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Bregaglia

Bregaglia (Italian and Romansh: Bregaglia) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland. It was formed by the 2010 merger of the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa and Vicosoprano, all located in the Val Bregaglia.

Bregaglia
Location of Bregaglia
Bregaglia
Bregaglia
Coordinates: 46°20′N 09°35′E / 46.333°N 9.583°E / 46.333; 9.583
CountrySwitzerland
CantonGraubünden
DistrictMaloja
Government
 • MayorAnna Giacometti
Area
 • Total251.45 km2 (97.09 sq mi)
Population
 (31 December 2018)[2]
 • Total1,544
 • Density6.1/km2 (16/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
SFOS number3792
ISO 3166 codeCH-GR
LocalitiesBondo, Ca d'Farett, Castasegna, Muntac, Roticcio, Soglio, Spino, Stampa and Vicosoprano
Websitecomunedibregaglia.ch
SFSO statistics

Bregaglia is the only Italian-speaking municipality in Switzerland in which the majority of the population is Protestant.

History edit

Bondo edit

 
View of Bondo from the north, c. 1870
 
Aerial view (1954)

Under the Carolingian dynasty Bondo belonged to the Ministerium Bergallia, which was a dependant of the early Bishops of Chur, though after 960 it was owned directly by the Bishop. The valley church of S. Maria at Castelmur is first mentioned in 988, while the village church for Bondo, S. Martino, was consecrated in 1250. During the High Middle Ages Bondo was part of several villages that were collectively known as di là dell'acqua (‘across the water’), which were part of the district of Sotto Porta/Unterporta. In 1367 Bondo, together with the rest of Sotto Porta/Unterporta, joined the League of God's House (German: Gotteshausbund). In 1380 it was first mentioned under the name of Bondo. In German it was also known as Bundth while in Romansh it was known as Buond.[3]

In 1552 the Protestant Reformation reached the village. During the 16th century some of the population left Bondo to Italy, and later to eastern Europe (either as bakers or soldiers). This trend has continued into the 20th century, except many now leave for northern Graubünden or the rest of Switzerland.[3]

During the Thirty Years' War the Three Leagues were rocked by the Bündner Wirren or Confusion of the Leagues, as the decentralized leagues fought each other over religion and politics. In 1621, during the Confusion, Spanish troops burned the entire town to the ground, destroying about 248 structures.[3] The town was rebuilt along new central streets.

Castasegna edit

Castasegna is first mentioned in 1374 as Castexegnia.[4]

Castasegna has the largest Chestnut forest in Europe, known as Brentan. The town's name means chestnut grove and the tree is featured on the coat of arms.

Soglio edit

Soglio is first mentioned in 1186 as de Solio.[5]

Stampa edit

Stampa is first mentioned after 1354 as Stamppa.[6]

Vicosoprano edit

Vicosoprano is first mentioned in 1096 as Vicus Supranus.[7]

Geography edit

Bregaglia had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 251.45 km2 (97.09 sq mi).[8] Of this area, about 14.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 21.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.9% is settled (buildings or roads) and 63.4% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 37 ha (91 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 355 ha (880 acres).[9]

Demographics edit

Bregaglia has a population (as of December 2020) of 1,556.[10] As of 2014, 13.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 4 years (2010-2014) the population has changed at a rate of -3.62%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2014, was 7.7, while the death rate was 11.6 per thousand residents.[9]

As of 2014, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 16.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 59.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 24.2%.[9] In 2015 there were 608 single residents, 726 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 124 widows or widowers and 78 divorced residents.[11]

In 2014 there were 692 private households in Bregaglia with an average household size of 2.21 persons. In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 1.28. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2015, was 0.87%.[9]

Historic population edit

The historical population is given in the following chart:[12]

Heritage sites of national significance edit

The Castelmur medieval fortifications, the church of S. Maria and the Palazzo Salis in Bondo, the Casa Antonio No. 139, the Casa Battista no. 131, the Casa Di Mezzo No. 137 and the Cas’Alta No. 120 in Soglio and the Palazzo Castelmur in Stampa are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[13]

