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Bill Graham (Canadian politician)

William Carvel Graham PC OC QC (March 17, 1939 – August 7, 2022) was a Canadian lawyer, academic and politician. Graham served as the minister of foreign affairs, minister of national defence, leader of the opposition and interim leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. After leaving politics, he was the chancellor of Trinity College at the University of Toronto.

Bill Graham
Graham in 2007
Leader of the Opposition
In office
February 7, 2006 – December 2, 2006
Preceded byStephen Harper
Succeeded byStéphane Dion
Interim Leader of the Liberal Party
In office
March 18, 2006 – December 3, 2006
Preceded byPaul Martin
Succeeded byStéphane Dion
Minister of National Defence
In office
July 20, 2004 – February 6, 2006
Prime MinisterPaul Martin
Preceded byDavid Pratt
Succeeded byGordon O'Connor
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
January 15, 2002 – July 19, 2004
Prime Minister
Preceded byJohn Manley
Succeeded byPierre Pettigrew
Member of the Canadian Parliament
for Toronto Centre
(Toronto Centre—Rosedale; 1997–2004)
In office
October 25, 1993 – July 2, 2007
Preceded byDavid MacDonald
Succeeded byBob Rae
Personal details
Born
William Carvel Graham

(1939-03-17)March 17, 1939
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
DiedAugust 7, 2022(2022-08-07) (aged 83)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Political partyLiberal
Spouse
Catherine Curry
(m. 1962)
Residence(s)Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Occupation
  • Legal scholar
  • lawyer
Military service
Allegiance Canada
Branch/service Royal Canadian Navy Reserve
Years of service1960–1970
Rank Sub-lieutenant
UnitUniversity Naval Training Division
Academic background
Alma mater
Academic work
DisciplineLaw
Sub-disciplineInternational law
InstitutionsUniversity of Toronto

Early life edit

According to his birth certificate, Graham was born on March 17, 1939, in Montreal, Quebec, to Loring and Helen (née White) Bailey. He was the youngest of four siblings: Arthur, Loring Jr and Helen. His parents divorced five months before he was born. On June 9, 1940, his mother married Francis Ronald Graham Sr, a wealthy widower over twenty years her senior with ten children of his own. Shortly after the wedding, his mother and step-father moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, and Bill and Helen were raised by their maternal grandparents in Toronto, Ontario. In 1943, when Bill was four, he joined his mother and step-father in Vancouver.[1] Graham Sr. died in 1963; at his funeral, Graham learned that his step-father was actually his biological father.[2] His paternal grandparents were Protestant Irish immigrants.[1]

He was educated at Upper Canada College, Trinity College at the University of Toronto, the University of Toronto Faculty of Law (where he was an editor of the Law Review and the gold medalist of 1964),[3] and the University of Paris. As a student, he travelled in the Middle East and Europe. While at university, he served in the Royal Canadian Naval Reserve under the University Naval Training Division (UNTD), obtaining his commission as a Sub-Lieutenant in 1960.[citation needed]

He married the former Catherine Curry in 1962, and they have a daughter, Katherine ("Katy", born in 1964) and a son, the freelance writer Patrick Graham (born in 1965).[citation needed]

Early career edit

After his graduation from law school, Graham went to Paris to pursue a doctorate of laws, with a focus on international law, as well as to improve his French. He received his Docteur de l'université (DU) in 1970.[4] He also represented a Toronto law firm, Fasken and Calvin (known as Faskens) (where he had articled), in Europe. Upon returning to Toronto in 1968, Graham remained at Faskens until 1982 working with Walter Williston in litigation and on his own in an international trade and commercial law practice.[5]

He also became active in civic affairs, particularly the promotion of bilingualism. He served as a director and, from 1979 to 1987, president of Alliance Francaise de Toronto.[citation needed] In 1975, Graham was appointed by Ontario Attorney General Roy McMurtry to an advisory committee on the implementation of bilingualism in provincial courts.[citation needed]

Professor edit

Graham moved from the practice of law to academia in 1981, when he took a faculty position at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law, teaching EEC law, public international law, and international trade law until 1993. Graham became president of the University of Toronto Faculty Association, where he was strongly critical of Joseph Rotman's donation to the then-Faculty of Management in 1995. The donor agreement included several clauses that could limit the university and faculty of management's academic freedom. The agreement required that “U of T [rank] the faculty of management as one of its ‘highest priorities’ for the allocation of university funding, ensuring to its ‘best efforts’ that business education receives continuing focus.” Graham noted “the unqualified support for the ‘vision,’ and it talked about non-qualified support for and commitment to the values and principles underlying the ‘vision’ by the members of the faculty of management, as well as the central administration". As a result, the donation agreement underwent some substantial revisions.[6]

Graham also held visiting lectureships at McGill University and the Université de Montréal. In 1999, he endowed a chair in international law at the law school.[4]

Political career edit

 
Graham (left) and Saint Lucia foreign minister, Julian Hunte (right)

Graham twice sought election unsuccessfully to the House of Commons as a Liberal in the riding of Toronto Centre-Rosedale, losing in 1984 to the Progressive Conservative incumbent, former Toronto Mayor David Crombie, and very narrowly (by 80 votes)[citation needed] in 1988 to Progressive Conservative candidate David MacDonald. He defeated MacDonald in the 1993 federal election, and was reelected in 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006.[citation needed]

He served as a member, and for six years as chair, of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (SCFAIT).[citation needed] Under his chairmanship, SCFAIT produced public reports on the role of nuclear weapons in world politics, Canada and the circumpolar world, the future of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI), hemispheric free trade, and Canadian relations with Europe and the Muslim world. Graham also promoted "parliamentary diplomacy" and was active in the creation or operation of many international fora for parliamentarians, including the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), of which he was Treasurer, and the Canada-US Parliamentary Association.[citation needed] He was also the Liberal Party of Canada's representative to Liberal International (of which he was Treasurer) and the first elected Chair of the Inter-Parliamentary Forum of the Americas.[citation needed]

While his attention as an MP was directed largely to foreign affairs, in domestic politics he strongly promoted same-sex rights. This issue was of considerable importance in his riding, which contains Canada's largest gay neighbourhood. He supported same-sex pensions and the admission to Canada of gay refugees facing persecution for their sexual identity, and he was an early proponent of legal recognition of same-sex marriage.[4] He was voted Toronto's best MP several times by the readers of the city's 'Now' Magazine, and he was the recipient of Pride Toronto's lifetime achievement award in 2007.[7]

