Bogurodzica (Polish pronunciation:[bɔɡurɔˈd͡ʑit͡sa], calque of the Greek term Theotokos), in English known as the Mother of God, is a medieval Roman Catholic hymn composed sometime between the 10th and 13th centuries in Poland. It is believed to be the oldest religious hymn or patriotic anthem in the Polish language,[1] which was traditionally sung in Old Polish with the Greek phrase Kyrie eleison – "Lord, have mercy". While its origin is not entirely clear, several scholars agree that Saint Adalbert of Prague is the likely author.[2] Polish knights chanted Bogurodzica prior to their engagement at the Battle of Grunwald[3] and it also accompanied the coronation ceremonies of the first Jagiellonian kings.
It was recorded in writing at the beginning of the 15th century. Two records preserved till today date back to that time:
the Kcynia record including two initial stanzas together with musical notation;
the Kraków record covering thirteen stanzas without notes.
Other records date back to the second half of the fifteenth century, the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and to the beginning of the 16th century. In 1509, the hymn was printed in Kraków and incorporated into the "Statutes of Bishop Jan Łaski".[4]
The origin of the song is not clear, although Saint Adalbert is widely believed to be its author or contributor.[2][5] It heavily reflected Latin and Christian liturgy as a whole. The two initial stanzas were created first - possibly in the middle or at the end of the thirteenth century, or possibly at the very beginning of the fourteenth century.
Bogurodzica is a prayer hymn whose first stanza contains an invocation to Christ through the intercession of Mary. It begins with an apostrophe to her - to the Mother of Christ, the Virgin, praised by God, the chosen one. After the apostrophe, there is an appeal to Mary to win favour for people from her Son.
The second stanza begins with a direct addresses to Christ (called God's Son) - with an invocation to John the Baptist who can support human imploring. The prayer closing this stanza contains a request that Christ give people a blissful stay on Earth and, after death, everlasting existence in heaven. The subsequent stanzas develop various motifs such as Easter, the Passion of Jesus and litany - with invocations to the saints.
Bogurodzica was initially associated with religious mass and procession, however, by the fifteenth century it became a war hymn and a battle cry. According to Jan Długosz, historian and author of Annales seu Cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae, Bogurodzica was sung at Grunwald in 1410 as well as before other notable battles in the subsequent years. It also accompanied the coronation of Władysław III of Poland. Długosz defined the tune as "carmen patrium" – 'the hymn of the fatherland'. In spite of this, the hymn lost its significance over the upcoming centuries to new patriotic anthems, notably "Rota" and "Poland Is Not Yet Lost".
Lyricsedit
Old Polish[6] Bogurodzica dziewica, Bogiem sławiena Maryja! U twego syna Gospodzina Matko zwolena, Maryja, Zyszczy nam, spuści nam! Kyrie eleison!
Twego dziela Krzciciela, bożycze, Usłysz głosy, napełń myśli człowiecze! Słysz modlitwę, jąż nosimy, A dać raczy, jegoż prosimy: A na świecie zbożny pobyt, Po żywocie rajski przebyt! Kyrie eleison!
English[6] Virgin, Mother of God, God-famed Mary! Ask Thy Son, our Lord, God-named Mary, To have mercy upon us and hand it over to us! Kyrie eleison!(in Greek)
Son of God, for Thy Baptist's sake, Hear the voices, fulfill the pleas we make! Listen to the prayer we say, For what we ask, give us today: Life on earth free of vice; After life: paradise! Kyrie eleison!
Henryk Górecki - a "motto" based on the incipit of Bogurodzica included in Songs of Joy and Rhythm (version of 1960); Symphony no. 1 (1959); Miserere, op. 44, (1981); and the Harpsichord Concerto, op. 40 (1980; first movement).[7]
^Comber, John; Morawski, Jerzy (2001). The History of Music in Poland (in Polish). Warsaw: Sutkowski. p. 664. ISBN9788391703526.
^ abA. P. Vlasto (1970). The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs. Cambridge University Press. p. 123. ISBN9780521074599.
