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Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina

January 23, 2023

Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

Radio and television

See also: List of radio stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Television in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Communications Regulatory Agency (CRA) is charged with regulating the country's radio and television media.[2]

During the Bosnian war, most media became propaganda tools of the authorities, armies, and factions. Since then, efforts have been made—with limited success—to develop media which bridge ethnic boundaries.[3]

TV is the chief news source. The most influential broadcasters are the public radio and TV stations operated by the Bosniak-Croat and Serb entities. The Office of the High Representative (OHR), the leading international civilian agency in Bosnia, oversaw the development of national public broadcasting. The OHR worked to create a non-nationalist, civic media.[3]

Sarajevo is home to Al-Jazeera Balkans TV, an offshoot of the Qatar-based pan-Arab news network, broadcasting in Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian.[3]

Telephones

See also: Telephone numbers in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 
Telecom and radio infrastructure on a rooftop in the city of Pale, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina (c. 2012)

The telecommunications sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina is undergoing liberalisation. Up to 2006, there were three licensed fixed telecommunication operators: BH Telecom, based in Sarajevo, covering 51% of the population of BiH and most of the territory of the Federation of BiH; Telekom Srpske, based in Banja Luka, covering 34% of the population of BiH, mainly in the territory of Republica Srpska; and HT Eronet, covering 16% of the population of BiH, mainly in the Federation of BiH. The three companies enjoyed a de facto monopoly over their operating areas, although they have nationwide licenses for domestic and international calls.[4]: 180  New competitors, such as Telemach, have entered the marked since the start of its liberalisation in 2007.[5][6] The numbers of fixed telephony service subscribers were 849,027 in 2001 and 1,022,475 in 2007. Fixed telephony penetration rates increased from 22.35% (2001) to 26.41% (2007).[4]: 189–190 

The mobile telephony sector is highly competitive,[citation needed] as the three main telephone operators compete nationwide with the brands BH Mobile, M:Tel and ERONET.[4]: 182  Mobile networks cover 99% of the population and have a 63.29% penetration rate, with 2,450,425 subscribers in 2007, doubling from 2004.[4]: 192  All three mobile operators operate on 4G+ network.[7]

The TLC operators are still mainly state-owned and there is strong resistance to privatisation, with 90% of BH Telecom and 50.1% of HT Mostar owned by the Federation of BiH. In Republika Srpska, Telekom Srpska was privatised and is now mainly (65%) owned by Telekom Srbija[4]: 186 

The three main TLC operators have strong links to political parties. In 2003, an OHR-mandated audit revealed that BH Telekom, RS Telekom and HT Mostar suffered substantial misure of funds, corruption and mismanagement, with a total loss of USD 57 million in 2002. Pressure for reform was raised by the public revelation of high salaries and financial support to political parties. This led to the sacking of the board of Bosniak-controlled BH Telekom in 2003. [8] Yet, telecom companies continued being used as cash-machines by Bosnian political parties. In 2010, a U.S. cable defined Eronet and HT Mostar as HDZ BiH's "traditional cash cow", noting how "As Federation Minister of Finance in 1999, Covic helped arrange the transfer of Eronet to three private companies owned by HDZ-BiH interests. [Stipe] Prlic, as HT Mostar's General Manager, challenged the privatization in court and won, arguing that the Federation government had not authorized it. Covic has fought Prlic's reappointment ever since."[9][10]

The telecommunications market is regulated by the Communications Regulatory Agency, which also regulates broadcasting and Internet sectors.[6]

Internet

Internet censorship and surveillance

There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms.[2]

The Press Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the organization responsible for self-regulation of online and print media content. In 2012 the Press Council considered 176 complaints alleging inaccurate or libelous reporting by print and online media (103 for print and 73 for online media), accepting 35 as valid and rejecting 19 as unfounded.[2]

The law provides for freedom of speech and press; however, the government does not always respect press freedom in practice. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina law prohibits hate speech. The Republika Srpska law does not specifically proscribe hate speech, although the law prohibits causing ethnic, racial, or religious hatred. Independent analysts note a continuing tendency of politicians and other leaders to label unwanted criticism as hate speech.[2]

The law prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government generally respects these prohibitions in practice.[2]