Minister of Foreign Affairs edit

In January 2002, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien appointed Graham as Minister of Foreign Affairs.[citation needed] His tenure was largely dominated by the changes to world affairs flowing from the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the increased unilateralism of American foreign policy. In the months leading up to the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq, Chrétien and Graham articulated a position of opposition to military action without either an unambiguous authorizing resolution by the United Nations Security Council or clear evidence that Saddam Hussein's regime was in violation of the obligations to disarm that it had accepted after the 1991 Gulf War. A Canadian compromise allowing additional time for weapons inspections, but with a firm deadline for Iraqi compliance, elicited strong American opposition and little enthusiasm from other Security Council members. After a resolution (sponsored by the US, the UK, and Spain) that explicitly authorized military action was withdrawn in the face of likely failure, Canada declined to take part in the subsequent invasion.[citation needed]

Canada did support important elements of the US-led War on Terror, and Canadian troops participated in the UN-sanctioned invasion of Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime in October 2001. In the summer of 2003, Chrétien and Graham committed Canada to assume the lead role in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), the NATO mission in Afghanistan. ISAF was initially responsible for securing Kabul and its environs, but an October 2003 Security Council resolution authorized its extension through much of the country.[8]: 285–286 

Some aspects of Canadian–American cooperation in the War on Terror worked smoothly, but there were instances of misunderstanding or miscommunication. Perhaps the most widely noticed came after American authorities deported a Canadian citizen, Maher Arar, to Syria, where he was imprisoned for a year and tortured, apparently on the basis of intelligence quietly relayed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Unable to get RCMP support for Arar's release, Graham urged Prime Minister Chrétien to intervene. Following Chrétien's representations, Arar was released and a judicial inquiry conducted into his case. Graham testified that he was unaware at the time that the RCMP had passed information to the American authorities.[9] Graham also unsuccessfully urged his American counterpart, Colin Powell, to consent to the release of Omar Khadr, a Canadian national taken prisoner by American forces in Afghanistan while a minor and held at the US Guantanamo Bay detention camp.[10] Despite these differences, Graham and Powell had good relations and cooperated effectively on a number of issues, including the despatch of 500 Canadian Forces personnel to Haiti as a short-term stabilization force after the ouster of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.[citation needed]

Minister of National Defence edit

When Graham's former law school classmate Paul Martin succeeded Chrétien as Prime Minister in December 2003, Martin left Graham at Foreign Affairs, but after an election in June 2004 reduced the Liberals to a minority, Martin moved him to National Defence. This would normally be regarded as a demotion, but Martin had promised during the election campaign to increase defence spending, and he indicated to Graham that he would enjoy prime ministerial backing in his efforts to rebuild the Canadian military after the economies resulting from the deficit-reduction program that Martin had implemented in the early 1990s as Minister of Finance.[8]: 129–131 

In Graham's first months as Defence Minister, one of the most pressing issues was the Canadian response to the George W. Bush administration's invitation to take part in its Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) program. Graham offered qualified support to Canadian participation, in part because he feared that nonparticipation would marginalize the North American Air Defence Command (NORAD) within continental defence arrangements. But opposition to BMD and Bush administration policies generally was strong in Canada, and Martin did not provide energetic backing for Graham's efforts to convince his Cabinet and Caucus colleagues. In February 2005, Graham informed his American counterpart, Donald Rumsfeld, that Canadian participation was politically impossible.[8]: 152–177 

In July 2005, as part of a tour of Canada's arctic defense installations, Graham visited Hans Island, the sovereignty of which was disputed by Canada and Denmark. Denmark publicly protested the visit, but subsequently entered into negotiations to settle the island's status.[11]

Perhaps Graham's biggest success as Defence Minister was implementing a new doctrinal and budgetary framework for Canadian defence policy. He persuaded Martin and Finance Minister Ralph Goodale to accept a $13-billion increase in defence spending, the largest in a generation, as part of the 2005 budget. This entailed significant capital expenditures, including the acquisition of Hercules aircraft to provide the Canadian Forces (CF) with tactical airlift capability.[12] In addition, the CF command structure was overhauled to improve the capacity to respond to either domestic disaster or terrorist threat, including the creation of a new Canada Command.[8]: 130–151 [13]

Graham and General Rick Hillier, whose 2005 appointment as Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) he recommended, sought to transform the CF into a more mobile force, capable of conducting armed "peacemaking" and humanitarian interventions. This broke with both the Cold War emphasis on preparation for large-scale conventional hostilities across defined international borders, and the recent Canadian tradition of lightly armed peacekeeping under UN auspices. Restoring security and order to the failed or failing states that served as bases for terrorists was placed at the centre of CF doctrine. This conception of the CF's future role was set out in a Defence Policy Statement that fed into the Martin government's broader review of Canadian foreign policy.[8]: 130–151 

Graham and Hillier persuaded Martin to make Afghanistan a laboratory for the new doctrine; in the spring of 2005 the Canadian government announced that the 1,200 Canadian troops in Kabul would be transferred to Kandahar province. Canada assumed a major role in Southern Afghanistan, with 2,300 personnel there by early 2006. Graham and Hillier supported a "3D" or "whole of government" approach, based on the concept of the Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT), in which diplomats, military, police, development and reconstruction specialists work together to provide security and rebuild societal institutions. During Graham's tenure as Defence Minister, Canada's Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) provided emergency relief to Sri Lanka after the 2005 tsunami.[citation needed]

In the weeks leading up to the January 2006 federal election, Graham oversaw the negotiations of an agreement, signed by Hillier and the Afghan Defence Minister, governing the treatment of Afghan detainees captured by Canadian personnel and turned over to Afghan authorities. After revelations in 2010 that some detainees had been tortured, Graham appeared before a parliamentary committee investigating the matter. He conceded that the agreement had been imperfect, lacking as it did a mechanism for monitoring the treatment of prisoners after they were placed in Afghan custody, but pointed out that its omissions were more readily apparent in retrospect than they were at the time, and that it had been developed on the best available advice to meet unprecedented circumstances.[14]