The church of S. Maria in Castelmur was largely rebuilt in the 19th century, but still has its Romanesque campanile.[14] S. Maria in Bondo also has a Romanesque bell tower. This church was restored in the 17th century but retains an important late 15th-century fresco cycle. The remains of the painter Varlin are interred in the nearby cemetery.[15][3] Further notable buildings include the Casa Molinari, the Palazzo Scartazzini of 1690, the Palazzo Scartazzini am Platz (formerly Cortini) of 1763 and the Palazzo Salis;[3] this last was begun by Jerome de Salis-Soglio in 1765 for his wife Mary and completed by their son in 1774. There is also a group of crotti towards Promontagno.[3] In the twentieth century the painter Varlin captured much of the spirit of the village.

Economy edit

As of  2014, there were a total of 896 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 104 people worked in 31 businesses in the primary economic sector. A vast majority (81.7%) of the primary sector employees worked in very small businesses (less than ten employees). The remainder worked in 1 small business with a total of 19 employees. The secondary sector employed 306 workers in 45 separate businesses. A minority (44.4%) of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses. There were 9 small businesses with a total of 170 employees. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 486 jobs in 147 businesses. There were 6 small businesses with a total of 142 employees.[16]

In 2014 a total of 1.3% of the population received social assistance.[9] In the second quarter of 2016 an average of 370 workers commuted from outside Switzerland to work in the municipality, representing a large minority of the employees.[17]

In 2015 local hotels had a total of 41,439 overnight stays, of which 31.4% were international visitors.[18]

Elektrizitätswerk der Stadt Zürich (EWZ) operates a power plant in Castasegna.

Politics edit

In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the FDP with 28.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (28.2%), the BDP (21.5%) and the SP (12.2%). In the federal election, a total of 554 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.1%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011. The percentage of the vote received by the FDP increased from 20.5% in 2011 to 28.3% in 2015, while the percentage that the SP received dropped from 17.3% to 12.2%.[19]

Crime edit

In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Bregaglia was 15.3 per thousand residents or about 23.7% of the average rate in the entire country. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 23 per thousand residents which was over twice the national rate. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 4.5 per thousand residents. This rate is 246.2% greater than the rate in the district and 275.0% greater than the cantonal rate.[20]

Notable residents edit

Soglio village is the commune of origin for the Salis family, one of the oligarch families of the Grisons. There are several Salis houses in the village: Casa Alta; Casa Battista; Casa di Mezzo; and Casa Antonio. The Casa Battista is now a hotel – Hotel Palazzo Salis (formerly Pensione Willy) – while the others are tenements. For centuries the Salis family fortunes influenced the region, and the bars from the family arms are present in the coat of arms of the municipality, below the capricorn, which indicates church membership.

One family of famous artists, the Giacometti, come from Stampa. The most famous members of the family are:

Climate edit

Soglio has an average of 101.8 days of rain per year and on average receives 1,459 mm (57.4 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is May during which time Soglio receives an average of 179 mm (7.0 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.7 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 55 mm (2.2 in) of precipitation over 12.7 days.[21]

Vicosoprano has an average of 111.4 days of rain per year and on average receives 1,492 mm (58.7 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is May during which time Vicosoprano receives an average of 185 mm (7.3 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 13.3 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 72 mm (2.8 in) of precipitation over 13.3 days.[22]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. ^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Bondo in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  4. ^ Castasegna in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  5. ^ Soglio in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  6. ^ Stampa in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  7. ^ Vicosoprano in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  8. ^ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  9. ^ a b c d e Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Regional portraits accessed 27 October 2016
  10. ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  11. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geschlecht, Zivilstand und Geburtsort (in German) accessed 8 September 2016
  12. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850-2000 (in German) accessed 27 April 2016
  13. ^ Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance 1 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine 21 November 2008 version, (in German) accessed 19 October 2009
  14. ^ Castelmur in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  15. ^ . Archived from the original on 2020-01-31. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  16. ^ Federal Statistical Office -Arbeitsstätten und Beschäftigte nach Gemeinde, Wirtschaftssektor und Grössenklasse accessed 31 October 2016
  17. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Cross Border Workers accessed 27 October 2016
  18. ^ Federal Statistical Office - Hotellerie: Ankünfte und Logiernächte der geöffneten Betriebe accessed 31 October 2016
  19. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden 2016-08-02 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 18 July 2016
  20. ^ Statistical Atlas of Switzerland accessed 5 April 2016
  21. ^ (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 1093 meters above sea level.
  22. ^ (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 1075 meters above sea level.

