Brain trust was a term that originally described a group of close advisers to a political candidate or incumbent; these were often academics who were prized for their expertise in particular fields. The term is most associated with the group of advisers of Franklin D. Roosevelt during his presidential administration. More recently, however, the use of the term has expanded beyond politics to encompass any specialized group of advisers aligned to a decision maker.
Early use of the term "brain trust" was patterned on the use of the term "trust" to depict economic consolidation within an industry. This was a subject of much interest at the time and led to the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890. In 1888 the Springfield [Missouri] Leader used the term in connection with the consolidation of newspapers in the state: "[Too many newspapers in Columbia, Mo.] overstocked the brain market of that town, and the Columbian and Statesman formed a "trust." ... While sugar, coffee, lumber, whiskey, iron, coal and other trusts are forming we can see no reason why a 'brain trust' can't be organized."[1] Around the same time the Philadelphia Press penned a witticism concerning free traders that made the rounds of U.S. papers. The joke implies the lack of thought output, just as "trusts (consolidation of productive units) reduced industrial output: "Some of the free trade shouters display enough ignorance to excite a suspicion that they have been made the victims of a brain 'trust.'"[2] Using the term as an analogy to industrial trusts seems to have spread widely in 1888. For example, lawyers who signed a fee-fixing agreement were called a "brain trust."[3] In a long lament of the independence of small editors, the Marion [Ohio] Star says that a "Brains Trust" is evidenced by the "machine made" opinions of gullible editors.[4]
Around the same time the term "brain trust" was employed in a slightly different sense by journalists covering Henry Cabot Lodge. During the Spanish–American War in 1898, a group of journalists would gather in Senator Lodge's committee room and discuss with him the progress of the war. Lodge called this group his "board of strategy," but the Senate press corp called it "the brain trust."[5]
The sense of the term as depicting a collection of well informed experts was this sense that seemed to catch hold. For example, in 1901 a group of journalists in a state press association was called a "brain trust" by the Deseret Evening News.[6] It was not long before the term described a group that was so expert that their advice would be almost inevitably agreed to and acted upon. Such was the reference to the eight senators who made up the "Brain Trust of the Senate" as described by William Allen White in the Saturday Evening Post.[7] That use became regular for the next two decades, as can be seen from the use by Time magazine in 1928, which ran a headline on a meeting of the American Council on Learned Societies titled "Brain Trust".[8]
Roosevelt's "Brain Trust"edit
Franklin D. Roosevelt's speechwriter and legal counsel Samuel Rosenman suggested having an academic team to advise Roosevelt in March 1932. In 1932, The New York Times writer James Kieran first used the term Brains Trust (shortened to Brain Trust later) when he applied it to the close group of experts that surrounded United States presidential candidate Franklin Roosevelt. According to Roosevelt Brain Trust member Raymond Moley, Kieran coined the term, however Rosenman contended that Louis Howe, a close advisor to the President, first used the term but used it derisively in a conversation with Roosevelt.[8][9]
The core of the Roosevelt brain trust initially consisted of a group of Columbia Law School professors (Moley, Tugwell, and Berle). These men played a key role in shaping the policies of the First New Deal (1933). Although they never met together as a group, they each had Roosevelt's ear. Many newspaper editorials and editorial cartoons ridiculed them as impractical idealists.
The core of the Roosevelt brain trust later consisted of men associated with Harvard Law School (Cohen, Corcoran, and Frankfurter). These men played a key role in shaping the policies of the Second New Deal (1935–1936).
Look up brain trust in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Black Cabinet, a group of African Americans who served as public policy advisors to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor Roosevelt
The Brains Trust, an informational BBC radio and later television programme popular in the United Kingdom during the 1940s and 1950s
Kitchen Cabinet, a term used by political opponents of President of the United States Andrew Jackson to describe a collection of unofficial advisors he consulted
Think tank, a research institute/center and organization that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture.
References and sourcesedit
References
^"Newspaper 'Trusts'". Springfield [Mo.] Leader. February 13, 1888. p. 2. Retrieved March 23, 2016 – via newspapers.com.
