"Yadana" redirects here. For the 2006 film, see Yadana (film).
The Yadana gas field is an offshore gas field in the Andaman Sea. It is located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) offshore to the nearest landfall in Myanmar.[1] The gas field is an important source of revenue for the Myanmar Army. Gas from Yadana is used to generate about 8 percent of the electricity in neighbouring Thailand and around half of all electricity in Myanmar’s largest city, Yangon.[2]
The Yadana gas field contains more than 150 billion cubic meters of natural gas and has an expected field life of over 30 years.[1] In 2009, the output averaged 780 million cubic feet per day (22×10^6 m3/d).[3]
The gas field lies around 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) beneath the seabed in the water depth around 40 metres (130 ft). The offshore production complex consist of two remote wellhead platforms, one bridge-linked wellhead platform, a production platform, a living quarters platform, and a medium compression platform. Produced gas is exported through two pipelines. The first is the Yadana Gas Pipeline, a 409-kilometre-long (254 mi) pipeline runs 346 kilometres (215 mi) underwater from Yadana to Daminseik at the coast. From there, a 63-kilometre (39 mi) onshore section runs to the Thai border at Pilok. The onshore section crosses a region inhabited by the Karen, a minority ethnic group hostile to the government.[4] Construction of the pipeline was completed in 1998 and it cost US$1.2 billion.[5] This pipeline has capacity of 500 million cubic feet per day (14×10^6 m3/d).[3]
The second, 287-kilometre-long (178 mi) pipeline from the Yadana to Yangon was inaugurated on 12 June 2010. The 24-inch (610 mm) pipeline has 151-kilometre-long (94 mi) offshore and 136 kilometres (85 mi) long onshore sections.[6] The pipeline has capacity of 150 million cubic feet per day (4.2×10^6 m3/d).[3]
Project companyedit
The Yadana gas field and pipelines are operated by TotalEnergies, a French energy group, with Chevron Corporation, a United States-based company, as its junior partner along with PTT, a Thai state-owned oil and gas company, and Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE), a state-owned enterprise of Myanmar.[5][7] Operator of the gas field is TotalEnergies. TotalEnergies has working interest of 31.2%, Chevron 28.3%, PTT 25.5%, and MOGE 15%.
As of January 2022, TotalEnergies has announced that they will withdraw from the Yadana project as the operator and joint venture partner,[8] and PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited (PTTEP) will take over. The nomination of PTTEP as the new operator has been appointed by the remaining partners in this project. The operatorship transfer is expected to be completed on July 20, 2022.
Under the Production Operating Agreement (POA), TotalEnergies’ share will be allocated proportionately to the remaining joint venture partners with no commercial value. After the effective date of TotalEnergies’ withdrawal, PTTEPI will hold 37.0842% participating interest, while a subsidiary of Chevron, Unocal Myanmar Offshore Company Limited will hold 41.1016%, which is the largest participating interest in the project.[9]
Controversyedit
The Yadana project has been subject to much criticism in the international community, particularly because companies of democratic nations invested in a regime that has been noted for its human rights violations.[10] The State Law and Order Restoration Council came under intense scrutiny for their human rights abuses during the construction of the pipeline and their involvement in the project led to a lawsuit being filed against Unocal.[11] Evidence collected by EarthRights International suggests that villagers are routinely forced to work in various guises. One former soldier from the 273 battalion said : "We were told it was a 30-year project and the country got half, and the foreigners got half of the benefit. We ask the villagers to carry shell ammunition, food and supplies. During the portering the soldiers treat porters not so good. I do not want to mention about these bad things so much since I myself I have done it to these people as well at that time." Troops routinely force civilians to work for them and those who refuse are often beaten, tortured or sometimes killed. Since early 2009 Burmese soldiers have ordered villagers to build a new police camp. "The Yadana project ushered in the Burmese army and the Burmese army continues to provide security for the companies and the project. The Total company has been complicit in abuses," said Matthew Smith of ERI.[12][13]
The 2006 documentary Total Denial depicted the controversy surrounding the construction of the Yadana pipeline.
^Bogumil Terminski (2012), Oil-Induced Displacement and Resettlement. Social Problem and Human Rights Issue, Working Paper, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver.