External links edit

  • (in Italian) Bregaglia su PortaleBregaglia.ch
  • (in Italian) 5 milioni per il nuovo Comune di Bregaglia[permanent dead link] sul sito della RSI

bregaglia, this, article, about, municipality, valley, mountain, range, range, italian, romansh, municipality, maloja, region, canton, grisons, switzerland, formed, 2010, merger, municipalities, bondo, castasegna, soglio, stampa, vicosoprano, located, municipa. This article is about the municipality For the valley see Val Bregaglia For the mountain range see Bregaglia Range Bregaglia Italian and Romansh Bregaglia is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland It was formed by the 2010 merger of the municipalities of Bondo Castasegna Soglio Stampa and Vicosoprano all located in the Val Bregaglia BregagliaMunicipalityCoat of armsLocation of BregagliaBregagliaShow map of SwitzerlandBregagliaShow map of Canton of GraubundenCoordinates 46 20 N 09 35 E 46 333 N 9 583 E 46 333 9 583CountrySwitzerlandCantonGraubundenDistrictMalojaGovernment MayorAnna GiacomettiArea 1 Total251 45 km2 97 09 sq mi Population 31 December 2018 2 Total1 544 Density6 1 km2 16 sq mi Time zoneUTC 01 00 Central European Time Summer DST UTC 02 00 Central European Summer Time SFOS number3792ISO 3166 codeCH GRLocalitiesBondo Ca d Farett Castasegna Muntac Roticcio Soglio Spino Stampa and VicosopranoWebsitecomunedibregaglia wbr ch SFSO statistics Bregaglia is the only Italian speaking municipality in Switzerland in which the majority of the population is Protestant Contents 1 History 1 1 Bondo 1 2 Castasegna 1 3 Soglio 1 4 Stampa 1 5 Vicosoprano 2 Geography 3 Demographics 4 Historic population 5 Heritage sites of national significance 6 Economy 7 Politics 8 Crime 9 Notable residents 10 Climate 11 See also 12 References 13 External linksHistory editBondo edit nbsp View of Bondo from the north c 1870 nbsp Aerial view 1954 Under the Carolingian dynasty Bondo belonged to the Ministerium Bergallia which was a dependant of the early Bishops of Chur though after 960 it was owned directly by the Bishop The valley church of S Maria at Castelmur is first mentioned in 988 while the village church for Bondo S Martino was consecrated in 1250 During the High Middle Ages Bondo was part of several villages that were collectively known as di la dell acqua across the water which were part of the district of Sotto Porta Unterporta In 1367 Bondo together with the rest of Sotto Porta Unterporta joined the League of God s House German Gotteshausbund In 1380 it was first mentioned under the name of Bondo In German it was also known as Bundth while in Romansh it was known as Buond 3 In 1552 the Protestant Reformation reached the village During the 16th century some of the population left Bondo to Italy and later to eastern Europe either as bakers or soldiers This trend has continued into the 20th century except many now leave for northern Graubunden or the rest of Switzerland 3 During the Thirty Years War the Three Leagues were rocked by the Bundner Wirren or Confusion of the Leagues as the decentralized leagues fought each other over religion and politics In 1621 during the Confusion Spanish troops burned the entire town to the ground destroying about 248 structures 3 The town was rebuilt along new central streets Castasegna edit Castasegna is first mentioned in 1374 as Castexegnia 4 Castasegna has the largest Chestnut forest in Europe known as Brentan The town s name means chestnut grove and the tree is featured on the coat of arms Soglio edit Soglio is first mentioned in 1186 as de Solio 5 Stampa edit Stampa is first mentioned after 1354 as Stamppa 6 Vicosoprano edit Vicosoprano is first mentioned in 1096 as Vicus Supranus 7 Geography editBregaglia had an area as of the 2004 09 survey of 251 45 km2 97 09 sq mi 8 Of this area about 14 1 is used for agricultural purposes while 21 6 is forested Of the rest of the land 0 9 is settled buildings or roads and 63 4 is unproductive land Over the past two decades 1979 85 2004 09 the amount of land that is settled has increased by 37 ha 91 acres and the agricultural land has decreased by 355 ha 880 acres 9 Demographics editBregaglia has a population as of December 2020 update of 1 556 10 As of 2014 update 13 4 of the population are resident foreign nationals Over the last 4 years 2010 2014 the population has changed at a rate of 3 62 The birth rate in the municipality in 2014 was 7 7 while the death rate was 11 6 per thousand residents 9 As of 2014 update children and teenagers 0 19 