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Berthold Goldschmidt

January 01, 1970

Berthold Goldschmidt (18 January 1903 – 17 October 1996) was a German Jewish composer who spent most of his life in England. The suppression of his work by Nazi Germany, as well as the disdain with which many Modernist critics elsewhere dismissed his "anachronistic" lyricism, stranded the composer in the wilderness for many years before he was given a revival in his final decade.

Goldschmidt Berthold

Life edit

Goldschmidt was born in Hamburg, Germany in 1903. His musical career began in earnest during the heyday of the Weimar Republic. While studying philosophy at the University of Hamburg, he was encouraged by the Italian composer Ferruccio Busoni to write music. In 1922, Goldschmidt entered the Berlin Hochschule für Musik and joined Franz Schreker's composition class, where his fellow pupils included Ernst Krenek, Alois Hába, Felix Petryek, and Jascha Horenstein. He also studied conducting, played freelance for the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, and in 1923, coached the choir for the Berlin premiere of Arnold Schoenberg's Gurre-Lieder. In 1925, Goldschmidt achieved his first major success with his Passacaglia, Op. 4, which earned him the prestigious Mendelssohn Prize. Hailed as one of the brightest hopes of a generation of young composers, Goldschmidt reached the premature climax of his career with the premiere of his opera Der gewaltige Hahnrei in Mannheim in 1932.

This triumph happened on the eve of the Nazi takeover of Germany, which quickly destroyed Goldschmidt's livelihood. Like many Jewish composers (and other composers considered subversive of the Germanic purity of the Third Reich), Goldschmidt had his work condemned as "degenerate music" by the regime. There was no place in German musical life for Goldschmidt since performances of his work were banned and he was barred from conducting orchestras. Goldschmidt resorted to earning a living by giving piano lessons, before finally leaving the country on the advice of an SS officer and emigrating to England in 1935.

During World War II, Goldschmidt worked for the BBC and served as the Music Director of its German Service in 1944-47. While taking jobs in conducting, Goldschmidt also composed works such as the Ciaccona Sinfonica, concertos for violin, cello, and clarinet, and the opera Beatrice Cenci. The English attitude towards Goldschmidt's music was generally indifferent. Even though Beatrice Cenci, an opera based on the 1819 play The Cenci by Percy Bysshe Shelley, won first prize in the 1951 Festival of Britain opera competition, Covent Garden refused to mount a production. Neglected by the musical establishment, Goldschmidt decided to abandon original composition in 1958. For the next six years, he collaborated with Deryck Cooke on producing a performing edition of Gustav Mahler's Tenth Symphony. On 13 August 1964, at the Proms, Goldschmidt conducted the London Symphony Orchestra in the world premiere of the Cooke realization.

The last years of Goldschmidt's life witnessed a renewed interest in the composers of so-called "degenerate music." In 1983, to mark Goldschmidt's 80th birthday, friend and conductor Bernard Keeffe mounted a run-through (the only performance in the UK to date) of scenes from Der gewaltige Hahnrei at Trinity College of Music in London. This performance was attended by David Drew, which led to a publishing collaboration with Boosey & Hawkes. This revival led to performances of his work in the United States and Germany, new recordings, and the recovery of a number of lost manuscripts. His opera Beatrice Cenci, rejected in 1951, was given a concert performance in 1988 and a fully staged performance in 1994.

Goldschmidt had resumed composing in 1982 with the Clarinet Quartet and penned his final work, the Deux nocturnes, just before his death at the age of 93. Champions of his work include the conductors Simon Rattle, Charles Dutoit and Bernard Keeffe; the violinist Chantal Juillet; the Mandelring string quartet; and the record companies Largo and Decca.

He died in London in 1996, aged 93.

Works edit

Operas edit

Orchestral works edit

  • Passacaglia, Op. 4 (1925)
  • Overture: The Comedy of Errors (1925/28)
  • Suite, Op. 5 (1927)
  • Partita, Op. 9 (1927)
  • Der gewaltige Hahnrei: Suite, Op. 14a (1933)
  • Marche Militaire, Op. 20 (1932) for orchestra or wind band (later incorporated into Chronica)
  • Ciaccona Sinfonica (1936)
  • Chronica (1938/58/86)
  • Polish Dance Suite (1939–40)
  • Greek Suite (1940–41)
  • Awake, the voice commands (1947) - Bach's chorale Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, transcribed for orchestra
  • Violin Concerto (1952/55)
  • Cello Concerto (1953)
  • Clarinet Concerto (1953–54)
  • Intrada (1985) for orchestra or wind band (later incorporated into Chronica)
  • Rondeau 'Rue du Rocher' for violin and orchestra (1994–95)