See also

Public domain material

  • This article incorporates material from websites or documents of the Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Regulatorna agencija za komunikacije Bosne i Hercegovine) "2012 editions".[20]
  •   This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook (2023 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2014 edition)
  •   This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Communications: Bosnia and Herzegovina", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 28 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Bosnia and Herzegovina", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  3. ^ a b c "Bosnia-Hercegovina profile - Media", BBC News, 18 December 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e AGCOM & CRA, 2008, Overview of the Communications Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  5. ^ Communications Regulatory Agency, 2009a, Public Register of Public Broadcasters
  6. ^ a b Tarik Jusić, "Bosnia and Herzegovina", EJC Media Landscapes
  7. ^ "Isprobali smo 4G mrežu u Sarajevu: Brzine i do 230 MBPS".
  8. ^ Nations in Transit, 2004
  9. ^ Wikileaks, SARAJEVO 00000061 001.2 OF 002
  10. ^ Scoop.co.nz
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Telekomunikacijski pokazatelji BiH u 2019. godini (PDF). Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  12. ^ . University Tele-Informatics Centre (UTIC). Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  13. ^ "NIC.ba Registracija domene" [NIC.ba Domain Registration] (in Bosnian). University Tele-Informatics Centre (UTIC). Retrieved 19 September 2013. English translation.
  14. ^ "Stopa korištenosti interneta u BiH za 2021. Godinu 95,55%".
  15. ^ "Stopa korištenosti interneta u BiH za 2021. Godinu 95,55%".
  16. ^ "Stopa korištenosti interneta u BiH za 2021. Godinu 95,55%".
  17. ^ "Stopa korištenosti interneta u BiH za 2021. Godinu 95,55%".
  18. ^ "Stopa korištenosti interneta u BiH za 2021. Godinu 95,55%".
  19. ^ "Stopa korištenosti interneta u BiH za 2021. Godinu 95,55%".
  20. ^ Telecommunications indicators for 2012. Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 18 April 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Communications Regulatory Agency (CRA) of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • NIC.ba (in Bosnian), .ba domain registrar