Interim Liberal leader edit

After the Liberals were defeated in the 2006 election, and the Conservatives formed a minority government under Stephen Harper, Graham served as interim Leader of the Liberal Party and Leader of the Opposition, until the December 2006 leadership convention that elected Stéphane Dion as Leader.[citation needed] Two highly charged issues debated in the House of Commons during his leadership were the recognition of Quebec as a "nation" and the extension of the mission in Afghanistan until 2011. Graham was neutral in the race to choose a new leader. On February 22, 2007, he announced he would not be a candidate for reelection in the next federal election.[citation needed] On June 19, he announced that he was stepping down as an MP, effective July 2. This freed up the seat for former Ontario Premier and leadership contender Bob Rae (who, like Graham, would later become interim Liberal leader) to run as the Liberal candidate in the resulting by-election.[citation needed]

Electoral history edit

2006 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Bill Graham 30,874 52.23 -4.30
New Democratic Michael Shapcott 14,036 23.74 -0.01
Conservative Lewis Reford 10,763 18.21 +3.42
Green Chris Tindal 3,080 5.21 +1.30
Communist Johan Boyden 120 0.2 0.00
Independent Michel Prairie 101 0.2 0.00
Animal Alliance Liz White 72 0.12
Marxist–Leninist Philip Fernandez 66 0.11 -0.01
Total valid votes 59,112 100.00
  Liberal hold Swing −2.1


2004 Canadian federal election: Toronto Centre
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Bill Graham 30,336 56.53 +1.26
New Democratic Michael Shapcott 12,747 23.75 +12.39
Conservative Megan Harris 7,936 14.79 −13.00
Green Gabriel Draven 2,097 3.91
Marijuana Jay Wagner 313 0.58 −0.94
Communist Dan Goldstick 106 0.20 −0.05
Marxist–Leninist Philip Fernandez 65 0.12 −0.12
Canadian Action Kevin Peck 63 0.12 −2.97
Total valid votes 53,663 100.00
Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Toronto Centre—Rosedale, 1996–2003 edit

2000 Canadian federal election: Toronto Centre—Rosedale
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Bill Graham 26,203 55.33 +6.08
Progressive Conservative Randall Pearce 8,149 17.21 -2.13
New Democratic David Berlin 5,300 11.19 -9.22
Alliance Richard Walker 5,058 10.68 +2.83
Canadian Action Paul Hellyer 1,466 3.10 +2.44
Marijuana Neev Tapiero 722 1.52
Natural Law David Gordon 224 0.47 -0.11
Communist Dan Goldstick 121 0.26
Marxist–Leninist Philip Fernandez 116 0.24 -0.11
Total valid votes 47,359 100.00
Total rejected ballots 246 0.52 −0.38
Turnout 47,605 57.19 −9.82
Electors on the lists 83,243
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada, Poll-by-poll Result Files, Elections Canada, and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
1997 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Bill Graham 22,945 49.19 -0.80
New Democratic David MacDonald 9,597 20.58 +9.80
Progressive Conservative Stephen Probyn 8,993 19.28 -1.96
Reform John Stewart 3,646 7.82 -4.65
Green Jim Harris 577 1.24 +0.30
Canadian Action Anthony Robert Pedrette 303 0.65
Natural Law Ron Parker 270 0.58 -1.01
Marxist–Leninist Steve Rutchinski 166 0.36 +0.25
Independent Ted W. Culp 145 0.31
Total valid votes 46,642 100.00

Rosedale, 1993–1996 edit

1993 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Bill Graham 25,726 50.00 +8.78
Progressive Conservative David MacDonald 10,930 21.24 -20.12
Reform Daniel Jovkovic 6,413 12.46
New Democratic Jack Layton 5,547 10.78 -4.28
National Martin Lanigan 1,091 2.12
Natural Law Doug Henning 817 1.59
Green Leslie Hunter 483 0.94 +0.22
Independent Linda Dale Gibbons 350 0.68
Marxist–Leninist Steve Rutchinski 57 0.11
Abolitionist Yann Patrice D'Audibert Garcien 40 0.08
Total valid votes 51,454 100.00
1988 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative David MacDonald 22,704 41.36 -11.44
Liberal Bill Graham 22,624 41.21 +15.08
New Democratic Doug Wilson 8,266 15.06 -2.77
Libertarian Chris Blatchly 411 0.75 +0.09
Green Frank de Jong 397 0.72 -1.14
Rhinoceros Liane McLarty 265 0.48
Independent Mike Constable 102 0.19
Independent Harry Margel 91 0.17
Commonwealth of Canada Paul Therrien 33 0.06 -0.27
Total valid votes 54,893 100.00
1984 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative David Crombie 23,211 52.80 +8.84
Liberal Bill Graham 11,488 26.13 -12.95
New Democratic Dell Wolfson 7,836 17.82 +2.97
Green Shirley Ruth Farlinger 821 1.87
Libertarian Clarke Slemon 291 0.66 +0.30
Communist Sylvie Baillargeon 172 0.39 +0.17
Commonwealth of Canada David Dube 144 0.33
Total valid votes 43,963 100.00

After politics edit

Following his departure from electoral politics, Graham was active in a number of organizations and business concerns. In 2007, he was elected Chancellor at Trinity College, Toronto. He was Visitor at Green College, where he was also an Honorary Life Fellow. He was also the Chair of the Atlantic Council of Canada from 2007 to 2012, Chair of the Canadian International Council, and was a member of the Trilateral Commission.[15] He was the Honorary Colonel of the Governor General's Horse Guards from 2009 to 2018, and received an honorary doctorate from the Royal Military College of Canada in 2010. In 2018, he was appointed Honorary Colonel of Canadian Special Forces Operations Command. From 2012 to 2018, he was co-chair of the advisory board of the Creative Destruction Lab. As a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada since 2002, Graham was entitled to use the style of "The Honourable" and the post-nominal "PC" for life. He received various honours for his services to the French language and culture in Ontario, including appointment by the French government as Chevalier of the Legion of Honour and Chevalier of the Order of the Pleiade. He was a recipient of the Jean-Baptiste Rousseau Prize, and the Doctoral Ring of Siena, and a Patron of Liberal International. In 2015, he was made a member of the Order of Canada. In 2014, he received the St. Laurent Award from the NATO Association of Canada, and 2016 the Global Citizen Award from the United Nations Association of Canada. In 2017, he was awarded the Vimy Award by the Conference of Defence Associations. In 2011, he endowed the Bill Graham Centre for Contemporary International History, and sat on its advisory board. The centre is associated with Trinity College and the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto. It seeks to promote the study of contemporary events from a historical perspective, and to bring together the worlds of the policymaker and the scholar.[16]

