Birnaviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses.[1]Salmonid fish, birds and insects serve as natural hosts. There are currently 11 species in this family, divided among seven genera.[2] Diseases associated with this family include infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish, which causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry, with chronic infection in adult salmonid fish and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish.[2][3]
The genome is composed of linear, bi-segmented, double-stranded RNA. It is around 5.9–6.9 kbp in length and codes for five to six proteins. Birnaviruses encode the following proteins:
RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), which lacks the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA-directed RNA polymerases.[4]
The large RNA segment, segment A, of birnaviruses codes for a polyprotein (N-VP2-VP4-VP3-C) [5] that is processed into the major structural proteins of the virion: VP2, VP3 (a minor structural component of the virus), and into the putative protease VP4.[5] VP4 protein is involved in generating VP2 and VP3.[5]recombinant VP3 is more immunogenic than recombinant VP2.[6]
Non structuralprotein VP5 is found in RNA segment A.[citation needed] The function of this small viral protein is unknown. It is believed to be involved in influencing apoptosis, but studies are not completely concurring. The protein can not be found in the virion.[citation needed]
Viral Replicationedit
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by cell receptor endocytosis. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model in the cytoplasm. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription in cytoplasm. The virus is released by budding. Salmonid fish (Aquabirnavirus), young sexually immature chickens (Avibirnavirus), insects (Entomobirnavirus), and blotched snakehead fish (Blosnavirus) as the natural host. Transmission routes are contact.[2][3]
^ abcd"Birnaviridae—Birnaviridae—dsRNA Viruses". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 16 October 2019.[dead link]
^ abc"Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
^Shwed PS, Dobos P, Cameron LA, Vakharia VN, Duncan R (May 2002). "Birnavirus VP1 proteins form a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases lacking a GDD motif". Virology. 296 (2): 241–250. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1334. PMID 12069523.
^ abcJagadish MN, Staton VJ, Hudson PJ, Azad AA (March 1988). "Birnavirus precursor polyprotein is processed in Escherichia coli by its own virus-encoded polypeptide". J. Virol. 62 (3): 1084–7. doi:10.1128/JVI.62.3.1084-1087.1988. PMC253673. PMID 2828658.
^Moon CH, Do JW, Cha SJ, Bang JD, Park MA, Yoo DJ, Lee JM, Kim HG, Chung DK, Park JW (October 2004). "Comparison of the immunogenicity of recombinant VP2 and VP3 of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and marine birnavirus". Arch. Virol. 149 (10): 2059–68. doi:10.1007/s00705-004-0339-2. PMID 15669113. S2CID 22958612.
^ abHeppell J, Tarrab E, Lecomte J, Berthiaume L, Arella M (December 1995). "Strain variability and localization of important epitopes on the major structural protein (VP2) of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus". Virology. 214 (1): 40–9. doi:10.1006/viro.1995.9956. PMID 8525637.
^Nobiron I, Galloux M, Henry C, Torhy C, Boudinot P, Lejal N, Da Costa B, Delmas B (February 2008). "Genome and polypeptides characterization of Tellina virus 1 reveals a fifth genetic cluster in the Birnaviridae family". Virology. 371 (2): 350–61. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2007.09.022. PMID 17976679.
