Blechnum, known as hard fern, is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[1] Two very different circumscriptions of the genus are used by different authors. In the PPG I system, based on Gasper et al. (2016),[2]Blechnum is one of 18 genera in the subfamily Blechnoideae, and has about 30 species.[1] Other sources use a very broadly defined Blechnum s.l., including accepting only two other genera in the subfamily. The genus then has about 250 species.[3] In the PPG I circumscription, the genus is mostly neotropical, with a few southern African species.
Plants in the genus Blechnum (as circumscribed in the PPG I classification) are mainly terrestrial or grow on rocks; few are epiphytes. Their rhizomes may be upright or creeping and have scales with entire margins or at most a few very small teeth. They generally form stolons, which is a characteristic of the genus. The sterile and fertile fronds are usually of the same form or at most slightly different. The blades of the fronds are of one colour and are usually pinnatisect or unipinnate, rarely entire. The leaf veins are usually free, dividing one to three times, each ending near the frond margin in an enlarged tip. The sori have indusia (scale-like coverings).[2]
Using the PPG I circumscription, as of December 2019[update], the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following species and hybrids.[4]
^ abPPG I (2016), "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns", Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111/jse.12229, S2CID 39980610
^ abGasper, André Luís De; Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio De Oliveira; Smith, Alan Reid & Salino, Alexandre (2016-09-21), "A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales: Polypodiopsida): New genera, resurrected names, and combinations", Phytotaxa, 275 (3): 191–227, doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.275.3.1, ISSN 1179-3163, retrieved 2019-12-22
^Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014), "Trends and concepts in fern classification", Annals of Botany, 113 (9): 571–594, doi:10.1093/aob/mct299, PMC3936591, PMID 24532607
^Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (November 2019), "Blechnum", , 8.11, archived from the original on 2017-09-02, retrieved 2019-12-22
Further readingedit
Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan
Trees and shrubs in the Andes of Ecuador: Blechnum
January 01, 1970
blechnum, known, hard, fern, genus, ferns, family, blechnaceae, subfamily, blechnoideae, according, pteridophyte, phylogeny, group, classification, 2016, very, different, circumscriptions, genus, used, different, authors, system, based, gasper, 2016, genera, s. Blechnum known as hard fern is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae subfamily Blechnoideae according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 PPG I 1 Two very different circumscriptions of the genus are used by different authors In the PPG I system based on Gasper et al 2016 2 Blechnum is one of 18 genera in the subfamily Blechnoideae and has about 30 species 1 Other sources use a very broadly defined Blechnum s l including accepting only two other genera in the subfamily The genus then has about 250 species 3 In the PPG I circumscription the genus is mostly neotropical with a few southern African species Blechnum Blechnum occidentale in cultivation at Lotusland Montecito California Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Division Polypodiophyta Class Polypodiopsida Order Polypodiales Suborder Aspleniineae Family Blechnaceae Subfamily Blechnoideae Genus BlechnumL Type species Blechnum occidentaleL Species See text Contents 1 Description 2 Species 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksDescription editPlants in the genus Blechnum as circumscribed in the PPG I classification are mainly terrestrial or grow on rocks few are epiphytes Their rhizomes may be upright or creeping and have scales with entire margins or at most a few very small teeth They generally form stolons which is a characteristic of the genus The sterile and fertile fronds are usually of the same form or at most slightly different The blades of the fronds are of one colour and are usually pinnatisect or unipinnate rarely entire The leaf veins are usually free dividing one to three times each ending near the frond margin in an enlarged tip The sori have indusia scale like coverings 2 Species editSee also List of transferred Blechnum species Using the PPG I circumscription as of December 2019 update the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following species and hybrids 4 Blechnum anthracinum R C Moran Blechnum appendiculatum Willd Blechnum arcuatum J Remy ex Fee Blechnum areolatum V A O Dittrich amp Salino Blechnum asplenioides Sw Blechnum auriculatum Cav Blechnum australe L Blechnum austrobrasilianum de la Sota Blechnum caudatum Cav Blechnum confluens Schltdl amp Cham Blechnum falciculatum C Presl Blechnum gracile Kaulf Blechnum gracilipes Rosenst M Kessler amp A R Sm Blechnum guayanense A Rojas Blechnum hastatum Kaulf Blechnum heringeri Brade Blechnum laevigatum Cav Blechnum lanceola Sw Blechnum leopoldense Dutra V A O Dittrich amp Salino Blechnum longipilosum V A O Dittrich amp Salino Blechnum ludificans Herter Blechnum malacothrix Maxon amp Morton Blechnum meridense Klotzsch Blechnum occidentale L Blechnum pampasicum de la Sota amp M L Duran Blechnum polypodioides Raddi Blechnum punctulatum Sw Blechnum tomentosum M Kessler amp A R Sm References edit a b PPG I 2016 A community derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 6 563 603 doi 10 1111 jse 12229 S2CID 39980610 a b Gasper Andre Luis De Dittrich Vinicius Antonio De Oliveira Smith Alan Reid amp Salino Alexandre 2016 09 21 A classification for Blechnaceae Polypodiales Polypodiopsida New genera resurrected names and combinations Phytotaxa 275 3 191 227 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 275 3 1 ISSN 1179 3163 retrieved 2019 12 22 Christenhusz Maarten J M amp Chase Mark W 2014 Trends and concepts in fern classification Annals of Botany 113 9 571 594 doi 10 1093 aob mct299 PMC 3936591 PMID 24532607 Hassler Michael amp Schmitt Bernd November 2019 Blechnum Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World 8 11 archived from the original on 2017 09 02 retrieved 2019 12 22Further reading editHuxley A ed 1992 New RHS Dictionary of Gardening Macmillan Moore D M 1983 Flora of Tierra del FuegoExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blechnum nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Blechnum Trees and shrubs in the Andes of Ecuador Blechnum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Blechnum amp oldid 1180346244, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