Graham participated in the Government of Canada's Defence Review, as one of four members of a Minister's Advisory Panel, providing input for Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan. The review aimed to consult with Canadians across the country in order to develop a future road map for Canada's defence policy. In June 2017, it was released as "Strong, Secure, Engaged."[17]

In 2016, Graham published an autobiography, Call of the World: A Political Memoir, reprinted in paperback in 2018.[18]

Graham died on August 7, 2022, at his home in Toronto after a period of ill health.[19][20][21]

Honours edit

Ribbon Description Notes
  Order of Canada (OC)
  • Member
  • May 8, 2015
  • [22]
  • Officer
  • November 27, 2020
  • [23]
  Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
  • 2002
  • Canadian Version of this Medal
  Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
  • 2012
  • Canadian Version of this Medal
  Legion of Honour
  • Chevalier
  Order of La Pléiade
  • Chevalier

Scholastic edit

University Degrees
Location Date School Degree
  Ontario Upper Canada College
  Ontario 1961 Trinity College, Toronto Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Modern History
  Ontario 1964 University of Toronto Bachelor of Laws (LL.B)
  France University of Paris
Chancellor, visitor, governor, rector and fellowships
Location Date School Position
  Ontario 2007 – Trinity College, Toronto Chancellor [24]
  Ontario  – Massey College Senior Fellow
  British Columbia  – Green College Honorary Life Fellow
Honorary Degrees
Location Date School Degree
  Ontario June 1, 2010 Royal Military College of Canada Doctor of Laws (LL.D) [25]
  Ontario June 15, 2018 University of Toronto Doctor of Laws (LL.D) [24][26]

Appointments edit

Location Date Institution Position
  Canada January 16, 2002 – Queen's Privy Council for Canada Member (PC)
  Canada  – Government of Canada Queen's Counsel (QC)

Honorary military appointments edit

Works edit

  • Graham, Bill (2016). Call of the World: A Political Memoir. C.D. Howe Series in Political History. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-77489000-7.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Graham, Bill (2016). The Call of the World: A Political Memoir. On Point Press. pp. 5–6.
  2. ^ Graham, Bill (2016). The Call of the World: A Political Memoir. On Point Press. p. 36.
  3. ^ . Nexus. University of Toronto - Faculty of Law. Spring 2000. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c Sylvia Fraser, "The Private Life of Bill Graham", Toronto Life, May 2003, pp. 83–92. (Article mentioned)
  5. ^ Kyer, C. Ian, 'Lawyers, Families and Businesses: The Shaping of a Bay Street Law Firm, Faskens 1863–1963', Irwin Law, 2013, pp. 232, 243.
  6. ^ Meg Murphy (January 27, 1997). "U of T hands over control of faculty of management to Joseph Rotman". The Varsity. Vol. 117, no. 34. pp. 1–2.
  7. ^ "Pride Gala and Awards: Highlights and Photos". www.blogto.com.
  8. ^ a b c d e Janice Gross Stein and Eugene Lang, The Unexpected War: Canada in Kandahar (Toronto: Penguin, 2007).
  9. ^ Tonda McCharles, "Mistakes kept from Martin", "Toronto Star". October 5, 2006, A1.
  10. ^ Michelle Shephard, "Ottawa played down Khadr concerns", "Toronto Star", August 20, 2007.
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  12. ^ David Bercuson, "Liberals, lay down your arms", Toronto "Globe and Mail", May 18, 2010; citation for honorary doctorate, Royal Military College of Canada.
  13. ^ General Rick Hillier, A Soldier First: Bullets, Bureaucrats and the Politics of War (Toronto: Harper Collins, 2010), pp. 350–351.
  14. ^ Graham testimony to parliamentary committee on Afghan detainees, May 12, 2010.
  15. ^ (PDF). The Trilateral Commission. May 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 26, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  16. ^ "Bill Graham Centre". Bill Graham Centre. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  17. ^ ""Strong, Secure, Engaged" – A new defence policy for Canada (Speech)". Minister of National Defence. Government of Canada. June 7, 2017. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  18. ^ "The Call of the World an inside look at the Liberal party". Toronto Star, May 8, 2016.
  19. ^ William Carvel GRAHAM obituary
  20. ^ Taylor, Stephanie (August 8, 2022). "Bill Graham, former Liberal cabinet minister, has died". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  21. ^ "Bill Graham, a former defence and foreign affairs minister, has died". CBC News. August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  22. ^ General, Office of the Secretary to the Governor (June 11, 2018). "Recipients". The Governor General of Canada.
  23. ^ "Governor General Announces 114 New Appointments to the Order of Canada". November 26, 2020.
  24. ^ a b "Chancellor Bill Graham to Receive an Honorary Doctorate from U of T". Trinity College News. February 28, 2018.
  25. ^ Bennett, Pete (July 19, 2016). "Royal Military College of Canada Honorary Degree Recipients". Royal Military College of Canada.
  26. ^ "Hon. William C. Graham, Convocation 2018 Honorary Degree Recipient". Archived from the original on December 21, 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
  27. ^ Virey, MCpl Anthony (Spring 2019). "OP DISTINCTION 2018: 100th Anniversary of the Armistice". Regimental Lines. GGHG Association: 18.

