Benjamin V. Cohen
Benjamin Victor Cohen (September 23, 1894 – August 15, 1983), a member of the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, had a public service career that spanned from the early New Deal to after the Vietnam War.
Benjamin V. Cohen | |
|---|---|
| 6th Counselor of the United States Department of State | |
| In office September 14, 1945 – July 31, 1947 | |
| President | Harry S. Truman |
| Preceded by | R. Walton Moore |
| Succeeded by | Charles E. Bohlen |
| Personal details | |
| Born | September 23, 1894 Muncie, Indiana |
| Died | August 15, 1983 (aged 88) Washington, D.C. |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Chicago Harvard Law School |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
| Known for | Key member of Franklin Roosevelt's brain trust |
Education edit
Cohen earned Bachelor of Philosophy (1914) and Juris Doctor (1915) degrees from the University of Chicago, and a Doctor of Juridical Science (1916) from Harvard Law School.
Early career, Brain Trust, New Deal edit
Cohen was a law clerk to Judge Julian Mack.[1] He served as counsel for the American Zionist Movement from 1919 to 1921, during which he acted as Zionist counsel to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.[2] Cohen practiced law in New York from 1921 to 1933.[2] During this period Cohen worked with the National Consumers League to draft and enact minimum wage, child labor, and worker hours legislation that would survive a challenge in the Supreme Court.[3]
Cohen first appeared on the national scene as a member of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Brain Trust. Cohen became a part of the Roosevelt administration in 1933 when Felix Frankfurter, then a Harvard Law School professor, brought Cohen, Thomas Corcoran, and James M. Landis together to write what became the Truth In Securities Act. Later that year Cohen was assigned to work on railroad legislation.
Much of Cohen's work during the New Deal was in conjunction with Corcoran. Together they were known as the "Gold Dust Twins" and appeared on the cover of Time magazine's September 12, 1938, edition.[4] By 1940 their friendship was well known enough to be used as a simile in P.G. Wodehouse's novel, Quick Service.[5]
World War II and postwar edit
In 1941, before the United States entered World War II, Cohen helped write the Lend-Lease plan. Cohen also assisted in the drafting of the 1944 Dumbarton Oaks agreements leading to the establishment of the United Nations. In 1945 Cohen served as the United States' chief draftsman at the Potsdam Conference.[6]
In 1942, The New York Times published a letter by Cohen and the co-author Erwin Griswold decrying the United States Supreme Court's Betts v. Brady ruling that poor criminal defendants had no right to an attorney. Two decades later the issue again came before the Supreme Court in the Gideon v. Wainwright case. The attorneys for Clarence Earl Gideon, the person accused of a crime, concluded their brief to the Supreme Court with a lengthy quotation from the Cohen/Griswold letter. This time, the Supreme Court ruled that the government must appoint attorneys for criminal defendants who cannot afford an attorney.[7]
In 1944, Cohen became one of the drafters of the United Nations Charter at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, where he worked alongside Charles W. Yost. In 1945, the two once more worked together at the Berlin Conference, on the Potsdam Agreement.
In 1948 Cohen advised both the United States and the new State of Israel with respect to the first official exchange between both countries.[8] Cohen provided crucial advice and counsel to senators working for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957.[9] In 1967 Cohen testified in favor of a proposed United States Senate resolution that would have called upon President Johnson to request the United Nations consider proposals to end the Vietnam War.[10]
Jordan A. Schwarz noted, "Although no government lawyer was as respected as Cohen, he never had a prominent position in government because of his palpable Jewishness."[11]
Personal life edit
Cohen was the uncle of Selma Jeanne Cohen, a prominent dance historian.[12]
Characterizations edit
- "Cohen was known for his slouching posture, sloppy dress, absentminded table manners – and for a skill at drafting legislation that was generally reckoned the best in the United States."[13]
- He "looked and talked, as a friend wrote, 'like a Dickens portrait of an absent-minded professor.'"[14]
Works edit
- Report on the Work of the United Nations Disarmament Commission 2012-02-22 at the Wayback Machine (1953)
- The United Nations: Constitutional Developments, Growth, and Possibilities (Harvard University Press : 1961)
References edit
- Caro, Robert A. (2002), Master of the Senate, New York: Alfred a Knopf Inc, ISBN 0-394-52836-0
- Lash, Joseph P. (1988), Dealers and Dreamers, New York: Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-18716-5
- Lewis, Anthony (1964), Gideon's Trumpet, New York: Random House, ISBN 0-679-72312-9
- Louchheim, Katie (Ed.) (1983), The Making of the New Deal : The Insiders Speak, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-54345-9
- Mee, Jr., Charles L. (1975), Meeting at Potsdam, New York: M. Evans & Company, ISBN 0-87131-167-4
Notes edit
- ^ Lash, p. 16
- ^ a b Louchheim, p. 336.
- ^ Lash, chap. IV
- ^ Gold Dust Twins. Cover
- ^ "We're like Cohen and Corcoran. One of those beautiful friendships." Chapter 9.
- ^ Mee (book club edition), pp. 102, 219 & 223.
- ^ Lewis
- ^ "Counsel to the President," the memoirs of Clark Clifford with Richard Holbrooke, published in 1991 2010-06-13 at the Wayback Machine (visited 9/3/09)
- ^ Caro, pp. 949-51 & 1008.
- ^ Chicago Tribune, "Give Viet Cong Voice In Peace Talks - Cohen" (October 27, 1967).
- ^ Schwarz, Jordan A (1994). The New Dealers. Vintage Books. p. 144.
- ^ See Selma Jeanne Cohen Papers b. 3 f. 20.
- ^ Mee (book club edition), p. 219
- ^ Caro, p. 949
Further reading edit
Biography edit
Lasser, William, Benjamin V. Cohen: Architect of the New Deal (Yale University Press: 2002)
Magazines & Journals edit
- . Time. September 12, 1938.
- Lasser, William. "Biography Behind the Scenes: Benjamin Victor Cohen and the Spirit of the New Deal." Journal of Political Science 20.1 (1992): 9+ online.
Other edit
- Benjamin V. Cohen Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
- Benjamin V. Cohen Papers, Zionist Archives, New York