External linksedit
Total's Description of the Yadana Project
EarthRight International's Description of the Yadana Project
January 01, 1970
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Yadana redirects here For the 2006 film see Yadana film The Yadana gas field is an offshore gas field in the Andaman Sea It is located about 60 kilometres 37 mi offshore to the nearest landfall in Myanmar 1 The gas field is an important source of revenue for the Myanmar Army Gas from Yadana is used to generate about 8 percent of the electricity in neighbouring Thailand and around half of all electricity in Myanmar s largest city Yangon 2 Yadana gas fieldLocation of the Yadana gas fieldCountryMyanmarRegionAndaman SeaLocationMottama offshore areaOffshore onshoreOffshoreCoordinates15 07 23 N 94 46 59 E 15 123 N 94 783 E 15 123 94 783OperatorTotalEnergiesPartnersTotalEnergies 31 2 Chevron Corporation 28 3 PTT Public Company Limited 25 5 Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise 15 Field historyDiscovery1980Start of development1995Start of production1998ProductionCurrent production of gas8 10 9 m3 a 280 10 9 cu ft a Recoverable gas150 10 9 m3 5 3 10 12 cu ft Yadana pipeline during construction Contents 1 Description 2 Project company 3 Controversy 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDescription editThe Yadana gas field contains more than 150 billion cubic meters of natural gas and has an expected field life of over 30 years 1 In 2009 the output averaged 780 million cubic feet per day 22 10 6 m3 d 3 The gas field lies around 1 300 metres 4 300 ft beneath the seabed in the water depth around 40 metres 130 ft The offshore production complex consist of two remote wellhead platforms one bridge linked wellhead platform a production platform a living quarters platform and a medium compression platform Produced gas is exported through two pipelines The first is the Yadana Gas Pipeline a 409 kilometre long 254 mi pipeline runs 346 kilometres 215 mi underwater from Yadana to Daminseik at the coast From there a 63 kilometre 39 mi onshore section runs to the Thai border at Pilok The onshore section crosses a region inhabited by the Karen a minority ethnic group hostile to the government 4 Construction of the pipeline was completed in 1998 and it cost US 1 2 billion 5 This pipeline has capacity of 500 million cubic feet per day 14 10 6 m3 d 3 The second 287 kilometre long 178 mi pipeline from the Yadana to Yangon was inaugurated on 12 June 2010 The 24 inch 610 mm pipeline has 151 kilometre long 94 mi offshore and 136 kilometres 85 mi long onshore sections 6 The pipeline has capacity of 150 million cubic feet per day 4 2 10 6 m3 d 3 Project company editThe Yadana gas field and pipelines are operated by TotalEnergies a French energy group with Chevron Corporation a United States based company as its junior partner along with PTT a Thai state owned oil and gas company and Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise MOGE a state owned enterprise of Myanmar 5 7 Operator of the gas field is TotalEnergies TotalEnergies has working interest of 31 2 Chevron 28 3 PTT 25 5 and MOGE 15 As of January 2022 TotalEnergies has announced that they will withdraw from the Yadana project as the operator and joint venture partner 8 and PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited PTTEP will take over The nomination of PTTEP as the new operator has been appointed by the remaining partners in this project The operatorship transfer is expected to be completed on July 20 2022 Under the Production Operating Agreement POA TotalEnergies share will be allocated proportionately to the remaining joint venture partners with no commercial value After the effective date of TotalEnergies withdrawal PTTEPI will hold 37 0842 participating interest while a subsidiary of Chevron Unocal Myanmar Offshore Company Limited will hold 41 1016 which is the largest participating interest in the project 9 Controversy editThe Yadana project has been subject to much criticism in the international community particularly because companies of democratic nations invested in a regime that has been noted for its human rights violations 10 The State Law and Order Restoration Council came under intense scrutiny for their human rights abuses during the construction of the pipeline and their involvement in the project led to a lawsuit being filed against Unocal 11 Evidence collected by EarthRights International suggests that villagers are routinely forced to work in various guises One former soldier from the 273 battalion said We were told it was a 30 year project and the country got half and the foreigners got half of the benefit We ask the villagers to carry shell ammunition food and supplies During the portering the soldiers treat porters not so good I do not want to mention about these bad things so much since I myself I have done it to these people as well at that time Troops routinely force civilians to work for them and those who refuse are often beaten tortured or sometimes killed Since early 2009 Burmese soldiers have ordered villagers to build a new police camp The Yadana project ushered in the Burmese army and the Burmese army continues to provide security for the companies and the project The Total company has been complicit in abuses said Matthew Smith of ERI 12 13 The 2006 documentary Total Denial depicted the controversy surrounding the construction of the Yadana pipeline See also editTotalEnergies Unocal Corporation Alien Tort Claims Act Yetagun gas fieldReferences edit a b Yadana means treasure in Burmese Total Yadana Project Retrieved 2007 12 18 Kenneth P Vogel Lara Jakes 22 April 2021 Chevron Lobbies to Head Off New Sanctions on Myanmar New York Times Retrieved 2 May 2021 a b c Tan Hwee Hwee 2009 11 18 Rangoon in line for Yadana gas Upstream Online NHST Media Group Retrieved 2010 06 20 Manuel Velasquez Unocal in Burma Retrieved 2007 12 18 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b Environment News Service Unocal Settles Out of Court With Myanmar Villagers Retrieved 2007 12 18 Gas Pipeline Opens to Ease Yangon s Chronic Power Shortage Downstream Today Deutsche Presse Agentur 2010 06 14 Retrieved 2010 06 20 Total says Myanmar operation unaffected by cyclone Reuters 2008 05 06 Retrieved 2007 12 18 TotalEnergies withdraws from Myanmar TotalEnergies com Retrieved 2022 04 27 Statement 3 Change of operator in the Yadana project in Myanmar www pttep com Retrieved 2022 04 27 EarthRights International Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline Project Archived from the original on November 20 2008 Retrieved 2007 12 18 Thailand s Yadana pipeline Proposed route starts controversy Watershed People s Forum on Ecology 2 2 November 1996 February 1997 Retrieved 2008 01 11 The Independent 14 August 2009 Bogumil Terminski 2012 Oil Induced Displacement and Resettlement Social Problem and Human Rights Issue Working Paper Simon Fraser University Vancouver External links editTotal s Description of the Yadana Project EarthRight International s Description of the Yadana Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yadana gas field amp oldid 1101534401, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