External links edit

  • Bill Graham – Parliament of Canada biography
  • The Bill Graham Centre for Contemporary International History
26th Ministry – Cabinet of Jean Chrétien
Cabinet post
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
2002–2003
Succeeded by
cont'd into 27th Min.
27th Ministry – Cabinet of Paul Martin
Cabinet posts (2)
Preceded by Minister of National Defence
2004–2006
Succeeded by
cont'd from 26th Min. Minister of Foreign Affairs
2003–2004
Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada
Interim

March 18, 2006 – December 2, 2006
Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of Trinity College
2007–2022
Vacant

bill, graham, canadian, politician, william, carvel, graham, march, 1939, august, 2022, canadian, lawyer, academic, politician, graham, served, minister, foreign, affairs, minister, national, defence, leader, opposition, interim, leader, liberal, party, canada. William Carvel Graham PC OC QC March 17 1939 August 7 2022 was a Canadian lawyer academic and politician Graham served as the minister of foreign affairs minister of national defence leader of the opposition and interim leader of the Liberal Party of Canada After leaving politics he was the chancellor of Trinity College at the University of Toronto The HonourableBill GrahamPC OC QCGraham in 2007Leader of the OppositionIn office February 7 2006 December 2 2006Preceded byStephen HarperSucceeded byStephane DionInterim Leader of the Liberal PartyIn office March 18 2006 December 3 2006Preceded byPaul MartinSucceeded byStephane DionMinister of National DefenceIn office July 20 2004 February 6 2006Prime MinisterPaul MartinPreceded byDavid PrattSucceeded byGordon O ConnorMinister of Foreign AffairsIn office January 15 2002 July 19 2004Prime MinisterJean Chretien Paul MartinPreceded byJohn ManleySucceeded byPierre PettigrewMember of the Canadian Parliament for Toronto Centre Toronto Centre Rosedale 1997 2004 In office October 25 1993 July 2 2007Preceded byDavid MacDonaldSucceeded byBob RaePersonal detailsBornWilliam Carvel Graham 1939 03 17 March 17 1939Montreal Quebec CanadaDiedAugust 7 2022 2022 08 07 aged 83 Toronto Ontario CanadaPolitical partyLiberalSpouseCatherine Curry m 1962 wbr Residence s Toronto Ontario CanadaOccupationLegal scholarlawyerMilitary serviceAllegiance CanadaBranch service Royal Canadian Navy ReserveYears of service1960 1970RankSub lieutenantUnitUniversity Naval Training DivisionAcademic backgroundAlma materTrinity College Toronto BA University of Toronto Faculty of Law LLB University of Paris DEA Academic workDisciplineLawSub disciplineInternational lawInstitutionsUniversity of Toronto Contents 1 Early life 2 Early career 2 1 Professor 3 Political career 4 Minister of Foreign Affairs 5 Minister of National Defence 5 1 Interim Liberal leader 6 Electoral history 6 1 Toronto Centre Rosedale 1996 2003 6 2 Rosedale 1993 1996 7 After politics 8 Honours 8 1 Scholastic 8 2 Appointments 8 3 Honorary military appointments 9 Works 10 See also 11 References 12 External linksEarly life editAccording to his birth certificate Graham was born on March 17 1939 in Montreal Quebec to Loring and Helen nee White Bailey He was the youngest of four siblings Arthur Loring Jr and Helen His parents divorced five months before he was born On June 9 1940 his mother married Francis Ronald Graham Sr a wealthy widower over twenty years her senior with ten children of his own Shortly after the wedding his mother and step father moved to Vancouver British Columbia and Bill and Helen were raised by their maternal grandparents in Toronto Ontario In 1943 when Bill was four he joined his mother and step father in Vancouver 1 Graham Sr died in 1963 at his funeral Graham learned that his step father was actually his biological father 2 His paternal grandparents were Protestant Irish immigrants 1 He was educated at Upper Canada College Trinity College at the University of Toronto the University of Toronto Faculty of Law where he was an editor of the Law Review and the gold medalist of 1964 3 and the University of Paris As a student he travelled in the Middle East and Europe While at university he served in the Royal Canadian Naval Reserve under the University Naval Training Division UNTD obtaining his commission as a Sub Lieutenant in 1960 citation needed He married the former Catherine Curry in 1962 and they have a daughter Katherine Katy born in 1964 and a son the freelance writer Patrick Graham born in 1965 citation needed Early career editAfter his graduation from law school Graham went to Paris to pursue a doctorate of laws with a focus on international law as well as to improve his French He received his Docteur de l universite DU in 1970 4 He also represented a Toronto law firm Fasken and Calvin known as Faskens where he had articled in Europe Upon returning to Toronto in 1968 Graham remained at Faskens until 1982 working with Walter Williston in litigation and on his own in an international trade and commercial law practice 5 He also became active in civic affairs particularly the promotion of bilingualism He served as a director and from 1979 to 1987 president of Alliance Francaise de Toronto citation needed In 1975 Graham was appointed by Ontario Attorney General Roy McMurtry to an advisory committee on the implementation of bilingualism in provincial courts citation needed Professor edit Graham moved from the practice of law to academia in 1981 when he took a faculty position at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law teaching EEC law public international law and international trade law until 1993 Graham became president of the University of Toronto Faculty Association where he was strongly critical of Joseph Rotman s donation to the then Faculty of Management in 1995 The donor agreement included several clauses that could limit the university and faculty of management s academic freedom The agreement required that U of T rank the faculty of management as one of its highest priorities for the allocation of university funding ensuring to its best efforts that business education receives continuing focus Graham noted the unqualified support for the vision and it talked about non qualified support for and commitment to the values and principles underlying the vision by the members of the faculty of management as well as the central administration As a result the donation agreement underwent some substantial revisions 6 Graham also held visiting lectureships at McGill University and the Universite de Montreal In 1999 he endowed a chair in international law at the law school 4 Political career edit nbsp Graham left and Saint Lucia foreign minister Julian Hunte right Graham twice sought election unsuccessfully to the House of Commons as a Liberal in the riding of Toronto Centre Rosedale losing in 1984 to the Progressive Conservative incumbent former Toronto Mayor David Crombie and very narrowly by 80 votes citation needed in 1988 to Progressive Conservative candidate David MacDonald He defeated MacDonald in the 1993 federal election and was reelected in 1997 2000 2004 and 2006 citation needed He served as a member and for six years as chair of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade SCFAIT citation needed Under his chairmanship SCFAIT produced public reports on