^Knoll, Paul W. "Learning in Late Piast Poland". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 120 (2): 149–150 – via JSTOR.
^Łaski, Jan. "Commune incliti Poloniae Regni Privilegium Constitutionum et indultuum publicitus decretorum approbatorumque.../Statut Łaskiego". Tarnowska Biblioteka Cyfrowa/Tarnow Digital Library. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
^Harley, Maria Anna. "Górecki and the Paradigm of the "Maternal"". The Musical Quarterly. 82, 1 (Spring, 1998): 83.
Bibliographyedit
Bogurodzica. Oprac. J. Woronczak, wstęp językoznawczy E. Ostrowska, oprac. muzykologiczne H. Feicht, Wrocław 1962. Biblioteka Pisarzów Polskich.
J.Birkenmajer, Bogurodzica Dziewica. Analiza tekstu, treści i formy, Lwów 1937.
S.Urbańczyk, "Bogurodzica". Problemy czasu powstania i tła kulturalnego, w: Prace z dziejów języka polskiego, Wrocław 1979.
A.Czyż, Bogurodzica - między Wschodem i Zachodem. Kilka myśli o duchowej jedności Europy, w: Światło i słowo. Egzystencjalne czytanie tekstów dawnych, Warszawa 1995.
W. Wydra, Dlaczego pod Grunwaldem śpiewano "Bogurodzicę"? Trzy rozdziały o najdawniejszych polskich pieśniach religijnych, Poznań, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne, 2000.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bogurodzica.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Bogurodzica
Polish Literature in English Translation: "Bogurodzica"
January 01, 1970
bogurodzica, polish, pronunciation, bɔɡurɔˈd, ʑit, calque, greek, term, theotokos, english, known, mother, medieval, roman, catholic, hymn, composed, sometime, between, 10th, 13th, centuries, poland, believed, oldest, religious, hymn, patriotic, anthem, polish. Bogurodzica Polish pronunciation bɔɡurɔˈd ʑit sa calque of the Greek term Theotokos in English known as the Mother of God is a medieval Roman Catholic hymn composed sometime between the 10th and 13th centuries in Poland It is believed to be the oldest religious hymn or patriotic anthem in the Polish language 1 which was traditionally sung in Old Polish with the Greek phrase Kyrie eleison Lord have mercy While its origin is not entirely clear several scholars agree that Saint Adalbert of Prague is the likely author 2 Polish knights chanted Bogurodzica prior to their engagement at the Battle of Grunwald 3 and it also accompanied the coronation ceremonies of the first Jagiellonian kings source source track track Bogurodzica performed by Collegium Vocale Bydgoszcz Bogurodzica manuscript 1407 Contents 1 History 2 Lyrics 3 Quotations in modern music 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksHistory edit nbsp Bogurodzica 1506 It was recorded in writing at the beginning of the 15th century Two records preserved till today date back to that time the Kcynia record including two initial stanzas together with musical notation the Krakow record covering thirteen stanzas without notes Other records date back to the second half of the fifteenth century the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and to the beginning of the 16th century In 1509 the hymn was printed in Krakow and incorporated into the Statutes of Bishop Jan Laski 4 The origin of the song is not clear although Saint Adalbert is widely believed to be its author or contributor 2 5 It heavily reflected Latin and Christian liturgy as a whole The two initial stanzas were created first possibly in the middle or at the end of the thirteenth century or possibly at the very beginning of the fourteenth century Bogurodzica is a prayer hymn whose first stanza contains an invocation to Christ through the intercession of Mary It begins with an apostrophe to her to the Mother of Christ the Virgin praised by God the chosen one After the apostrophe there is an appeal to Mary to win favour for people from her Son The second stanza begins with a direct addresses to Christ called God s Son with an invocation to John the Baptist who can support human imploring The prayer closing this stanza contains a request that Christ give people a