January 23, 2023
telecommunications, bosnia, herzegovina, include, radio, television, fixed, mobile, telephones, internet, contents, radio, television, telephones, internet, internet, censorship, surveillance, also, public, domain, material, references, external, linksradio, t. Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina include radio television fixed and mobile telephones and the Internet Contents 1 Radio and television 2 Telephones 3 Internet 3 1 Internet censorship and surveillance 4 See also 5 Public domain material 6 References 7 External linksRadio and television EditSee also List of radio stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Television in Bosnia and Herzegovina Radio stations 3 large public radio broadcasters and many private radio stations 2010 1 Television stations 3 public TV broadcasters Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina BHRT Federation TV operating 2 networks and Radio Televizija Republike Srpske a local commercial network of 5 TV stations 3 private near national TV stations and dozens of small independent TV stations 2010 1 The Communications Regulatory Agency CRA is charged with regulating the country s radio and television media 2 During the Bosnian war most media became propaganda tools of the authorities armies and factions Since then efforts have been made with limited success to develop media which bridge ethnic boundaries 3 TV is the chief news source The most influential broadcasters are the public radio and TV stations operated by the Bosniak Croat and Serb entities The Office of the High Representative OHR the leading international civilian agency in Bosnia oversaw the development of national public broadcasting The OHR worked to create a non nationalist civic media 3 Sarajevo is home to Al Jazeera Balkans TV an offshoot of the Qatar based pan Arab news network broadcasting in Bosnian Croatian and Serbian 3 Telephones EditSee also Telephone numbers in Bosnia and Herzegovina Telecom and radio infrastructure on a rooftop in the city of Pale Republika Srpska Bosnia and Herzegovina c 2012 The telecommunications sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina is undergoing liberalisation Up to 2006 there were three licensed fixed telecommunication operators BH Telecom based in Sarajevo covering 51 of the population of BiH and most of the territory of the Federation of BiH Telekom Srpske based in Banja Luka covering 34 of the population of BiH mainly in the territory of Republica Srpska and HT Eronet covering 16 of the population of BiH mainly in the Federation of BiH The three companies enjoyed a de facto monopoly over their operating areas although they have nationwide licenses for domestic and international calls 4 180 New competitors such as Telemach have entered the marked since the start of its liberalisation in 2007 5 6 The numbers of fixed telephony service subscribers were 849 027 in 2001 and 1 022 475 in 2007 Fixed telephony penetration rates increased from 22 35 2001 to 26 41 2007 4 189 190 The mobile telephony sector is highly competitive citation needed as the three main telephone operators compete nationwide with the brands BH Mobile M Tel and ERONET 4 182 Mobile networks cover 99 of the population and have a 63 29 penetration rate with 2 450 425 subscribers in 2007 doubling from 2004 4 192 All three mobile operators operate on 4G network 7 The TLC operators are still mainly state owned and there is strong resistance to privatisation with 90 of BH Telecom and 50 1 of HT Mostar owned by the Federation of BiH In Republika Srpska Telekom Srpska was privatised and is now mainly 65 owned by Telekom Srbija 4 186 The three main TLC operators have strong links to political parties In 2003 an OHR mandated audit revealed that BH Telekom RS Telekom and HT Mostar suffered substantial misure of funds corruption and mismanagement with a total loss of USD 57 million in 2002 Pressure for reform was raised by the public revelation of high salaries and financial support to political parties This led to the sacking of the board of Bosniak controlled BH Telekom in 2003 8 Yet telecom companies continued being used as cash machines by Bosnian political parties In 2010 a U S cable defined Eronet and HT Mostar as HDZ BiH s traditional cash cow noting how As Federation Minister of Finance in 1999 Covic helped arrange the transfer of Eronet to three private companies owned by HDZ BiH interests Stipe Prlic as HT Mostar s General Manager challenged the privatization in court and won arguing that the Federation government had not authorized it Covic has fought Prlic s reappointment ever since 9 10 The telecommunications market is regulated by the Communications Regulatory Agency which also regulates broadcasting and Internet sectors 6 Calling code 387 1 Total fixed lines 583 729 lines 2019 11 356 262 analog fixed lines 2019 29 840 ISDN B channels 2019 13 341 Cellular local loop CLL subscriptions 2019 183 425 Voice over IP subscriptions 2019 861 public phones 2019 Residential fixed lines 447 010 2019 11 Business fixed lines 135 858 2019 11 Total mobile cellular 3 7 million active subscriptions 2019 11 2 7 million prepaid mobile cellular subscriptions 2019 969 578 postpaid mobile cellular subscriptions 2019 Mobile cellular penetration 11 95 0 of the population covered by 3G mobile networks 2019 99 0 of the population covered by GSM mobile networks 2019 Short Message Service 455 7 million SMS messages sent 2019 11 Multimedia Messaging Service 1 1 million MMS messages sent 2019 11 Service providers 12 alternative fixed line operators 2019 11 Internet EditTop level domain ba 1 the Univerzitetski tele informaticki centar UTIC University Tele Informatics Centre at the University of Sarajevo is the ba domain administrator 12 13 Fixed Internet 797 893 subscriptions 2021 14 Internet Users 3 374 094 95 55 of the population 2021 15 0 dial up subscriptions 2021 16 797 893 broadband subscriptions 2021 17 416 021 digital subscriber line subscriptions 2021 18 381 872 cable modem subscriptions 2021 19 60 936 fixed wireless access FWA subscriptions 2019 980 leased line subscriptions 2019 30 231 fibre to the home FTTH subscriptions 2019 287 other fixed broadband subscriptions 2019 Internet hosts 155 252 hosts 77th in the world 1 Internet service providers ISPs 65 2019 11 Internet censorship and surveillance Edit There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitors e mail or Internet chat rooms 2 The Press Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the organization responsible for self regulation of online and print media content In 2012 the Press Council considered 176 complaints alleging inaccurate or libelous reporting by print and online media 103 for print and 73 for online media accepting 35 as valid and rejecting 19 as unfounded 2 The law provides for freedom of speech and press however the government does not always respect press freedom in practice The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina law prohibits hate speech The Republika Srpska law does not specifically proscribe hate speech although the law prohibits causing ethnic racial or religious hatred Independent analysts note a continuing tendency of politicians and other leaders to label unwanted criticism as hate speech 2 The law prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy family home or correspondence and the government generally respects these prohibitions in practice 2 See also EditMedia of Bosnia and Herzegovina Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina BHRT Radio Television of the Republic of Srpska RTRS entity level radio and television broadcaster in Republika Srpska Radio Television of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina RTVFBiH public radio and television broadcaster Public domain material EditThis article incorporates material from websites or documents of the Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Regulatorna agencija za komunikacije Bosne i Hercegovine 2012 editions 20 This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook 2023 ed CIA Archived 2014 edition This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State References Edit a b c d e Communications Bosnia and Herzegovina World Factbook U S Central Intelligence Agency 28 January 2014 Retrieved 30 January 2014 a b c d e Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012 Bureau of Democracy Human Rights and Labor U S Department of State 22 March 2013 Retrieved 30 January 2014 a b c Bosnia Hercegovina profile Media BBC News 18 December 2012 Retrieved 30 January 2014 a b c d e AGCOM amp CRA 2008 Overview of the Communications Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina Communications Regulatory Agency 2009a Public Register of Public Broadcasters a b Tarik Jusic Bosnia and Herzegovina EJC Media Landscapes Isprobali smo 4G mrezu u Sarajevu Brzine i do 230 MBPS Nations in Transit 2004 Wikileaks SARAJEVO 00000061 001 2 OF 002 Scoop co nz a b c d e f g h i Telekomunikacijski pokazatelji BiH u 2019 godini PDF Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Retrieved 25 October 2020 Welcome to the UTIC s web pages University Tele Informatics Centre UTIC Archived from the original on 1 October 2013 Retrieved 19 September 2013 NIC ba Registracija domene NIC ba Domain Registration in Bosnian University Tele Informatics Centre UTIC Retrieved 19 September 2013 English translation Stopa koristenosti interneta u BiH za 2021 Godinu 95 55 Stopa koristenosti interneta u BiH za 2021 Godinu 95 55 Stopa koristenosti interneta u BiH za 2021 Godinu 95 55 Stopa koristenosti interneta u BiH za 2021 Godinu 95 55 Stopa koristenosti interneta u BiH za 2021 Godinu 95 55 Stopa koristenosti interneta u BiH za 2021 Godinu 95 55 Telecommunications indicators for 2012 Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina 18 April 2013 Retrieved 19 September 2013 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina Communications Regulatory Agency CRA of Bosnia and Herzegovina NIC ba in Bosnian ba domain registrar Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina amp oldid 1121691998, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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