The first Bishop of Dorpat (the current Tartu) was Hermann von Buxhövden, the brother of Albert von Buxhövden, Bishop of Riga and leader of the Livonian Crusade. The Estonian Diocese was established by the Bishop of Riga in 1211 and its first nominal seat was Leal (Lihula) in western Estonia. In 1224, Bishop Hermann took possession of parts of what is today southeastern Estonia and chose Dorpat as his new seat. On 6 November 1225 he was enfeoffed with his principality by Henry VII of Germany, King of the Romans, and on 1 December Dorpat was created a March of the Holy Roman Empire.[citation needed] The principality was founded mainly on territories of the Ugaunian tribe of ancient Estonians. In 1242, Bishop Hermann with his Ugaunian subjects was defeated by Novgorod's prince Alexander Nevsky in the famous Battle on Lake Peipus.
During 1268, Fredrik, the then Bishop of Dorpat, is known to have called himself also as the "Bishop of Karelia", the background of the short-lived title remaining open.[3]
The Bishopric of Dorpat was an important Hanseatic trade center.
At the end of the 14th century, former Dietrich Damerow became the Bishop of Dorpat. He was the archenemy of the Livonian Order and made a coalition against it with Lithuania, Mecklenburg, and the Victual Brothers (notorious pirates of the Baltic Sea). He even asked King Richard II of England to take Dorpat under his protection. The Order invaded the bishopric in 1379 with no success. After settling the conflict the Livonian Order lost its right to demand that vassals of bishoprics take part in military campaigns.
During its last years, the Bishopric of Dorpat had a dispute with Russia which became later the main pretext of the Livonian War. Tsar Ivan the Terrible demanded that the bishopric pay a huge tribute of 40,000 talers. Ivan insisted that the Dorpat was the ancient Russian fortress of Yuryev (referring to the short-lived Rus' rule of the area after its conquest by Yaroslav I the Wise, 1030–61(?)). The rulers of Dorpat tried to negotiate a smaller amount in the interest of extending the truce, but Ivan dismissed the diplomats and started the war. In 1558 Tartu was conquered by Russian troops and the Bishopric of Dorpat ceased to exist.
Beside Dorpat (Tartu) there were five more stone castles in the Bishopric:
Odenpäh (Estonian: Otepää) as the ancient centre of Ugandi and the first stone stronghold of bishopric;
Kirrumpäh (Kirumpää) and Neuhausen (Vastseliina) by the important ancient Dorpat–Pleskau (Tartu–Pihkva) road;
Oldentorn (Vana-Kastre) and Warbeke or Caster (Uue-Kastre) by the Emajõgi river which runs from Dorpat to Lake Peipus.
There was also an outstanding Cistercian monastery, Kärkna Abbey (also Valkena or Falkenau) near Dorpat.
The former Bishopric todayedit
The center of the bishopric was the Tartu (Dorpat) castle (Estonian: Toomemägi). The castle was damaged during the Northern War and was dismantled during the 18th century. Later (at the beginning of 19th century) an observatory was built on the site. The seat of the bishopric, Dorpat Cathedral, was damaged during the Protestant Reformation and has been in ruins since the 17th century.
^Pihlajamaki, Heikki (2017-01-19). "Chapter 2". Conquest and the Law in Swedish Lavonia. Brill. p. 24.
^. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27.. In Latin. Hosted by the National Archive of Finland 2010-09-15 at the Wayback Machine. See . Archived from the original on 2007-06-08. Retrieved 2007-05-29. and Diplomatarium Fennicum from the menu.