Chamber works edit

  • String Quartet No. 1, Op. 8 (1925–26)
  • String Quartet No. 2 (1936)
  • Carols for string trio (1948)
  • Clarinet Quartet (1982–83)
  • Piano Trio (1985)
  • String Quartet No. 3 (1988–89)
  • Berceuse for violin and viola (1990)
  • Retrospectrum for string trio (1991)
  • Fantasy for oboe, cello and harp (1991)
  • Capriccio for solo violin (1991–92)
  • String Quartet No. 4 (1992)
  • Dialogue with Cordelia for clarinet and cello (1993)
  • Encore, une meditation agitée for violin and piano (1993)
  • Rondeau 'Rue du Rocher' for violin and piano (1994–95)

Vocal works edit

  • Two Morgenstern Songs, Op. 27 for voice and piano or string trio (1933 arr.1992)
  • Three Songs, Op. 24 for coloratura soprano and piano (1933–34)
  • Two Psalms, Op. 34 for high voice and string orchestra (1935)
  • Der Verflossene. Cabaret Song for voice and piano (1942)
  • Beatrice's Song for soprano and piano (1949)
  • Time for voice and piano (1943)
  • Nicodemus, he was black for unaccompanied voice (1948)
  • The Noble Little Soldier's Wife for baritone and xylophone (1948)
  • Clouds for voice and piano or orchestra (1950)
  • The Old Ships for voice and piano (1952)
  • Mediterranean Songs for tenor and orchestra (1957–58)
  • Les petits adieux for baritone and orchestra (1994)
  • Deux nocturnes for soprano and orchestra (1995–96)

Choral works edit

  • Letzte Kapitel, Op. 15 (1930–31) for speaker, chorus, percussion and piano (first performance 1984)
  • Belsatzar (1985) for unaccompanied chorus

Piano works edit

  • Piano Sonata, Op. 10 (1926)
  • Capriccio, Op. 11 (1927) (written for Zdenka Ticharich)
  • Marche Militaire, Op. 20 (1932)
  • Variations on a Palestine Shepherd's Song, Op. 32 (1934)
  • Little Legend (1923/57)
  • From the Ballet (1938/57)
  • Scherzo (1922/58)

Principal publisher: Boosey & Hawkes

External links edit

Biographies from:

  • Boosey and Hawkes, publisher of many of Goldschmidt's works
  • "Stirrings of a Lost Composer" by Norman Lebrecht
  • Appearance on Desert Island Discs 13 November 1994
  • List of émigré composers in Britain

