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The Bumthang language (Dzongkha: བུམ་ཐང་ཁ་, Wylie: bum thang kha); also called "Bhumtam", "Bumtang(kha)", "Bumtanp", "Bumthapkha", and "Kebumtamp") is an East Bodish language spoken by about 20,000 people in Bumthang and surrounding districts of Bhutan.[2][3] Van Driem (1993) describes Bumthang as the dominant language of central Bhutan.[3]
The five dialects of Bumthang are ‘Ura, Tang, Chogor, Chunmat, and Nupbikha’.[4]
Related languagesedit
Historically, Bumthang and its speakers have had close contact with speakers of the Kurtöp, Nupbi and Kheng languages, nearby East Bodish languages of central and eastern Bhutan, to the extent that they may be considered part of a wider collection of "Bumthang languages."[5][6][7]
Bumthang language is largely lexically similar with Kheng (98%), Nyen (75%–77%), and Kurtöp (70%–73%); but less so with Dzongkha (47%–52%) and Tshangla (40%–50%, also called "Sharchop").[2] It is either closely related to or identical with the Tawang language of the Monpa people of Tawang in India and China.[2]
Grammaredit
Bumthang is an ergative–absolutive language. The ergative case is not used on every transitive subject, but, like in so many other languages of the region shows some optionality, discussed in detail by Donohue & Donohue (2016).[8]
^Tournadre, Nicolas; Suzuki, Hiroyuki (2023). The Tibetic Languages: an introduction to the family of languages derived from Old Tibetan. Paris: LACITO. p. 681. ISBN978-2-490768-08-0.
^Schicklgruber, Christian (1998). Françoise Pommaret-Imaeda (ed.). Bhutan: Mountain Fortress of the Gods. Shambhala. pp. 50, 53. ISBN9780906026441.
^van Driem, George (2007). "Endangered Languages of Bhutan and Sikkim: East Bodish Languages". In Moseley, Christopher (ed.). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. Routledge. p. 295. ISBN978-0-7007-1197-0.
^van Driem, George (2007). Matthias Brenzinger (ed.). Language diversity endangered. Trends in linguistics: Studies and monographs, Mouton Reader. Vol. 181. Walter de Gruyter. p. 312. ISBN978-3-11-017050-4.
^Donohue, Cathryn; Donohue, Mark (2016). "On ergativity in Bumthang". Language. 92 (1): 179–188. doi:10.1353/lan.2016.0004. hdl:10722/224966. ISSN 1535-0665. S2CID 147531925.
van Driem, George (1995). Grammar of Bumthang - A Language of Central Bhutan. Dzongkha Development Commission.
van Driem, George. 2015. Synoptic grammar of the Bumthang language. Himalayan Linguistics. Open access
External linksedit
Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for Bumthangkha.
Himalayan Languages Project
December 15, 2023
bumthang, language, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, portuguese, march, 2022, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, tr. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese March 2022 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 474 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at pt Lingua bumthang see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated pt Lingua bumthang to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Bumthang language Dzongkha བ མ ཐང ཁ Wylie bum thang kha also called Bhumtam Bumtang kha Bumtanp Bumthapkha and Kebumtamp is an East Bodish language spoken by about 20 000 people in Bumthang and surrounding districts of Bhutan 2 3 Van Driem 1993 describes Bumthang as the dominant language of central Bhutan 3 BumthangNative toBhutanNative speakers20 000 2011 1 Language familySino Tibetan Tibeto BurmanTibeto Kanauri BodishEast BodishBumthangWriting systemTibetan scriptLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code kjz class extiw title iso639 3 kjz kjz a Glottologbumt1240 Contents 1 Dialects 2 Related languages 3 Grammar 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksDialects editThe five dialects of Bumthang are Ura Tang Chogor Chunmat and Nupbikha 4 Related languages editHistorically Bumthang and its speakers have had close contact with speakers of the Kurtop Nupbi and Kheng languages nearby East Bodish languages of central and eastern Bhutan to the extent that they may be considered part of a wider collection of Bumthang languages 5 6 7 Bumthang language is largely lexically similar with Kheng 98 Nyen 75 77 and Kurtop 70 73 but less so with Dzongkha 47 52 and Tshangla 40 50 also called Sharchop 2 It is either closely related to or identical with the Tawang language of the Monpa people of Tawang in India and China 2 Grammar editBumthang is an ergative absolutive language The ergative case is not used on every transitive subject but like in so many other languages of the region shows some optionality discussed in detail by Donohue amp Donohue 2016 8 Personal pronouns in Bumthang 9 Absolutive Ergativesingular plural singular plural1st ngat nget ngai ngaile ngei ngeile 2st wet yin wi wile yinle3rd khit bot khi khile boi boile See also editLanguages of Bhutan Bumthang District Bumthang Province Kingdom of BumthangReferences edit Bumthang at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required a b c Bumthangkha Ethnologue Online Dallas SIL International 2006 Retrieved 2011 01 18 a b van Driem George L 1993 Language Policy in Bhutan London SOAS Archived from the original PDF on 2010 11 01 Retrieved 2011 01 18 Tournadre Nicolas Suzuki Hiroyuki 2023 The Tibetic Languages an introduction to the family of languages derived from Old Tibetan Paris LACITO p 681 ISBN 978 2 490768 08 0 Schicklgruber Christian 1998 Francoise Pommaret Imaeda ed Bhutan Mountain Fortress of the Gods Shambhala pp 50 53 ISBN 9780906026441 van Driem George 2007 Endangered Languages of Bhutan and Sikkim East Bodish Languages In Moseley Christopher ed Encyclopedia of the World s Endangered Languages Routledge p 295 ISBN 978 0 7007 1197 0 van Driem George 2007 Matthias Brenzinger ed Language diversity endangered Trends in linguistics Studies and monographs Mouton Reader Vol 181 Walter de Gruyter p 312 ISBN 978 3 11 017050 4 Donohue Cathryn Donohue Mark 2016 On ergativity in Bumthang Language 92 1 179 188 doi 10 1353 lan 2016 0004 hdl 10722 224966 ISSN 1535 0665 S2CID 147531925 van Driem 1995 p 13 Bibliography editvan Driem George 1995 Grammar of Bumthang A Language of Central Bhutan Dzongkha Development Commission van Driem George 2015 Synoptic grammar of the Bumthang language Himalayan Linguistics Open accessExternal links edit nbsp Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for Bumthangkha Bumthang language project Himalayan Languages Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bumthang language amp oldid 1176879039, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