^See, e.g., "A Little Nonsense Now and Then to Liven Up the Campaign". [Pittston, Pa.] Evening Gazette. February 20, 1888. p. 2. Retrieved March 23, 2016 – via newspapers.com.
^"A New Kind of Trust". [New Castle, Pa.] Daily City News. March 22, 1888. p. 3. Retrieved March 23, 2016 – via newspapers.com.
^"A Brains Trust is Predicted by Growler as an Early Proposition". Marion [Ohio] Star. April 8, 1800. p. 16. Retrieved March 23, 2016. William Safire mistakenly claims that this was the first use of the term in his Safire's Political Dictionary (2008)
^Oulajan, R.V. (November 16, 1924). "Conflict of Opinion on Henry Cabot Lodge". The New York Times. p. XX6. Retrieved March 23, 2016. Subscription required.
^"Quill Drivers of the Blue Grass". [Salt Lake City, Utah] Deseret Evening News. August 3, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved March 23, 2016 – via newspapers.com.
^White's designation of the brain trust was commented on in "The 'Brain Trust of the Senate". Winfield [Kansas] Daily Free Press. April 13, 1902. p. 4. Retrieved March 23, 2016 – via newspapers.com.
^ abSafire, William Safire's Political Dictionary (2008)
^Boller, Paul F. (2004-07-22). Presidential Campaigns:From George Washington to George W. Bush: From George Washington to George W. Bush. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN978-0-19-516716-0.
^Saul Hansell (1998-01-12). "Paul O'Leary, Economist, Is Dead at 96". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
Rosen, Elliot. (1977). Hoover, Roosevelt, and the Brains Trust.
McElvaine, Robert. (1984). The Great Depression: America 1929–1941
January 01, 1970
brain, trust, other, uses, brain, trust, disambiguation, term, that, originally, described, group, close, advisers, political, candidate, incumbent, these, were, often, academics, were, prized, their, expertise, particular, fields, term, most, associated, with. For other uses see Brain Trust disambiguation Brain trust was a term that originally described a group of close advisers to a political candidate or incumbent these were often academics who were prized for their expertise in particular fields The term is most associated with the group of advisers of Franklin D Roosevelt during his presidential administration More recently however the use of the term has expanded beyond politics to encompass any specialized group of advisers aligned to a decision maker Contents 1 Etymology 2 Roosevelt s Brain Trust 2 1 Members 2 1 1 First New Deal 2 1 2 Second New Deal 2 1 3 Other advisers 3 See also 4 References and sourcesEtymology editEarly use of the term brain trust was patterned on the use of the term trust to depict economic consolidation within an industry This was a subject of much interest at the time and led to the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890 In 1888 the Springfield Missouri Leader used the term in connection with the consolidation of newspapers in the state Too many newspapers in Columbia Mo overstocked the brain market of that town and the Columbian and Statesman formed a trust While sugar coffee lumber whiskey iron coal and other trusts are forming we can see no reason why a brain trust can t be organized 1 Around the same time the Philadelphia Press penned a witticism concerning free traders that made the rounds of U S papers The joke implies the lack of thought output just as trusts consolidation of productive units reduced industrial output Some of the free trade shouters display enough ignorance to excite a suspicion that they have been made the victims of a brain trust 2 Using the term as an analogy to industrial trusts seems to have spread widely in 1888 For example lawyers who signed a fee fixing agreement were called a brain trust 3 In a long lament of the independence of small editors the Marion Ohio Star says that a Brains Trust is evidenced by the machine made opinions of gullible editors 4 Around the same time the term brain trust was employed in a slightly different sense by journalists covering Henry Cabot Lodge During the Spanish American War in 1898 a group of journalists would gather in Senator Lodge s committee room and discuss with him the progress of the war Lodge called this group his board of strategy but the Senate press corp called it the brain trust 5 The sense of the term as depicting a collection of well informed experts was this sense that seemed to catch hold For example in 1901 a group of journalists in a state press association was called a brain trust by the Deseret Evening News 6 It was not long before the term described a group that was so expert that their advice would be almost inevitably agreed to and acted upon Such was the reference to the eight