β-Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment. It has been isolated from a variety of sources including the fruit of plants in the genus Physalis, orange rind, papaya, egg yolk, butter, apples, and bovine blood serum.[1]
In terms of structure, β-cryptoxanthin is closely related to β-carotene, with only the addition of a hydroxyl group. It is a member of the class of carotenoids known as xanthophylls.
In the human body, β-cryptoxanthin is converted to vitamin A (retinol) and is, therefore, considered a provitamin A. As with other carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA, as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA.[2]
Recent findings of an inverse association between β-cryptoxanthin and lung cancer risk in several observational epidemiological studies suggest that β-cryptoxanthin could potentially act as a chemopreventive agent against lung cancer.[3] On the other hand, in the Grade IV histology group of adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma, moderate to high intake of β-cryptoxanthin (for second tertile and for highest tertile compared to lowest tertile, in all cases) was associated with poorer survival.[4]
Other usesedit
β-Cryptoxanthin is also used as a substance to colour food products (INS number 161c). It is not approved for use in the EU[5] or USA;[citation needed] however, it is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand.[6]
^Lorenzo, Y.; Azqueta, A.; Luna, L.; Bonilla, F.; Dominguez, G.; Collins, A. R. (2008). "The carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin stimulates the repair of DNA oxidation damage in addition to acting as an antioxidant in human cells". Carcinogenesis. 30 (2): 308–314. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn270. PMID 19056931.
^Lian, Fuzhi; Hu, Kang-Quan; Russell, Robert M.; Wang, Xiang-Dong (2006). "β-Cryptoxanthin suppresses the growth of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells and non-small-cell lung cancer cells and up-regulates retinoic acid receptor b expression". International Journal of Cancer. 119 (9): 2084–2089. doi:10.1002/ijc.22111. PMID 16841329.
^Delorenze, Gerald N; McCoy, Lucie; Tsai, Ai-Lin; Quesenberry, Charles P; Rice, Terri; Il'yasova, Dora; Wrensch, Margaret (2010). "Daily intake of antioxidants in relation to survival among adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma". BMC Cancer. 10: 215. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-215. PMC2880992. PMID 20482871.
^UK Food Standards Agency: "Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers". Retrieved 2011-10-27.[permanent dead link]
^Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code"Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients". Retrieved 2011-10-27.
January 01, 1970
cryptoxanthin, natural, carotenoid, pigment, been, isolated, from, variety, sources, including, fruit, plants, genus, physalis, orange, rind, papaya, yolk, butter, apples, bovine, blood, serum, names, iupac, name, caroten, systematic, iupac, name, trimethyl, t. b Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment It has been isolated from a variety of sources including the fruit of plants in the genus Physalis orange rind papaya egg yolk butter apples and bovine blood serum 1 b Cryptoxanthin 1 Names IUPAC name 3R b b Caroten 3 ol Systematic IUPAC name 1R 3 5 5 Trimethyl 4 3E 5E 7E 9E 11E 13E 15E 3 7 12 16 tetramethyl 18 2 6 6 trimethylcyclohex 1 en 1 yl octadeca 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 nonaen 1 yl cyclohex 3 en 1 ol Other names CryptoxantholCaricaxanthin R all trans b Caroten 3 olHydroxy b carotenekryptoxanthin Identifiers CAS Number 472 70 8 Y 3D model JSmol Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI 10362 Y ChemSpider 4444647 Y E number E161c colours PubChem CID 5281235 UNII 6ZIB13GI33 Y CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID30912309 InChI InChI 1S C40H56O c1 30 18 13 20 32 3 23 25 37 34 5 22 15 27 39 37 7 8 16 11 12 17 31 2 19 14 21 33 4 24 26 38 35 6 28 36 41 29 40 38 9 10 h11 14 16 21 23 26 36 41H 15 22 27 29H2 1 10H3 b12 11 18 13 19 14 25 23 26 24 30 16 31 17 32 20 33 21 t36 m1 s1 YKey DMASLKHVQRHNES FKKUPVFPSA N YInChI 1 C40H56O c1 30 18 13 20 32 3 23 25 37 34 5 22 15 27 39 37 7 8 16 11 12 17 31 2 19 14 21 33 4 24 26 38 35 6 28 36 41 29 40 38 9 10 h11 14 16 21 23 26 36 41H 15 22 27 29H2 1 10H3 b12 11 18 13 19 14 25 23 26 24 30 16 31 17 32 20 33 21 t36 m1 s1Key DMASLKHVQRHNES FKKUPVFPBQ SMILES O C H 2C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C1 C C CCCC1 C C C C C C C C C C2 C Properties Chemical formula C40H56O Molar mass 552 85 g mol Melting point 169 C 336 F 442 K Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Y verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Chemistry 2 Biology and medicine 3 Other uses 4 ReferencesChemistry editIn terms of structure b cryptoxanthin is closely related to b carotene with only the addition of a hydroxyl group It is a member of the class of carotenoids known as xanthophylls In a pure form b cryptoxanthin is a red crystalline solid with a metallic luster It is freely soluble in chloroform benzene pyridine and carbon disulfide 1 Biology and medicine editIn the human body b cryptoxanthin is converted to vitamin A retinol and is therefore considered a provitamin A As with other carotenoids b cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA 2 Recent findings of an inverse association between b cryptoxanthin and lung cancer risk in several observational epidemiological studies suggest that b cryptoxanthin could potentially act as a chemopreventive agent against lung cancer 3 On the other hand in the Grade IV histology group of adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma moderate to high intake of b cryptoxanthin for second tertile and for highest tertile compared to lowest tertile in all cases was associated with poorer survival 4 Other uses editb Cryptoxanthin is also used as a substance to colour food products INS number 161c It is not approved for use in the EU 5 or USA citation needed however it is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand 6 References edit a b c Merck Index 11th Edition 2612 Lorenzo Y Azqueta A Luna L Bonilla F Dominguez G Collins A R 2008 The carotenoid b cryptoxanthin stimulates the repair of DNA oxidation damage in addition to acting as an antioxidant in human cells Carcinogenesis 30 2 308 314 doi 10 1093 carcin bgn270 PMID 19056931 Lian Fuzhi Hu Kang Quan Russell Robert M Wang Xiang Dong 2006 b Cryptoxanthin suppresses the growth of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells and non small cell lung cancer cells and up regulates retinoic acid receptor b expression International Journal of Cancer 119 9 2084 2089 doi 10 1002 ijc 22111 PMID 16841329 Delorenze Gerald N McCoy Lucie Tsai Ai Lin Quesenberry Charles P Rice Terri Il yasova Dora Wrensch Margaret 2010 Daily intake of antioxidants in relation to survival among adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma BMC Cancer 10 215 doi 10 1186 1471 2407 10 215 PMC 2880992 PMID 20482871 UK Food Standards Agency Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers Retrieved 2011 10 27 permanent dead link Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code Standard 1 2 4 Labelling of ingredients Retrieved 2011 10 27 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title B Cryptoxanthin amp oldid 1213402480, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
