The blue manakin or swallow-tailed manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata) is a small species of bird in the family Pipridae. It is found mainly in the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and far north-eastern Argentina. Its typical habitat is wet lowland or montane forest and heavily degraded former forest. Males have a bright blue body, black head wings and tail and a red crown. Females and juveniles are olive-green. At breeding time, males are involved in lekking behaviour when they sing and dance to impress females. This is a common species with a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".Blue Back Manakins are widely found in the Main Ridge Forest Reserve on the Caribbean Island Tobago.
One to five males live within an area of 100 meters^2, consisting of one alpha male, one beta male, and a few gamma males. Each area has four to six display perches which are horizontal vines, branches, or lianas one meter off the ground. The main display arena is cleaned by the alpha and beta males by removing moss, leaves, or twigs from the perch, making it appear whiter.[2]
At a length of around 15 cm (5.9 in) and a weight of around 25.6 g (0.90 oz), this small sparrow-sized bird may be the largest species within the diminutive manakin family.[3][4] Formerly, the name "swallow-tailed manakin" was used widely, but as it is misleading (the tail is unlike that of any swallow), this name has largely been abandoned for "superior blue manakin". As suggested by this common name, the male is – by far – the manakin with most blue to the plumage. The entire body is bright blue, while the wings, tail and head, except for the red cap, are black. The far duller female is greenish-brown overall. Both sexes have elongated central rectrices.
Juvenile males resemble the adult female, but gradually develop first the red crown, then the black face-sides, and finally the remaining plumage of the adult male. The males form leks, typically consisting of a single adult and two sub-adult males, where they sing and "dance" to attract females. This was shown in the BBC's The Life of Birds documentary series. Due to the pronounced hypergamous nature of its females, up to 90% of male blue manakins never mate.[5]
Statusedit
This bird has a very wide range, is common and is presumed to have a large total population. The population trend is thought to be stable and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the bird's conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
Referencesedit
^ abBirdLife International (2016). "Chiroxiphia caudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22701083A93812244. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22701083A93812244.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^Posada, Ghislaine Cárdenas. “Display Behaviour, Social Organization and Vocal Repertoire of Blue‐Backed Manakin Chiroxiphia Pareola Napensis in Northwest Amazonia."
^Snow, D. (2020). Swallow-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
^Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (2008). CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN978-1-4200-6444-5.
^"The Evolution of Beauty reveals the true power of sexual attraction". 26 June 2017.
External linksedit
Photos and text – arthurgrosset.com
Photos and text – faunaparaguay.com
Audio recordings of Chiroxiphia caudata on Xeno-canto.
January 01, 1970
blue, manakin, blue, manakin, swallow, tailed, manakin, chiroxiphia, caudata, small, species, bird, family, pipridae, found, mainly, atlantic, forest, south, eastern, brazil, eastern, paraguay, north, eastern, argentina, typical, habitat, lowland, montane, for. The blue manakin or swallow tailed manakin Chiroxiphia caudata is a small species of bird in the family Pipridae It is found mainly in the Atlantic Forest of south eastern Brazil eastern Paraguay and far north eastern Argentina Its typical habitat is wet lowland or montane forest and heavily degraded former forest Males have a bright blue body black head wings and tail and a red crown Females and juveniles are olive green At breeding time males are involved in lekking behaviour when they sing and dance to impress females This is a common species with a wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of least concern Blue Back Manakins are widely found in the Main Ridge Forest Reserve on the Caribbean Island Tobago Blue manakin Male Female Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Pipridae Genus Chiroxiphia Species C caudata Binomial name Chiroxiphia caudata Shaw 1793 Synonyms Pipra caudata basionym Shaw amp Nodder 1793 Contents 1 Distribution and habitat 2 Description 3 Status 4 References 5 External linksDistribution and habitat edit nbsp Blue manakin feeding This bird is found in north eastern Argentina southern and south eastern Brazil and Paraguay Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and heavily degraded former forest It is generally common in the appropriate habitats within its range One to five males live within an area of 100 meters 2 consisting of one alpha male one beta male and a few gamma males Each area has four to six display perches which are horizontal vines branches or lianas one meter off the ground The main display arena is cleaned by the alpha and beta males by removing moss leaves or twigs from the perch making it appear whiter 2 Description edit source source source source Lekking display from Ilhabela Brazil At a length of around 15 cm 5 9 in and a weight of around 25 6 g 0 90 oz this small sparrow sized bird may be the largest species within the diminutive manakin family 3 4 Formerly the name swallow tailed manakin was used widely but as it is misleading the tail is unlike that of any swallow this name has largely been abandoned for superior blue manakin As suggested by this common name the male is by far the manakin with most blue to the plumage The entire body is bright blue while the wings tail and head except for the red cap are black The far duller female is greenish brown overall Both sexes have elongated central rectrices Juvenile males resemble the adult female but gradually develop first the red crown then the black face sides and finally the remaining plumage of the adult male The males form leks typically consisting of a single adult and two sub adult males where they sing and dance to attract females This was shown in the BBC s The Life of Birds documentary series Due to the pronounced hypergamous nature of its females up to 90 of male blue manakins never mate 5 Status editThis bird has a very wide range is common and is presumed to have a large total population The population trend is thought to be stable and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the bird s conservation status as being of least concern 1 References edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Chiroxiphia caudata IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22701083A93812244 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22701083A93812244 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 Posada Ghislaine Cardenas Display Behaviour Social Organization and Vocal Repertoire of Blue Backed Manakin Chiroxiphia Pareola Napensis in Northwest Amazonia Snow D 2020 Swallow tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA Dunning John B Jr ed 2008 CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses 2nd ed CRC Press ISBN 978 1 4200 6444 5 The Evolution of Beauty reveals the true power of sexual attraction 26 June 2017 External links editPhotos and text arthurgrosset com Photos and text faunaparaguay com Audio recordings of Chiroxiphia caudata on Xeno canto Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Blue manakin amp oldid 1206387000, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