senators who made up the Brain Trust of the Senate as described by William Allen White in the Saturday Evening Post 7 That use became regular for the next two decades as can be seen from the use by Time magazine in 1928 which ran a headline on a meeting of the American Council on Learned Societies titled Brain Trust 8 Roosevelt s Brain Trust editFranklin D Roosevelt s speechwriter and legal counsel Samuel Rosenman suggested having an academic team to advise Roosevelt in March 1932 In 1932 The New York Times writer James Kieran first used the term Brains Trust shortened to Brain Trust later when he applied it to the close group of experts that surrounded United States presidential candidate Franklin Roosevelt According to Roosevelt Brain Trust member Raymond Moley Kieran coined the term however Rosenman contended that Louis Howe a close advisor to the President first used the term but used it derisively in a conversation with Roosevelt 8 9 The core of the Roosevelt brain trust initially consisted of a group of Columbia Law School professors Moley Tugwell and Berle These men played a key role in shaping the policies of the First New Deal 1933 Although they never met together as a group they each had Roosevelt s ear Many newspaper editorials and editorial cartoons ridiculed them as impractical idealists The core of the Roosevelt brain trust later consisted of men associated with Harvard Law School Cohen Corcoran and Frankfurter These men played a key role in shaping the policies of the Second New Deal 1935 1936 Members edit First New Deal edit Adolf Berle original Brain Trust Samuel Rosenman Basil O Connor Hugh S Johnson Raymond Moley original Brain Trust Moley broke with Roosevelt and became a sharp critic of the New Deal from the right Rexford Tugwell original Brain Trust Frances Perkins Harry Hopkins original Brain Trust Harold L Ickes George F Warren Charles William Taussig Louis Brandeis James Warburg Second New Deal edit Benjamin V Cohen Thomas Gardiner Corcoran Felix Frankfurter Other advisers edit Louis Howe James A Farley Paul M O Leary 10 George Peek Charles William Taussig Robert F Wagner F Palmer WeberSee also edit nbsp Look up brain trust in Wiktionary the free dictionary Black Cabinet a group of African Americans who served as public policy advisors to President Franklin D Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor Roosevelt The Brains Trust an informational BBC radio and later television programme popular in the United Kingdom during the 1940s and 1950s Kitchen Cabinet a term used by political opponents of President of the United States Andrew Jackson to describe a collection of unofficial advisors he consulted Think tank a research institute center and organization that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy political strategy economics military technology and culture References and sources editReferences Newspaper Trusts Springfield Mo Leader February 13 1888 p 2 Retrieved March 23 2016 via newspapers com See e g A Little Nonsense Now and Then to Liven Up the Campaign Pittston Pa Evening Gazette February 20 1888 p 2 Retrieved March 23 2016 via newspapers com A New Kind of Trust New Castle Pa Daily City News March 22 1888 p 3 Retrieved March 23 2016 via newspapers com A Brains Trust is Predicted by Growler as an Early Proposition Marion Ohio Star April 8 1800 p 16 Retrieved March 23 2016 William Safire mistakenly claims that this was the first use of the term in his Safire s Political Dictionary 2008 Oulajan R V November 16 1924 Conflict of Opinion on Henry Cabot Lodge The New York Times p XX6 Retrieved March 23 2016 Subscription required Quill Drivers of the Blue Grass Salt Lake City Utah Deseret Evening News August 3 1901 p 1 Retrieved March 23 2016 via newspapers com White s designation of the brain trust was commented on in The Brain Trust of the Senate Winfield Kansas Daily Free Press April 13 1902 p 4 Retrieved March 23 2016 via newspapers com a b Safire William Safire s Political Dictionary 2008 Boller Paul F 2004 07 22 Presidential Campaigns From George Washington to George W Bush From George Washington to George W Bush Oxford University Press USA ISBN 978 0 19 516716 0 Saul Hansell 1998 01 12 Paul O Leary Economist Is Dead at 96 The New York Times Retrieved 6 March 2010 Sources Moley Raymond 1939 After seven years Tugwell Rexford 1968 The Brains Trust Editorial cartoons Archived 2008 04 17 at the Wayback Machine Rosen Elliot 1977 Hoover Roosevelt and the Brains Trust McElvaine Robert 1984 The Great Depression America 1929 1941 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Brain trust amp oldid 1181476441, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
