The type species, Brachauchenius lucasi, lived in the Western Inland Sea of North America around 100-90 million years ago, from the Cenomonian to the Turonian of the Cretaceous. An older specimen from the Barremian of Colombia was considered as part of this genus, representing the first re-occurrence of the non-rhomaleosaurid pliosaurs after a Berriasian-Hauterivian hiatus.[3] However, subsequent analysis of this Colombian specimen shows that it was enough distinctive to warrant a new genus and species, named as Stenorhynchosaurus munozi.[4]
The first known (type) specimen (USNM 4989) was collected by Charles Hazelius Sternberg from Ottawa County, Kansas in 1884.[5][6] It had a skull length of up to 1 m (3.3 ft).[7] The species was named by Samuel W. Williston.[1][8] The individual to which this specimen belongs would have measured 4–5 m (13–16 ft) long.[7]Brachauchenius represents the last known occurrence of a pliosaur in North America.
A larger specimen (FHSM VP-321 - skull length 170 cm) was collected by George Fryer Sternberg in 1952 from the Fairport Chalk of Russell County, Kansas, and later described by Carpenter.[9] Schumacher and Everhart (2005) reported on the age and locality of both Kansas specimens.[10] This specimen is now reassigned to its own genus and species, Megacephalosaurus eulerti.[7]
In 2013, Benson et al. referred a partial cranium from the Chalk Group of England (previously referred to Polyptychodon) to Brachauchenius indet.[11]
In 2015, a pliosaur mandible from Turonian deposits near Goulmima, Morocco were referred to the species Brachauchenius lucasi[2]
Classificationedit
Brachauchenius lucasi holotype skull in dorsal, palatal and lateral views
The cladogram below follows a 2011 analysis by paleontologists Hilary F. Ketchum and Roger B. J. Benson, and reduced to genera only.[12]
^ abcWilliston SW. 1903. North American plesiosaurs. Field Columbian Museum, Pub. 73, Geological Series2 (1):1-79. (29 plates)
^ abANGST, D.; BARDET, N. (2015-08-05). "A new record of the pliosaurBrachauchenius lucasiWilliston, 1903 (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) of Turonian (Late Cretaceous) age, Morocco". Geological Magazine. 153 (3): 449–459. doi:10.1017/s0016756815000321. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 128840902.
^Hampe O. 2005. Considerations on a Brachauchenius skeleton (Pliosauroidea) from the lower Paja Formation (late Barremian) of Villa de Leyva area (Colombia). Fossil Record - Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin8 (1): 37-51.
^Páramo, María E.; Gómez-Pérez, Marcela; Noé, Leslie F.; Etayo, Fernando (2016-04-06). "Stenorhynchosaurus munozi, gen. et sp. nov. a new pliosaurid from the Upper Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of Villa de Leiva, Colombia, South America". Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. 40 (154): 84–103. doi:10.18257/raccefyn.239. ISSN 2382-4980.
^Everhart MJ. 2005. Oceans of Kansas - A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea. Indiana University Press, 320 pp. ISBN0-253-34547-2.
^Everhart MJ. 2007. Historical note on the 1884 discovery of Brachauchenius lucasi (Plesiosauria; Pliosauridae) in Ottawa County, Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science110 (3/4): 255-258.
^ abcdSchumacher, B. A.; Carpenter, K.; Everhart, M. J. (2013). "A new Cretaceous Pliosaurid (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Carlile Shale (middle Turonian) of Russell County, Kansas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (3): 613. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.722576. S2CID 130165209.
^Williston SW. 1907. The skull of Brachauchenius, with special observations on the relationships of the plesiosaurs. United States National Museum Proceedings32: 477-489. (pls. 34-37)
^Carpenter K. 1996. A Review of short-necked plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous of the western interior, North America. Neues Jahbruch für Geol. Palaont. Abh. (Stuttgart)201 (2): 259-287.
^Schumacher BA, Everhart MJ. 2005. A stratigraphic and taxonomic review of plesiosaurs from the old “Fort Benton Group” of central Kansas: A new assessment of old records. Paludicola5 (2): 33-54.
^Benson RBJ, Evans M, Smith AS, Sassoon J, Moore-Faye S, Ketchum HF, Forrest R. 2013. A giant pliosaurid skull from the Late Jurassic of England. PLOS ONE 8(5):e65989 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0065989.
^Hilary F. Ketchum; Roger B. J. Benson (2011). "A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile, longirostrine grade of Early-Middle Jurassic pliosaurids". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 86: 109–129.