References edit

January 01, 1970
berthold, goldschmidt, january, 1903, october, 1996, german, jewish, composer, spent, most, life, england, suppression, work, nazi, germany, well, disdain, with, which, many, modernist, critics, elsewhere, dismissed, anachronistic, lyricism, stranded, composer. Berthold Goldschmidt 18 January 1903 17 October 1996 was a German Jewish composer who spent most of his life in England The suppression of his work by Nazi Germany as well as the disdain with which many Modernist critics elsewhere dismissed his anachronistic lyricism stranded the composer in the wilderness for many years before he was given a revival in his final decade Goldschmidt Berthold Contents 1 Life 2 Works 2 1 Operas 2 2 Orchestral works 2 3 Chamber works 2 4 Vocal works 2 5 Choral works 2 6 Piano works 3 External links 4 ReferencesLife editGoldschmidt was born in Hamburg Germany in 1903 His musical career began in earnest during the heyday of the Weimar Republic While studying philosophy at the University of Hamburg he was encouraged by the Italian composer Ferruccio Busoni to write music In 1922 Goldschmidt entered the Berlin Hochschule fur Musik and joined Franz Schreker s composition class where his fellow pupils included Ernst Krenek Alois Haba Felix Petryek and Jascha Horenstein He also studied conducting played freelance for the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and in 1923 coached the choir for the Berlin premiere of Arnold Schoenberg s Gurre Lieder In 1925 Goldschmidt achieved his first major success with his Passacaglia Op 4 which earned him the prestigious Mendelssohn Prize Hailed as one of the brightest hopes of a generation of young composers Goldschmidt reached the premature climax of his career with the premiere of his opera Der gewaltige Hahnrei in Mannheim in 1932 This triumph happened on the eve of the Nazi takeover of Germany which quickly destroyed Goldschmidt s livelihood Like many Jewish composers and other composers considered subversive of the Germanic purity of the Third Reich Goldschmidt had his work condemned as degenerate music by the regime There was no place in German musical life for Goldschmidt since performances of his work were banned and he was barred from conducting orchestras Goldschmidt resorted to earning a living by giving piano lessons before finally leaving the country on the advice of an SS officer and emigrating to England in 1935 During World War II Goldschmidt worked for the BBC and served as the Music Director of its German Service in 1944 47 While taking jobs in conducting Goldschmidt also composed works such as the Ciaccona Sinfonica concertos for violin cello and clarinet and the opera Beatrice Cenci The English attitude towards Goldschmidt s music was generally indifferent Even though Beatrice Cenci an opera based on the 1819 play The Cenci by Percy Bysshe Shelley won first prize in the 1951 Festival of Britain opera competition Covent Garden refused to mount a production Neglected by the musical establishment Goldschmidt decided to abandon original composition in 1958 For the next six years he collaborated with Deryck Cooke on producing a performing edition of Gustav Mahler s Tenth Symphony On 13 August 1964 at the Proms Goldschmidt conducted the London Symphony Orchestra in the world premiere of the Cooke realization The last years of Goldschmidt s life witnessed a renewed interest in the composers of so called degenerate music In 1983 to mark Goldschmidt s 80th birthday friend and conductor Bernard Keeffe mounted a run through the only performance in the UK to date of scenes from Der gewaltige Hahnrei at Trinity College of Music in London This performance was attended by David Drew which led to a publishing collaboration with Boosey amp Hawkes This revival led to performances of his work in the United States and Germany new recordings and the recovery of a number of lost manuscripts His opera Beatrice Cenci rejected in 1951 was given a concert performance in 1988 and a fully staged performance in 1994 Goldschmidt had resumed composing in 1982 with the Clarinet Quartet and penned his final work the Deux nocturnes just before his death at the age of 93 Champions of his work include the conductors Simon Rattle Charles Dutoit and Bernard Keeffe the violinist Chantal Juillet the Mandelring string quartet and the record companies Largo and Decca He died in London in 1996 aged 93 Works editOperas edit Der gewaltige Hahnrei Op 14 1929 30 A musical tragi comedy in three acts Beatrice Cenci 1949 50 Opera in three acts based on the 1819 play The Cenci by Percy Bysshe Shelley Orchestral works edit Passacaglia Op 4 1925 Overture The Comedy of Errors 1925 28 Suite Op 5 1927 Partita Op 9 1927 Der gewaltige Hahnrei Suite Op 14a 1933 Marche Militaire Op 20 1932 for orchestra or wind band later incorporated into Chronica Ciaccona Sinfonica 1936 Chronica 1938 58 86 Polish Dance Suite 1939 40 Greek Suite 1940 41 Awake the voice commands 1947 Bach s chorale Wachet auf ruft uns die Stimme transcribed for orchestra Violin Concerto 1952 55 Cello Concerto 1953 Clarinet Concerto 1953 54 Intrada 1985 for orchestra or wind band later incorporated into Chronica Rondeau Rue du Rocher for violin and orchestra 1994 95 Chamber works edit String Quartet No 1 Op 8 1925 26 String Quartet No 2 1936 Carols for string trio 1948 Clarinet Quartet 1982 83 Piano Trio 1985 String Quartet No 3 1988 89 Berceuse for violin and viola 1990 Retrospectrum for string trio 1991 Fantasy for oboe cello and harp 1991 Capriccio for solo violin 1991 92 String Quartet No 4 1992 Dialogue with Cordelia for clarinet and cello 1993 Encore une meditation agitee for violin and piano 1993 Rondeau Rue du Rocher for violin and piano 1994 95 Vocal works edit Two Morgenstern Songs Op 27 for voice and piano or string trio 1933 arr 1992 Three Songs Op 24 for coloratura soprano and piano 1933 34 Two Psalms Op 34 for high voice and string orchestra 1935 Der Verflossene Cabaret Song for voice and piano 1942 Beatrice s Song for soprano and piano 1949 Time for voice and piano 1943 Nicodemus he was black for unaccompanied voice 1948 The Noble Little Soldier s Wife for baritone and xylophone 1948 Clouds for voice and piano or orchestra 1950 The Old Ships for voice and piano 1952 Mediterranean Songs for tenor and orchestra 1957 58 Les petits adieux for baritone and orchestra 1994 Deux nocturnes for soprano and orchestra 1995 96 Choral works edit Letzte Kapitel Op 15 1930 31 for speaker chorus percussion and piano first performance 1984 Belsatzar 1985 for unaccompanied chorus Piano works edit Piano Sonata Op 10 1926 Capriccio Op 11 1927 written for Zdenka Ticharich Marche Militaire Op 20 1932 Variations on a Palestine Shepherd s Song Op 32 1934 Little Legend 1923 57 From the Ballet 1938 57 Scherzo 1922 58 Principal publisher Boosey amp HawkesExternal links editBiographies from Boosey and Hawkes publisher of many of Goldschmidt s works Classical Composers Database Sony Classical Stirrings of a Lost Composer by Norman Lebrecht Appearance on Desert Island Discs 13 November 1994 List of emigre composers in BritainReferences editOxford Dictionary of National Biography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Berthold Goldschmidt amp oldid 1174382631, wikipedia, 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