil
- Burmah Castrol
- Padma Oil Company (formerly Burmah Eastern)
References edit
- ^ Yang, Robbie Gramer, Mary (2 August 2022). "U.S. Eyes New Energy Sanctions on Myanmar After Execution of Activists". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Myanmar's Sanctions-Hit Junta Still Netting Vast Oil, Gas Profits". VOA. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ a b . Total S.A. Archived from the original on 12 December 2003. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
- ^ Ye Lwin (21 July 2008). . The Myanmar Times. Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
- ^ U Kyaw Nyein. (PDF). Ministry of Energy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
- ^ Yenne, Keith (1988). "Hydrocarbon Prospect (Oil, Gas, Coal) for Burma, USGS Open File Report 88-402" (PDF). USGS Publications Warehouse. USGS. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d e "The international oilfield services companies supporting the Myanmar junta's oil and gas industry". Justice For Myanmar. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Myanmar/Burma: EU imposes restrictive measures on 22 individuals and 4 entities in fourth round of sanctions". Council of the EU. 21 February 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ Psaledakis, Daphne; Lewis, Simon (1 February 2023). "U.S. and allies mark anniversary of Myanmar coup with more sanctions". Reuters. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "US, Allies Impose New Sanctions on Myanmar Two Years After Coup". Bloomberg.com. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b Ratcliffe, Rebecca (21 January 2022). "Chevron and Total withdraw from Myanmar gas project". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ Butler, Ben; Doherty, Ben (27 January 2022). "Woodside Petroleum to pull out of Myanmar one year on from military coup". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Myanmar: TotalEnergies Withdraws; Junta Gains". Human Rights Watch. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Woodside to take $295m hit as it exits Myanmar". Australian Financial Review. 27 January 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Mitsubishi, Petronas to exit Myanmar Yetagun gas project". Reuters. 18 February 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Malaysia's Petronas withdraws from Myanmar's Yetagun gas field". Reuters. 29 April 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Myanmar - Woodside Energy". Woodside. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- ^ "Shwe Gas Project, Bay of Bengal, Offshore Myanmar". Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- ^ Environment News Service. "Unocal Settles Out of Court With Myanmar Villagers". Retrieved 18 December 2007.
- ^ "Total says Myanmar operation unaffected by cyclone". Reuters. 6 May 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
External links edit
- (Ministry of Energy website)