Bronzy sunbirds have a long, thin, well-curved bill. Males have bronze-and-green undertones but most often look black in light. While the male has the undertones, the female however has a pale eyebrow and an added yellowish park below the belly with fine streaking. On some subspecies specifically located in Angola there is a splash of odd green, but it does not overlap in range with malachite or scarlet-tufted sunbirds in similar areas which do not have this green streaking. Male sunbirds lack any purple tones to the plumage which is found on female species.[3]
Vocalizationsedit
Bronzy sunbirds use a jumble of twittering notes followed by cleaner whistle sounds.[4] These sounds are most often heard during the early morning and mid day.
Distribution and habitatedit
The bronzy sunbird can be found in Africa. While not very common they can be best found near the edges of the Afromontane forest,[5] mountain sides and Zimbabwe's eastern highlands and adjacent next to Mozambique.[5] Other countries they can be found include Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.[6] They stay far away from populated areas in these countries and have adapted to most remote environments. These environments include Savannas, dried shrub-land, grass, seasonally flooded areas, and rural gardens. They are most abundant in subtropical forests and brush-land.[7]
During the breeding process the male role is very limited. After conception the male often leaves. The female assumes most of the responsibility and lays its eggs anytime from September to May but the peak of egg laying is between the months of October to December.[5] They often lay 1 to 2 eggs and after the eggs have hatched the new chicks are fed and brooded mainly by the female for a period of 16 to 21 days. After that period they continue to return to the nest for about a week longer, becoming fully independent about 2–3 weeks later.[5] The nests that these chicks live in over this period of time are built by the female only and it takes her anywhere between 5 and 15 days before the chicks are born. The basket is made as an oval structure. They use pieces of ferns, bits of dry grass, shreds of bark, bracken, leaves, lichen and inflorescences, often secured down with spider web. The entrance to this nest is covered down by a small flap, and the interior is made of fine grass and plants. It is attached at the roof to a branch within a small patch of bushes or of a type of sap.[5]
Threatsedit
The bronzy sunbird is not threatened. It has benefited from the introduction of Protea farming,[5] which is a poisonous flower grown and abundant in gardens in Zimbabwe. While odd, this flower, which is poisonous to humans, they do not affect the bronzy sunbird and provides an immense amount of nectar which makes it a place that the sunbirds frequent often.
Referencesedit
^BirdLife International (2016). "Nectarinia kilimensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22717970A94560374. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22717970A94560374.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
bronzy, sunbird, bronzy, sunbird, nectarinia, kilimensis, species, bird, family, nectariniidae, they, located, mostly, parts, southern, africa, male, feeding, leonotis, blossoms, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classification, domain, e. The bronzy sunbird Nectarinia kilimensis is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae 2 They are located mostly in parts of southern Africa Bronzy sunbird Male feeding on Leonotis blossoms Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Nectariniidae Genus Nectarinia Species N kilimensis Binomial name Nectarinia kilimensisShelley 1885 Contents 1 Description 1 1 Vocalizations 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Behavior 3 1 Diet 3 2 Breeding 4 Threats 5 References 6 External linksDescription editBronzy sunbirds have a long thin well curved bill Males have bronze and green undertones but most often look black in light While the male has the undertones the female however has a pale eyebrow and an added yellowish park below the belly with fine streaking On some subspecies specifically located in Angola there is a splash of odd green but it does not overlap in range with malachite or scarlet tufted sunbirds in similar areas which do not have this green streaking Male sunbirds lack any purple tones to the plumage which is found on female species 3 Vocalizations edit Bronzy sunbirds use a jumble of twittering notes followed by cleaner whistle sounds 4 These sounds are most often heard during the early morning and mid day Distribution and habitat editThe bronzy sunbird can be found in Africa While not very common they can be best found near the edges of the Afromontane forest 5 mountain sides and Zimbabwe s eastern highlands and adjacent next to Mozambique 5 Other countries they can be found include Angola Burundi Democratic Republic of the Congo Ethiopia Kenya Malawi Rwanda Tanzania Uganda and Zambia 6 They stay far away from populated areas in these countries and have adapted to most remote environments These environments include Savannas dried shrub land grass seasonally flooded areas and rural gardens They are most abundant in subtropical forests and brush land 7 Behavior editDiet edit The diet of the bronzy sunbird is very specific limited to Nectar Spiders and Insects The insects that they consume include Ants Coleoptera beetles Hemiptera bugs Hymenoptera wasps bees and ants Diptera flies and termites 5 Breeding edit During the breeding process the male role is very limited After conception the male often leaves The female assumes most of the responsibility and lays its eggs anytime from September to May but the peak of egg laying is between the months of October to December 5 They often lay 1 to 2 eggs and after the eggs have hatched the new chicks are fed and brooded mainly by the female for a period of 16 to 21 days After that period they continue to return to the nest for about a week longer becoming fully independent about 2 3 weeks later 5 The nests that these chicks live in over this period of time are built by the female only and it takes her anywhere between 5 and 15 days before the chicks are born The basket is made as an oval structure They use pieces of ferns bits of dry grass shreds of bark bracken leaves lichen and inflorescences often secured down with spider web The entrance to this nest is covered down by a small flap and the interior is made of fine grass and plants It is attached at the roof to a branch within a small patch of bushes or of a type of sap 5 Threats editThe bronzy sunbird is not threatened It has benefited from the introduction of Protea farming 5 which is a poisonous flower grown and abundant in gardens in Zimbabwe While odd this flower which is poisonous to humans they do not affect the bronzy sunbird and provides an immense amount of nectar which makes it a place that the sunbirds frequent often References edit BirdLife International 2016 Nectarinia kilimensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22717970A94560374 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22717970A94560374 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 Nectarinia kilimensis Bronze Sunbird Avibase avibase bsc eoc org Retrieved 2021 10 19 Bronze Sunbird eBird ebird org Retrieved 2021 10 19 Nectarinia kilimensis Bronze Sunbird Avibase avibase bsc eoc org Retrieved 2021 10 19 a b c d e f g Nectarinia kilimensis Bronzy sunbird Bronze Sunbird www biodiversityexplorer info Retrieved 2021 10 19 Bronze Sunbird eBird ebird org Retrieved 2024 04 19 Oiseaux net Souimanga bronze Nectarinia kilimensis Bronzy Sunbird www oiseaux net Retrieved 2021 10 19 External links edit nbsp Media related to Nectarinia kilimensis at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Nectarinia kilimensis at Wikispecies Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds nbsp This Nectariniidae related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bronzy sunbird amp oldid 1220667486, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