years old make up 16 6 of the population while adults 20 64 years old are 59 2 and seniors over 64 years old make up 24 2 9 In 2015 there were 608 single residents 726 people who were married or in a civil partnership 124 widows or widowers and 78 divorced residents 11 In 2014 there were 692 private households in Bregaglia with an average household size of 2 21 persons In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 1 28 The vacancy rate for the municipality in 2015 update was 0 87 9 Historic population editThe historical population is given in the following chart 12 Heritage sites of national significance editThe Castelmur medieval fortifications the church of S Maria and the Palazzo Salis in Bondo the Casa Antonio No 139 the Casa Battista no 131 the Casa Di Mezzo No 137 and the Cas Alta No 120 in Soglio and the Palazzo Castelmur in Stampa are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance 13 nbsp Castelmur Castle a Roman way station and medieval fortress nbsp Swiss Reformed Church di Nossa Donna nbsp Palazzo Salis nbsp Dining room of Hotel Palazzo Salis nbsp Palazzo Castelmur The church of S Maria in Castelmur was largely rebuilt in the 19th century but still has its Romanesque campanile 14 S Maria in Bondo also has a Romanesque bell tower This church was restored in the 17th century but retains an important late 15th century fresco cycle The remains of the painter Varlin are interred in the nearby cemetery 15 3 Further notable buildings include the Casa Molinari the Palazzo Scartazzini of 1690 the Palazzo Scartazzini am Platz formerly Cortini of 1763 and the Palazzo Salis 3 this last was begun by Jerome de Salis Soglio in 1765 for his wife Mary and completed by their son in 1774 There is also a group of crotti towards Promontagno 3 In the twentieth century the painter Varlin captured much of the spirit of the village Economy editAs of 2014 update there were a total of 896 people employed in the municipality Of these a total of 104 people worked in 31 businesses in the primary economic sector A vast majority 81 7 of the primary sector employees worked in very small businesses less than ten employees The remainder worked in 1 small business with a total of 19 employees The secondary sector employed 306 workers in 45 separate businesses A minority 44 4 of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses There were 9 small businesses with a total of 170 employees Finally the tertiary sector provided 486 jobs in 147 businesses There were 6 small businesses with a total of 142 employees 16 In 2014 a total of 1 3 of the population received social assistance 9 In the second quarter of 2016 an average of 370 workers commuted from outside Switzerland to work in the municipality representing a large minority of the employees 17 In 2015 local hotels had a total of 41 439 overnight stays of which 31 4 were international visitors 18 Elektrizitatswerk der Stadt Zurich EWZ operates a power plant in Castasegna Politics editIn the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the FDP with 28 3 of the vote The next three most popular parties were the SVP 28 2 the BDP 21 5 and the SP 12 2 In the federal election a total of 554 votes were cast and the voter turnout was 46 1 The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011 The percentage of the vote received by the FDP increased from 20 5 in 2011 to 28 3 in 2015 while the percentage that the SP received dropped from 17 3 to 12 2 19 Crime editIn 2014 the crime rate of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code running from murder robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud in Bregaglia was 15 3 per thousand residents or about 23 7 of the average rate in the entire country During the same period the rate of drug crimes was 23 per thousand residents which was over twice the national rate The rate of violations of immigration visa and work permit laws was 4 5 per thousand residents This rate is 246 2 greater than the rate in the district and 275 0 greater than the cantonal rate 20 Notable residents editSoglio village is the commune of origin for the Salis family one of the oligarch families of the Grisons There are several Salis houses in the village Casa Alta Casa Battista Casa di Mezzo and Casa Antonio The Casa Battista is now a hotel Hotel Palazzo Salis formerly Pensione Willy while the others are tenements For centuries the Salis family fortunes influenced the region and the bars from the family arms are present in the coat of arms of the