Sources and external linksedit
World Statesmen Estonia: Prince-bishopric of Dorpat (Tartu)
bishopric, dorpat, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, septembe. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bishopric of Dorpat news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Bishopric of Dorpat 1 was a medieval prince bishopric i e both a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church and a temporal principality ruled by the bishop of the diocese It existed from 1224 to 1558 generally encompassing the area that now comprises Tartu County Polva County Voru County and Jogeva County in Estonia The prince bishopric was a sovereign member of the Holy Roman Empire formally from 6 Nov 1225 and part of the Livonian Confederation until its dissolution in 1561 2 Bishopric of DorpatBisdom Dorpat nds Ecclesia Tarbatensis la 1224 1558Coat of armsThe Bishopric of Dorpat shown orange upper right within the Livonian Confederation 1260StatusPrince Bishopric of Terra MarianaCapitalDorpat Tartu from 1224Common languagesLow German EstonianReligionRoman CatholicismGovernmentPrince BishopricPrince Bishop 1224 48Hermann von Buxhovden 1552 60Hermann WeselHistorical eraMiddle Ages Established1224 Henry VII grants margraviate1 December 1225 Livonian War1558Preceded by Succeeded by Ugaunia Duchy of Livonia 1561 1621 Contents 1 History 2 The former Bishopric today 3 Bishops of Dorpat 4 References 5 Sources and external linksHistory edit nbsp Tartu Cathedral today in ruins was the seat of the Bishop of Dorpat Tartu The first Bishop of Dorpat the current Tartu was Hermann von Buxhovden the brother of Albert von Buxhovden Bishop of Riga and leader of the Livonian Crusade The Estonian Diocese was established by the Bishop of Riga in 1211 and its first nominal seat was Leal Lihula in western Estonia In 1224 Bishop Hermann took possession of parts of what is today southeastern Estonia and chose Dorpat as his new seat On 6 November 1225 he was enfeoffed with his principality by Henry VII of Germany King of the Romans and on 1 December Dorpat was created a March of the Holy Roman Empire citation needed The principality was founded mainly on territories of the Ugaunian tribe of ancient Estonians In 1242 Bishop Hermann with his Ugaunian subjects was defeated by Novgorod s prince Alexander Nevsky in the famous Battle on Lake Peipus During 1268 Fredrik the then Bishop of Dorpat is known to have called himself also as the Bishop of Karelia the background of the short lived title remaining open 3 The Bishopric of Dorpat was an important Hanseatic trade center At the end of the 14th century former Dietrich Damerow became the Bishop of Dorpat He was the archenemy of the Livonian Order and made a coalition against it with Lithuania Mecklenburg and the Victual Brothers notorious pirates of the Baltic Sea He even asked King Richard II of England to take Dorpat under his protection The Order invaded the bishopric in 1379 with no success After settling the conflict the Livonian Order lost its right to demand that vassals of bishoprics take part in military campaigns During its last years the Bishopric of Dorpat had a dispute with Russia which became later the main pretext of the Livonian War Tsar Ivan the Terrible demanded that the bishopric pay a huge tribute of 40 000 talers Ivan insisted that the Dorpat was the ancient Russian fortress of Yuryev referring to the short lived Rus rule of the area after its conquest by Yaroslav I the Wise 1030 61 The rulers of Dorpat tried to negotiate a smaller amount in the interest of extending the truce but Ivan dismissed the diplomats and started the war In 1558 Tartu was conquered by Russian troops and the Bishopric of Dorpat ceased to exist Beside Dorpat Tartu there were five more stone castles in the Bishopric Odenpah Estonian Otepaa as the ancient centre of Ugandi and the first stone stronghold of bishopric Kirrumpah Kirumpaa and Neuhausen Vastseliina by the important ancient Dorpat Pleskau Tartu Pihkva road Oldentorn Vana Kastre and Warbeke or Caster Uue Kastre by the Emajogi river which runs from Dorpat to Lake Peipus There was also an outstanding Cistercian monastery Karkna Abbey also Valkena or Falkenau near Dorpat The former Bishopric today editThe center of the bishopric was the Tartu Dorpat castle Estonian Toomemagi The castle was damaged during the Northern War and was dismantled during the 18th century Later at the beginning of 19th century an observatory was built on the site The seat of the bishopric Dorpat Cathedral was damaged during the Protestant Reformation and has been in ruins since the 17th century Bishops of Dorpat editHermann von Buxhowden 1224 48 Alexander 1263 68 Friedrich von Haseldorf 1268 88 Bernhard I 1289 1302 Dietrich I Vyshusen 1302 12 Nikolaus 1312 23 Engelbert von Dolen 1323 41 Wescelus 1342 1344 Johannes I Viffhusen 1346 73 Heinrich I von Velde 1373 78 Dietrich II Damerow 1378 1400 Heinrich II Wrangel 1400 10 Bernhard II Bulow 1410 13 Dietrich III Resler 1413 41 Bartholomaus Savijerwe 1441 59 Helmich von Mallinckrodt 1459 68 Andreas Pepler 1468 73 Johannes II Bertkow 1473 85 Dietrich V Hake 1485 98 Johannes III von der Rope 1499 1505 Gerhard Schrove 1505 13 Johannes IV Duesborg 1513 14 Christian Bomhower 1514 18 Johannes V Blankenfeld 1518 27 Johannes VI Bey 1528 43 Jodokus von der Recke 1544 51 Hermann II Wesel 1552 60References edit Estonian Tartu piiskopkond Low German Bisdom Dorpat Latin Ecclesia Tarbatensis Pihlajamaki Heikki 2017 01 19 Chapter 2 Conquest and the Law in Swedish Lavonia Brill p 24 Excerpt from sources Archived from the original on 2007 09 27 In Latin Hosted by the National Archive of Finland Archived 2010 09 15 at the Wayback Machine See Arkistolaitos Sahkoiset palvelut Archived from the original on 2007 06 08 Retrieved 2007 05 29 and Diplomatarium Fennicum from the menu Sources and external links editWorld Statesmen Estonia Prince bishopric of Dorpat Tartu GigaCatholic Diocese of Dorpat 58 23 N 26 43 E 58 383 N 26 717 E 58 383 26 717 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bishopric of Dorpat amp oldid 1175686420, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