the role of nuclear weapons in world politics Canada and the circumpolar world the future of the World Trade Organization WTO the Multilateral Agreement on Investment MAI hemispheric free trade and Canadian relations with Europe and the Muslim world Graham also promoted parliamentary diplomacy and was active in the creation or operation of many international fora for parliamentarians including the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe OSCE of which he was Treasurer and the Canada US Parliamentary Association citation needed He was also the Liberal Party of Canada s representative to Liberal International of which he was Treasurer and the first elected Chair of the Inter Parliamentary Forum of the Americas citation needed While his attention as an MP was directed largely to foreign affairs in domestic politics he strongly promoted same sex rights This issue was of considerable importance in his riding which contains Canada s largest gay neighbourhood He supported same sex pensions and the admission to Canada of gay refugees facing persecution for their sexual identity and he was an early proponent of legal recognition of same sex marriage 4 He was voted Toronto s best MP several times by the readers of the city s Now Magazine and he was the recipient of Pride Toronto s lifetime achievement award in 2007 7 Minister of Foreign Affairs editIn January 2002 Prime Minister Jean Chretien appointed Graham as Minister of Foreign Affairs citation needed His tenure was largely dominated by the changes to world affairs flowing from the 9 11 terrorist attacks and the increased unilateralism of American foreign policy In the months leading up to the 2003 American led invasion of Iraq Chretien and Graham articulated a position of opposition to military action without either an unambiguous authorizing resolution by the United Nations Security Council or clear evidence that Saddam Hussein s regime was in violation of the obligations to disarm that it had accepted after the 1991 Gulf War A Canadian compromise allowing additional time for weapons inspections but with a firm deadline for Iraqi compliance elicited strong American opposition and little enthusiasm from other Security Council members After a resolution sponsored by the US the UK and Spain that explicitly authorized military action was withdrawn in the face of likely failure Canada declined to take part in the subsequent invasion citation needed Canada did support important elements of the US led War on Terror and Canadian troops participated in the UN sanctioned invasion of Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime in October 2001 In the summer of 2003 Chretien and Graham committed Canada to assume the lead role in the International Security Assistance Force ISAF the NATO mission in Afghanistan ISAF was initially responsible for securing Kabul and its environs but an October 2003 Security Council resolution authorized its extension through much of the country 8 285 286 Some aspects of Canadian American cooperation in the War on Terror worked smoothly but there were instances of misunderstanding or miscommunication Perhaps the most widely noticed came after American authorities deported a Canadian citizen Maher Arar to Syria where he was imprisoned for a year and tortured apparently on the basis of intelligence quietly relayed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police RCMP Unable to get RCMP support for Arar s release Graham urged Prime Minister Chretien to intervene Following Chretien s representations Arar was released and a judicial inquiry conducted into his case Graham testified that he was unaware at the time that the RCMP had passed information to the American authorities 9 Graham also unsuccessfully urged his American counterpart Colin Powell to consent to the release of Omar Khadr a Canadian national taken prisoner by American forces in Afghanistan while a minor and held at the US Guantanamo Bay detention camp 10 Despite these differences Graham and Powell had good relations and cooperated effectively on a number of issues including the despatch of 500 Canadian Forces personnel to Haiti as a short term stabilization force after the ouster of President Jean Bertrand Aristide citation needed Minister of National Defence editWhen Graham s former law school classmate Paul Martin succeeded Chretien as Prime Minister in December 2003 Martin left Graham at Foreign Affairs but after an election in June 2004 reduced the Liberals to a minority Martin moved him to National Defence This would normally be regarded as a demotion but Martin had promised during the election campaign to increase defence spending and he indicated to Graham that he would enjoy prime ministerial backing in his efforts to rebuild the Canadian military after the economies resulting from the deficit reduction program that Martin had implemented in the early 1990s as Minister of Finance 8 129 131 In Graham s first months as Defence Minister one of the most pressing issues was the Canadian response to the George W Bush administration s invitation to take part in its Ballistic Missile Defence BMD program Graham offered qualified support to Canadian participation in part because he feared that nonparticipation would marginalize the North American Air Defence Command NORAD within continental defence arrangements But opposition to BMD and Bush administration policies generally was strong in Canada and Martin did not provide energetic backing for Graham s efforts to convince his Cabinet and Caucus colleagues In February 2005 Graham informed his American counterpart Donald Rumsfeld that Canadian participation was politically impossible 8 152 177 In July 2005 as part of a tour of Canada s arctic defense installations Graham visited Hans Island the sovereignty of which was disputed by Canada and Denmark Denmark publicly protested the visit but subsequently entered into negotiations to settle the island s status 11 Perhaps Graham s biggest success as Defence Minister was implementing a new doctrinal and budgetary framework for Canadian defence policy He persuaded Martin and Finance Minister Ralph Goodale to accept a 13 billion increase in defence spending the largest in a generation as part of the 2005 budget This entailed significant capital expenditures including the acquisition of Hercules aircraft to provide the Canadian Forces CF with tactical airlift capability 12 In addition the CF command structure was overhauled to improve the capacity to respond to either domestic disaster or terrorist threat including the creation of a new Canada Command 8 130 151 13 Graham and General Rick Hillier whose 2005 appointment as Chief of the Defence Staff CDS he recommended sought to transform the CF into a more mobile force capable of conducting armed peacemaking and humanitarian interventions This broke with both the Cold War emphasis on preparation for large scale conventional hostilities across defined international borders and the recent Canadian tradition of lightly armed peacekeeping under UN auspices Restoring security and order to the failed or failing states that served as bases for terrorists was placed at the centre of CF doctrine This conception of the CF s future role was set out in a Defence Policy Statement that fed into the