municipality below the capricorn which indicates church membership One family of famous artists the Giacometti come from Stampa The most famous members of the family are Giovanni Giacometti 1868 1933 Augusto Giacometti 1877 1947 cousin of Giovanni Alberto Giacometti 1901 1966 son of Giovanni Diego Giacometti 1902 1985 son of Giovanni Bruno Giacometti 1907 2012 son of GiovanniClimate editSoglio has an average of 101 8 days of rain per year and on average receives 1 459 mm 57 4 in of precipitation The wettest month is May during which time Soglio receives an average of 179 mm 7 0 in of precipitation During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12 7 days The driest month of the year is February with an average of 55 mm 2 2 in of precipitation over 12 7 days 21 Vicosoprano has an average of 111 4 days of rain per year and on average receives 1 492 mm 58 7 in of precipitation The wettest month is May during which time Vicosoprano receives an average of 185 mm 7 3 in of precipitation During this month there is precipitation for an average of 13 3 days The driest month of the year is February with an average of 72 mm 2 8 in of precipitation over 13 3 days 22 See also editItalian GraubundenReferences edit a b Arealstatistik Standard Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen Federal Statistical Office Retrieved 13 January 2019 Standige Wohnbevolkerung nach Staatsangehorigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde Provisorische Jahresergebnisse 2018 Federal Statistical Office 9 April 2019 Retrieved 11 April 2019 a b c d e f Bondo in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Castasegna in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Soglio in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Stampa in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Vicosoprano in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Arealstatistik Standard Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen a b c d e Swiss Federal Statistical Office Regional portraits accessed 27 October 2016 Standige und nichtstandige Wohnbevolkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen Geburtsort und Staatsangehorigkeit bfs admin ch in German Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT TAB 31 December 2020 Retrieved 21 September 2021 Swiss Federal Statistical Office Standige und nichtstandige Wohnbevolkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen Geschlecht Zivilstand und Geburtsort in German accessed 8 September 2016 Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT TAB Bevolkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen 1850 2000 in German accessed 27 April 2016 Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance Archived 1 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine 21 November 2008 version in German accessed 19 October 2009 Castelmur in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Bondo at viabregaglia com Archived from the original on 2020 01 31 Retrieved 2016 12 01 Federal Statistical Office Arbeitsstatten und Beschaftigte nach Gemeinde Wirtschaftssektor und Grossenklasse accessed 31 October 2016 Swiss Federal Statistical Office Cross Border Workers accessed 27 October 2016 Federal Statistical Office Hotellerie Ankunfte und Logiernachte der geoffneten Betriebe accessed 31 October 2016 Swiss Federal Statistical Office Nationalratswahlen 2015 Starke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden Archived 2016 08 02 at the Wayback Machine in German accessed 18 July 2016 Statistical Atlas of Switzerland accessed 5 April 2016 Temperature and Precipitation Average Values Table 1961 1990 in German French and Italian Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss Archived from the original on 27 June 2009 Retrieved 8 May 2009 the weather station elevation is 1093 meters above sea level Temperature and Precipitation Average Values Table 1961 1990 in German French and Italian Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss Archived from the original on 27 June 2009 Retrieved 8 May 2009 the weather station elevation is 1075 meters above sea level External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bregaglia in Italian Bregaglia su PortaleBregaglia ch in Italian 5 milioni per il nuovo Comune di Bregaglia permanent dead link sul sito della RSI Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bregaglia amp oldid 1215083462, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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