External linksedit
ICTV Report:Birnaviridae
Viralzone: Birnaviridae
January 01, 1970
birnaviridae, family, double, stranded, viruses, salmonid, fish, birds, insects, serve, natural, hosts, there, currently, species, this, family, divided, among, seven, genera, diseases, associated, with, this, family, include, infectious, pancreatic, necrosis,. Birnaviridae is a family of double stranded RNA viruses 1 Salmonid fish birds and insects serve as natural hosts There are currently 11 species in this family divided among seven genera 2 Diseases associated with this family include infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish which causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry with chronic infection in adult salmonid fish and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish 2 3 Birnaviridae Infectious bursal disease virus particle Virus classification unranked Virus Realm Riboviria Kingdom Orthornavirae Phylum incertae sedis Family Birnaviridae Contents 1 Structure 2 Genome 3 Viral Replication 4 Taxonomy 5 References 6 External linksStructure editViruses in family Birnaviridae are non enveloped with icosahedral single shelled geometries and T 13 symmetry The diameter is around 70 nm 2 3 Genome edit nbsp Genome of infectious bursal disease virus of family BirnaviridaeThe genome is composed of linear bi segmented double stranded RNA It is around 5 9 6 9 kbp in length and codes for five to six proteins Birnaviruses encode the following proteins RNA directed RNA polymerase VP1 which lacks the highly conserved Gly Asp Asp GDD sequence a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA directed RNA polymerases 4 The large RNA segment segment A of birnaviruses codes for a polyprotein N VP2 VP4 VP3 C 5 that is processed into the major structural proteins of the virion VP2 VP3 a minor structural component of the virus and into the putative protease VP4 5 VP4 protein is involved in generating VP2 and VP3 5 recombinant VP3 is more immunogenic than recombinant VP2 6 Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus IPNV a birnavirus is an important pathogen in fish farms Analyses of viral proteins showed that VP2 is the major structural and immunogenic polypeptide of the virus 7 8 All neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are specific to VP2 and bind to continuous or discontinuous epitopes The variable domain of VP2 and the 20 adjacent amino acids of the conserved C terminal are probably the most important in inducing an immune response for the protection of animals 7 Non structural protein VP5 is found in RNA segment A citation needed The function of this small viral protein is unknown It is believed to be involved in influencing apoptosis but studies are not completely concurring The protein can not be found in the virion citation needed Viral Replication editViral replication is cytoplasmic Entry into the host cell is achieved by cell receptor endocytosis Replication follows the double stranded RNA virus replication model in the cytoplasm Double stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription in cytoplasm The virus is released by budding Salmonid fish Aquabirnavirus young sexually immature chickens Avibirnavirus insects Entomobirnavirus and blotched snakehead fish Blosnavirus as the natural host Transmission routes are contact 2 3 Taxonomy edit nbsp Phylogenetic tree of Birnaviridae The following genera are recognized Aquabirnavirus Avibirnavirus Blosnavirus Dronavirus Entomobirnavirus Ronavirus TelnavirusReferences edit Delmas B Attoui H Ghosh S Malik YS Mundt E Vakharia VN Ictv Report Consortium January 2019 ICTV virus taxonomy profile Birnaviridae The Journal of General Virology 100 1 5 6 doi 10 1099 jgv 0 001185 PMID 30484762 a b c d Birnaviridae Birnaviridae dsRNA Viruses International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ICTV Retrieved 16 October 2019 dead link a b c Viral Zone ExPASy Retrieved 12 June 2015 Shwed PS Dobos P Cameron LA Vakharia VN Duncan R May 2002 Birnavirus VP1 proteins form a distinct subgroup of RNA dependent RNA polymerases lacking a GDD motif Virology 296 2 241 250 doi 10 1006 viro 2001 1334 PMID 12069523 a b c Jagadish MN Staton VJ Hudson PJ Azad AA March 1988 Birnavirus precursor polyprotein is processed in Escherichia coli by its own virus encoded polypeptide J Virol 62 3 1084 7 doi 10 1128 JVI 62 3 1084 1087 1988 PMC 253673 PMID 2828658 Moon CH Do JW Cha SJ Bang JD Park MA Yoo DJ Lee JM Kim HG Chung DK Park JW October 2004 Comparison of the immunogenicity of recombinant VP2 and VP3 of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and marine birnavirus Arch Virol 149 10 2059 68 doi 10 1007 s00705 004 0339 2 PMID 15669113 S2CID 22958612 a b Heppell J Tarrab E Lecomte J Berthiaume L Arella M December 1995 Strain variability and localization of important epitopes on the major structural protein VP2 of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Virology 214 1 40 9 doi 10 1006 viro 1995 9956 PMID 8525637 Nobiron I Galloux M Henry C Torhy C Boudinot P Lejal N Da Costa B Delmas B February 2008 Genome and polypeptides characterization of Tellina virus 1 reveals a fifth genetic cluster in the Birnaviridae family Virology 371 2 350 61 doi 10 1016 j virol 2007 09 022 PMID 17976679 External links editICTV Report Birnaviridae Viralzone Birnaviridae Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Birnaviridae amp oldid 1136465010, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