External linksedit
Oceans of Kansas Paleontology
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brachauchenius, meaning, short, neck, extinct, genus, pliosaurid, that, lived, north, america, united, states, morocco, during, late, cretaceous, temporal, range, late, cretaceous, preꞒ, holotype, specimen, lucasi, usnm, 4989, scientific, classification, domai. Brachauchenius meaning short neck is an extinct genus of pliosaurid that lived in North America United States and Morocco 2 during the Late Cretaceous BrachaucheniusTemporal range Late Cretaceous 100 90 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Holotype specimen of B lucasi USNM 4989 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Superorder Sauropterygia Order Plesiosauria Family Pliosauridae Subfamily Brachaucheninae Genus BrachaucheniusWilliston 1903 1 Type species Brachauchenius lucasiWilliston 1903 1 Contents 1 History 2 Classification 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory edit nbsp The second known skull of B lucasi USNM 2361 The type species Brachauchenius lucasi lived in the Western Inland Sea of North America around 100 90 million years ago from the Cenomonian to the Turonian of the Cretaceous An older specimen from the Barremian of Colombia was considered as part of this genus representing the first re occurrence of the non rhomaleosaurid pliosaurs after a Berriasian Hauterivian hiatus 3 However subsequent analysis of this Colombian specimen shows that it was enough distinctive to warrant a new genus and species named as Stenorhynchosaurus munozi 4 The first known type specimen USNM 4989 was collected by Charles Hazelius Sternberg from Ottawa County Kansas in 1884 5 6 It had a skull length of up to 1 m 3 3 ft 7 The species was named by Samuel W Williston 1 8 The individual to which this specimen belongs would have measured 4 5 m 13 16 ft long 7 Brachauchenius represents the last known occurrence of a pliosaur in North America A larger specimen FHSM VP 321 skull length 170 cm was collected by George Fryer Sternberg in 1952 from the Fairport Chalk of Russell County Kansas and later described by Carpenter 9 Schumacher and Everhart 2005 reported on the age and locality of both Kansas specimens 10 This specimen is now reassigned to its own genus and species Megacephalosaurus eulerti 7 In 2013 Benson et al referred a partial cranium from the Chalk Group of England previously referred to Polyptychodon to Brachauchenius indet 11 In 2015 a pliosaur mandible from Turonian deposits near Goulmima Morocco were referred to the species Brachauchenius lucasi 2 Classification edit nbsp Brachauchenius lucasi holotype skull in dorsal palatal and lateral views The cladogram below follows a 2011 analysis by paleontologists Hilary F Ketchum and Roger B J Benson and reduced to genera only 12 nbsp B lucasi pursuing a hesperornithiform bird Pliosauroidea Rhomaleosauridae Anningasaura Plesiosaurus macrocephalus Archaeonectrus Macroplata Atychodracon Eurycleidus Rhomaleosaurus Meyerasaurus Maresaurus Pliosauridae Thalassiodracon Hauffiosaurus Attenborosaurus BMNH R2439 Marmornectes Pliosaurus andrewsi OUMNH J 02247 Peloneustes Simolestes Liopleurodon Pliosaurus Megacephalosaurus 7 Brachauchenius KronosaurusSee also edit nbsp Paleontology portal List of plesiosaur genera Timeline of plesiosaur researchReferences edit a b c Williston SW 1903 North American plesiosaurs Field Columbian Museum Pub 73 Geological Series 2 1 1 79 29 plates a b ANGST D BARDET N 2015 08 05 A new record of the pliosaurBrachauchenius lucasiWilliston 1903 Reptilia Sauropterygia of Turonian Late Cretaceous age Morocco Geological Magazine 153 3 449 459 doi 10 1017 s0016756815000321 ISSN 0016 7568 S2CID 128840902 Hampe O 2005 Considerations on a Brachauchenius skeleton Pliosauroidea from the lower Paja Formation late Barremian of Villa de Leyva area Colombia Fossil Record Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin 8 1 37 51 Paramo Maria E Gomez Perez Marcela Noe Leslie F Etayo Fernando 2016 04 06 Stenorhynchosaurus munozi gen et sp nov a new pliosaurid from the Upper Barremian Lower Cretaceous of Villa de Leiva Colombia South America Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales 40 154 84 103 doi 10 18257 raccefyn 239 ISSN 2382 4980 Everhart MJ 2005 Oceans of Kansas A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea Indiana University Press 320 pp ISBN 0 253 34547 2 Everhart MJ 2007 Historical note on the 1884 discovery of Brachauchenius lucasi Plesiosauria Pliosauridae in Ottawa County Kansas Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 110 3 4 255 258 a b c d Schumacher B A Carpenter K Everhart M J 2013 A new Cretaceous Pliosaurid Reptilia Plesiosauria from the Carlile Shale middle Turonian of Russell County Kansas Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 3 613 doi 10 1080 02724634 2013 722576 S2CID 130165209 Williston SW 1907 The skull of Brachauchenius with special observations on the relationships of the plesiosaurs United States National Museum Proceedings 32 477 489 pls 34 37 Carpenter K 1996 A Review of short necked plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous of the western interior North America Neues Jahbruch fur Geol Palaont Abh Stuttgart 201 2 259 287 Schumacher BA Everhart MJ 2005 A stratigraphic and taxonomic review of plesiosaurs from the old Fort Benton Group of central Kansas A new assessment of old records Paludicola 5 2 33 54 Benson RBJ Evans M Smith AS Sassoon J Moore Faye S Ketchum HF Forrest R 2013 A giant pliosaurid skull from the Late Jurassic of England PLOS ONE 8 5 e65989 DOI 10 1371 journal pone 0065989 Hilary F Ketchum Roger B J Benson 2011 A new pliosaurid Sauropterygia Plesiosauria from the Oxford Clay Formation Middle Jurassic Callovian of England evidence for a gracile longirostrine grade of Early Middle Jurassic pliosaurids Special Papers in Palaeontology 86 109 129 External links editOceans of Kansas Paleontology nbsp This article about a plesiosaur is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Brachauchenius amp oldid 1221982339, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