blissful stay on Earth and after death everlasting existence in heaven The subsequent stanzas develop various motifs such as Easter the Passion of Jesus and litany with invocations to the saints Bogurodzica was initially associated with religious mass and procession however by the fifteenth century it became a war hymn and a battle cry According to Jan Dlugosz historian and author of Annales seu Cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae Bogurodzica was sung at Grunwald in 1410 as well as before other notable battles in the subsequent years It also accompanied the coronation of Wladyslaw III of Poland Dlugosz defined the tune as carmen patrium the hymn of the fatherland In spite of this the hymn lost its significance over the upcoming centuries to new patriotic anthems notably Rota and Poland Is Not Yet Lost Lyrics editOld Polish 6 Bogurodzica dziewica Bogiem slawiena Maryja U twego syna Gospodzina Matko zwolena Maryja Zyszczy nam spusci nam Kyrie eleison Twego dziela Krzciciela bozycze Uslysz glosy napeln mysli czlowiecze Slysz modlitwe jaz nosimy A dac raczy jegoz prosimy A na swiecie zbozny pobyt Po zywocie rajski przebyt Kyrie eleison English 6 Virgin Mother of God God famed Mary Ask Thy Son our Lord God named Mary To have mercy upon us and hand it over to us Kyrie eleison in Greek Son of God for Thy Baptist s sake Hear the voices fulfill the pleas we make Listen to the prayer we say For what we ask give us today Life on earth free of vice After life paradise Kyrie eleison Quotations in modern music edit nbsp Bogurodzica by Jozef Brandt 1909 Andrzej Panufnik Sinfonia sacra 1963 Wojciech Kilar Bogurodzica for choir and orchestra 1975 Krzysztof Meyer Symfony No 6 Polish 1982 Chlopomania Bogurodzica from Ludomania 2008 Anna Witczak Czerniawska amp Maleo Reggae Rockers feat Mazzoll Bogurodzica 2015 Henryk Gorecki a motto based on the incipit of Bogurodzica included in Songs of Joy and Rhythm version of 1960 Symphony no 1 1959 Miserere op 44 1981 and the Harpsichord Concerto op 40 1980 first movement 7 See also editGaude mater Polonia Hospodine pomiluj nyReferences edit Comber John Morawski Jerzy 2001 The History of Music in Poland in Polish Warsaw Sutkowski p 664 ISBN 9788391703526 a b A P Vlasto 1970 The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs Cambridge University Press p 123 ISBN 9780521074599 Knoll Paul W Learning in Late Piast Poland Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 120 2 149 150 via JSTOR Laski Jan Commune incliti Poloniae Regni Privilegium Constitutionum et indultuum publicitus decretorum approbatorumque Statut Laskiego Tarnowska Biblioteka Cyfrowa Tarnow Digital Library Retrieved 27 August 2023 Paula Jean Miller Richard Fossey 2004 Mapping the Catholic Cultural Landscape Rowman amp Littlefield p 84 ISBN 9780742531840 a b Zawadzki Jarek 2007 Selected Masterpieces of Polish Poetry Jarek Zawadzki ISBN 978 1 4196 7999 5 Harley Maria Anna Gorecki and the Paradigm of the Maternal The Musical Quarterly 82 1 Spring 1998 83 Bibliography editBogurodzica Oprac J Woronczak wstep jezykoznawczy E Ostrowska oprac muzykologiczne H Feicht Wroclaw 1962 Biblioteka Pisarzow Polskich J Birkenmajer Bogurodzica Dziewica Analiza tekstu tresci i formy Lwow 1937 S Urbanczyk Bogurodzica Problemy czasu powstania i tla kulturalnego w Prace z dziejow jezyka polskiego Wroclaw 1979 A Czyz Bogurodzica miedzy Wschodem i Zachodem Kilka mysli o duchowej jednosci Europy w Swiatlo i slowo Egzystencjalne czytanie tekstow dawnych Warszawa 1995 W Wydra Dlaczego pod Grunwaldem spiewano Bogurodzice Trzy rozdzialy o najdawniejszych polskich piesniach religijnych Poznan Wydawnictwo Poznanskie Studia Polonistyczne 2000 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bogurodzica nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Bogurodzica Polish Literature in English Translation Bogurodzica Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bogurodzica amp oldid 1194683937, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