Martin government s broader review of Canadian foreign policy 8 130 151 Graham and Hillier persuaded Martin to make Afghanistan a laboratory for the new doctrine in the spring of 2005 the Canadian government announced that the 1 200 Canadian troops in Kabul would be transferred to Kandahar province Canada assumed a major role in Southern Afghanistan with 2 300 personnel there by early 2006 Graham and Hillier supported a 3D or whole of government approach based on the concept of the Provincial Reconstruction Team PRT in which diplomats military police development and reconstruction specialists work together to provide security and rebuild societal institutions During Graham s tenure as Defence Minister Canada s Disaster Assistance Response Team DART provided emergency relief to Sri Lanka after the 2005 tsunami citation needed In the weeks leading up to the January 2006 federal election Graham oversaw the negotiations of an agreement signed by Hillier and the Afghan Defence Minister governing the treatment of Afghan detainees captured by Canadian personnel and turned over to Afghan authorities After revelations in 2010 that some detainees had been tortured Graham appeared before a parliamentary committee investigating the matter He conceded that the agreement had been imperfect lacking as it did a mechanism for monitoring the treatment of prisoners after they were placed in Afghan custody but pointed out that its omissions were more readily apparent in retrospect than they were at the time and that it had been developed on the best available advice to meet unprecedented circumstances 14 Interim Liberal leader edit After the Liberals were defeated in the 2006 election and the Conservatives formed a minority government under Stephen Harper Graham served as interim Leader of the Liberal Party and Leader of the Opposition until the December 2006 leadership convention that elected Stephane Dion as Leader citation needed Two highly charged issues debated in the House of Commons during his leadership were the recognition of Quebec as a nation and the extension of the mission in Afghanistan until 2011 Graham was neutral in the race to choose a new leader On February 22 2007 he announced he would not be a candidate for reelection in the next federal election citation needed On June 19 he announced that he was stepping down as an MP effective July 2 This freed up the seat for former Ontario Premier and leadership contender Bob Rae who like Graham would later become interim Liberal leader to run as the Liberal candidate in the resulting by election citation needed Electoral history editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bill Graham Canadian politician news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message 2006 Canadian federal electionParty Candidate Votes Liberal Bill Graham 30 874 52 23 4 30New Democratic Michael Shapcott 14 036 23 74 0 01Conservative Lewis Reford 10 763 18 21 3 42Green Chris Tindal 3 080 5 21 1 30Communist Johan Boyden 120 0 2 0 00Independent Michel Prairie 101 0 2 0 00Animal Alliance Liz White 72 0 12Marxist Leninist Philip Fernandez 66 0 11 0 01Total valid votes 59 112 100 00 Liberal hold Swing 2 1 vte2004 Canadian federal election Toronto CentreParty Candidate Votes Liberal Bill Graham 30 336 56 53 1 26New Democratic Michael Shapcott 12 747 23 75 12 39Conservative Megan Harris 7 936 14 79 13 00Green Gabriel Draven 2 097 3 91Marijuana Jay Wagner 313 0 58 0 94Communist Dan Goldstick 106 0 20 0 05Marxist Leninist Philip Fernandez 65 0 12 0 12Canadian Action Kevin Peck 63 0 12 2 97Total valid votes 53 663 100 00Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election Toronto Centre Rosedale 1996 2003 edit vte2000 Canadian federal election Toronto Centre RosedaleParty Candidate Votes Liberal Bill Graham 26 203 55 33 6 08Progressive Conservative Randall Pearce 8 149 17 21 2 13New Democratic David Berlin 5 300 11 19 9 22Alliance Richard Walker 5 058 10 68 2 83Canadian Action Paul Hellyer 1 466 3 10 2 44Marijuana Neev Tapiero 722 1 52Natural Law David Gordon 224 0 47 0 11Communist Dan Goldstick 121 0 26Marxist Leninist Philip Fernandez 116 0 24 0 11Total valid votes 47 359 100 00Total rejected ballots 246 0 52 0 38Turnout 47 605 57 19 9 82Electors on the lists 83 243Sources Official Results Elections Canada Poll by poll Result Files Elections Canada and Financial Returns Elections Canada 1997 Canadian federal electionParty Candidate Votes Liberal Bill Graham 22 945 49 19 0 80New Democratic David MacDonald 9 597 20 58 9 80Progressive Conservative Stephen Probyn 8 993 19 28 1 96Reform John Stewart 3 646 7 82 4 65Green Jim Harris 577 1 24 0 30Canadian Action Anthony Robert Pedrette 303 0 65Natural Law Ron Parker 270 0 58 1 01Marxist Leninist Steve Rutchinski 166 0 36 0 25Independent Ted W Culp 145 0 31Total valid votes 46 642 100 00Rosedale 1993 1996 edit 1993 Canadian federal electionParty Candidate Votes Liberal Bill Graham 25 726 50 00 8 78Progressive Conservative David MacDonald 10 930 21 24 20 12Reform Daniel Jovkovic 6 413 12 46New Democratic Jack Layton 5 547 10 78 4 28National Martin Lanigan 1 091 2 12Natural Law Doug Henning 817 1 59Green Leslie Hunter 483 0 94 0 22Independent Linda Dale Gibbons 350 0 68Marxist Leninist Steve Rutchinski 57 0 11Abolitionist Yann Patrice D Audibert Garcien 40 0 08Total valid votes 51 454 100 001988 Canadian federal electionParty Candidate Votes Progressive Conservative David MacDonald 22 704 41 36 11 44Liberal Bill Graham 22 624 41 21 15 08New Democratic Doug Wilson 8 266 15 06 2 77Libertarian Chris Blatchly 411 0 75 0 09Green Frank de Jong 397 0 72 1 14Rhinoceros Liane McLarty 265 0 48Independent Mike Constable 102 0 19Independent Harry Margel 91 0 17Commonwealth of Canada Paul Therrien 33 0 06 0 27Total valid votes 54 893 100 001984 Canadian federal electionParty Candidate Votes Progressive Conservative David Crombie 23 211 52 80 8 84Liberal Bill Graham 11 488 26 13 12 95New Democratic Dell Wolfson 7 836 17 82 2 97Green Shirley Ruth Farlinger 821 1 87Libertarian Clarke Slemon 291 0 66 0 30Communist Sylvie Baillargeon 172 0 39 0 17Commonwealth of Canada David Dube 144 0 33Total valid votes 43 963 100 00After politics editFollowing his departure from electoral politics Graham was active in a number of organizations and business concerns In 2007 he was elected Chancellor at Trinity College Toronto He was Visitor at Green College where he was also an Honorary Life Fellow He was also the Chair of the Atlantic Council of Canada from 2007 to 2012 Chair of the Canadian International Council and was a member of the Trilateral Commission 15 He was the Honorary Colonel of the Governor General s Horse Guards from 2009 to 2018 and received an honorary doctorate from the Royal Military College of Canada in 2010 In 2018 he was appointed Honorary Colonel of Canadian Special Forces Operations Command From 2012 to 2018 he was co chair of the advisory board of the Creative Destruction Lab As a member of the Queen s Privy Council for Canada since 2002 Graham was entitled to use the style of The Honourable and the post nominal PC for life He received various honours for his services to the French language and culture in Ontario including appointment by the French government as Chevalier of the Legion of Honour and Chevalier of the Order of the Pleiade He was a recipient of the Jean Baptiste Rousseau Prize and the Doctoral Ring of Siena and a Patron of Liberal International In 2015 he was made a member of the Order of Canada In 2014 he received the St Laurent Award from the NATO Association of Canada and 2016 the Global Citizen Award from the United Nations Association of Canada In 2017 he was awarded the Vimy Award by the Conference of Defence Associations In 2011 he endowed the Bill Graham Centre for Contemporary International History and sat on its advisory board The centre is associated with Trinity College and the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto It seeks to promote the study of contemporary events from a historical perspective and to bring together the worlds of the policymaker and the scholar 16 Graham participated in the Government of Canada s Defence Review as one of four members of a Minister s Advisory Panel providing input for Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan The review aimed to consult with Canadians across the country in order to develop a future road map for Canada s defence policy In June 2017 it was released as Strong Secure Engaged 17 In 2016 Graham published an autobiography Call of the World A Political Memoir reprinted in paperback in 2018 18 Graham died on August 7 2022 at his home in Toronto after a period of ill health 19 20 21 Honours editRibbon Description Notes nbsp Order of Canada OC Member May 8 2015 22 Officer November 27 2020 23 nbsp Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal 2002 Canadian Version of this Medal nbsp Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal 2012 Canadian Version of this Medal nbsp Legion of Honour Chevalier nbsp Order of La Pleiade ChevalierScholastic edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bill Graham Canadian politician news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message University DegreesLocation Date School Degree nbsp Ontario Upper Canada College nbsp Ontario 1961 Trinity College Toronto Bachelor of Arts BA in Modern History nbsp Ontario 1964 University of Toronto Bachelor of Laws LL B nbsp France University of ParisChancellor visitor governor rector and fellowshipsLocation Date School Position nbsp Ontario 2007 Trinity College Toronto Chancellor 24 nbsp Ontario Massey College Senior Fellow nbsp British Columbia Green College Honorary Life FellowThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items February 2019 Honorary DegreesLocation Date School Degree nbsp Ontario June 1 2010 Royal Military College of Canada Doctor of Laws LL D 25 nbsp Ontario June 15 2018 University of Toronto Doctor of Laws LL D 24 26 This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items November 2018 Appointments edit Location Date Institution Position nbsp Canada January 16 2002 Queen s Privy Council for Canada Member PC nbsp Canada Government of Canada Queen s Counsel QC Honorary military appointments edit nbsp 2007 2012 Honorary Lieutenant Colonel of the Governor General s Horse Guards nbsp 2012 2018 Honorary Colonel of the Governor General s Horse Guards 27 Works editGraham Bill 2016 Call of the World A Political Memoir C D Howe Series in Political History Vancouver University of British Columbia Press ISBN 978 0 77489000 7 See also editRichard Proulx police officer References edit a b Graham Bill 2016 The Call of the World A Political Memoir On Point Press pp 5 6 Graham Bill 2016 The Call of the World A Political Memoir On Point Press p 36 The William C Graham Chair in International Law and Development Honouring a Life of Public Service and International Vision Nexus University of Toronto Faculty of Law Spring 2000 Archived from the original on September 27 2011 Retrieved September 7 2019 a b c Sylvia Fraser The Private Life of Bill Graham Toronto Life May 2003 pp 83 92 Article mentioned Kyer C Ian Lawyers Families and Businesses The Shaping of a Bay Street Law Firm Faskens 1863 1963 Irwin Law 2013 pp 232 243 Meg Murphy January 27 1997 U of T hands over control of faculty of management to Joseph Rotman The Varsity Vol 117 no 34 pp 1 2 Pride Gala and Awards Highlights and Photos www blogto com a b c d e Janice Gross Stein and Eugene Lang The Unexpected War Canada in Kandahar Toronto Penguin 2007 Tonda McCharles Mistakes kept from Martin Toronto Star October 5 2006 A1 Michelle Shephard Ottawa played down Khadr concerns Toronto Star August 20 2007 Hans Island Time Archived from the original on January 5 2013 Retrieved January 2 2013 David Bercuson Liberals lay down your arms Toronto Globe and Mail May 18 2010 citation for honorary doctorate Royal Military College of Canada General Rick Hillier A Soldier First Bullets Bureaucrats and the Politics of War Toronto Harper Collins 2010 pp 350 351 Graham testimony to parliamentary committee on Afghan detainees May 12 2010 The Trilateral Commission Executive Committee PDF The Trilateral Commission May 2012 Archived from the original PDF on May 26 2012 Retrieved September 7 2019 Bill Graham Centre Bill Graham Centre Retrieved January 26 2019 Strong Secure Engaged A new defence policy for Canada Speech Minister of National Defence Government of Canada June 7 2017 Retrieved September 7 2019 The Call of the World an inside look at the Liberal party Toronto Star May 8 2016 William Carvel GRAHAM obituary Taylor Stephanie August 8 2022 Bill Graham former Liberal cabinet minister has died The Globe and Mail Retrieved August 8 2022 Bill Graham a former defence and foreign affairs minister has died CBC News August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 General Office of the Secretary to the Governor June 11 2018 Recipients The Governor General of Canada Governor General Announces 114 New Appointments to the Order of Canada November 26 2020 a b Chancellor Bill Graham to Receive an Honorary Doctorate from U of T Trinity College News February 28 2018 Bennett Pete July 19 2016 Royal Military College of Canada Honorary Degree Recipients Royal Military College of Canada Hon William C Graham Convocation 2018 Honorary Degree Recipient Archived from the original on December 21 2021 via www youtube com Virey MCpl Anthony Spring 2019 OP DISTINCTION 2018 100th Anniversary of the Armistice Regimental Lines GGHG Association 18 External links edit nbsp Wikinews has news related to Bill Graham Bill Graham Parliament of Canada biography The Bill Graham Centre for Contemporary International History26th Ministry Cabinet of Jean ChretienCabinet postPreceded byJohn Manley Minister of Foreign Affairs2002 2003 Succeeded bycont d into 27th Min 27th Ministry Cabinet of Paul MartinCabinet posts 2 Preceded byDavid Pratt Minister of National Defence2004 2006 Succeeded byGordon O Connorcont d from 26th Min Minister of Foreign Affairs2003 2004 Succeeded byPierre PettigrewParty political officesPreceded byPaul Martin Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada InterimMarch 18 2006 December 2 2006 Succeeded byStephane DionAcademic officesPreceded byMichael Wilson Chancellor of the University of Trinity College2007 2022 Vacant Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bill Graham Canadian politician amp oldid 1170863780, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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