Bert Kinner
Winfield Bertrum "Bert" Kinner (December 16, 1882 – July 4, 1957) was an American aircraft engine designer and designer of the first folding wing aircraft.[1] Kinner founded Kinner Airplane & Motor Corporation in Glendale, California, which produced radial engines and aircraft.[2][3]
Winfield Bertrum Kinner | |
|---|---|
| Born | Winfield Bertrum Kinner December 16, 1882 Iowa, United States |
| Died | July 4, 1957 (aged 74) |
| Nationality | American |
| Other names | Bert Kinner |
| Occupation(s) | Aircraft and aircraft engine designer, constructor |
| Spouse | Cora Kinner |
Early life edit
Bert Kinner was born on December 16, 1882, in Benton County, Iowa.[4] His father was from New York. His mother was born in England and her maiden name was Lee.
Career edit
Kinner worked, as a streetcar operator, in Denver before going to Minnesota, there working as a barber, taxi service operator, and car dealer.[5][6][7]
Aviation career edit
On May 25, 1915, pioneer pilot and aviation designer, Otto Timm crashed in a field in Magnolia, Minnesota, owned by Kinner. His aircraft's Anzani engine was repaired by Kinner, who was fascinated by the aircraft.[8]
Later that year, he and his family went to California, where Kinner opened a business as an automobile coachbuilder.[5] In 1918, Kinner served in the United States Army Air Service, but he didn't see active duty, and was not trained to fly, because, on 11 November 1918 the First World War ended.[5] In Venice, California, the following year, he went on an observation airplane ride then began an aircraft career.[5]
Kinner Field edit
In 1920, Kinner was working as an aircraft engineer in Los Angeles, but had an aspiration to design and build aircraft. At Long Beach Boulevard and Tweedy Boulevard, on a 230-acre property, Kinner opened an airport and a company to manufacture airplanes.[5] The firm, Kinner Airplane and Motor Corporation, was the first California publicly traded company.[5]
He was the manager of Kinner Field, the first municipally-owned airport in Los Angeles, located on the west side of Long Beach Boulevard and Tweedy Road, in what is now South Gate, California. His airfield included a small hangar, 1,200 ft (366 m), roughed out runway and one employee, Anita "Neta" Snook, who had recently arrived from Iowa after a season of barnstorming with her Curtiss JN-4 Canuck in tow.[11]
"Snooky" turned out to be a good hire as she not only chatted up customers, and ran the air operation, but also served as a mechanic. Kinner hired Snook to test fly his aircraft and to provide flight instruction for a prospective training school.[12]
Kinner Airplane & Motor Corporation edit
At the Kinner Airplane & Motor Corporation, he began to design his first small, light aircraft called the Kinner Airster. The tiny biplane was powered by a three-cylinder Lawrence L2 engine that put out 60 hp.[11]
Glendale edit
In 1923, Kinner moved his airplane and engine manufacturing firm to Glendale.[13][14][5] In 1923, the Glendale Airport Association formed, and in 1929, resulted in the Grand Central Air Terminal at Glendale.[5] In the late Twenties, Kinner discontinued making whole aircraft, and focused on engines.[5] Kinner remained as an officer of The Crown Motor Carriage Company which assumed the aircraft assembly business.[5] Aircraft Division of the Crown Carriage Company licensed the Kinner Airster airframe and it was manufactured as the Crown B-3 between 1930 and 1933.[15][16]
Kinner continued to design and build a limited series of light aircraft; the Kinner series of engines powered aircraft from the late 1920s to the early 1930s. The earliest Kinner engines had three cylinders, and were modeled after the French Anzani 3-cylinder fan engines. Later Kinner developed a range of five cylinder engines. The airplane business ended in the mid-1930s, but the engines were produced through World War II. Kinner became the West Coast's largest producer of aircraft engines in 1941.[citation needed] The last series of Kinner engines powered PT-22 trainers.[11][17]
Later years edit
In the 1930s, Kinner, formed Security National Aircraft Corporation[18][19] and built planes at Long Beach, California,[5] and Downey Field,[20] that later became Downey Studios, in Downey, California,[21]
Personal life edit
Kinner married Cora M. Brusse (1887-1982), the sister of his test pilot, Lee V. Brusse. In Minnesota, they had two children, Winfield Bertrum Kinner II (1911–1993), and Donald W. Kinner (1914–?).[citation needed] In California, they had two children, Donna M Kinner (14 August 1922—?),[22] and Robert H Kinner (21 October 1924—?).[23]
Lee V. Brusse became Kinner's chief pilot and test pilot.[24] Cora sewed fabric for airframes.
Kinner was a Quiet Birdmen.[4]
About 1939, Kinner retired from active business, transferring his business to Otto Timm,[25] turning to aircraft inspection, due to ill health.[5] Worsening health forced him to retire.[5] Kinner lived to age of 74, dying on 4 July 1957,[5] in Long Beach, California.[4] Los Angeles Times'' reported, "Winfield Bertrum Kinner, 74, pioneer aircraft manufacturer and designer, died late Thursday in a Long Beach hospital".[3] He was buried in the Portal of Folded Wings Shrine to Aviation with other aviation pioneers in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery.
Amelia Earhart edit
In December 1920, Kinner Field's most famous student, Amelia Earhart, arrived. After taking her first flying lesson with Neta Snook, Earhart bought the prototype Kinner Airster for $2,000 to continue her training. The bright yellow biplane, that she immediately christened "The Canary", was underpowered but provided Earhart with valuable flight time. When she wasn't able to raise more than the deposit, Kinner made a deal with her so that the Airster could be on hand as a demonstration aircraft in exchange for upkeep and hangar fees.
Earhart soloed in the Airster, and after Neta left Kinner field to get married, Earhart stayed on, and continued flying. In October 1922, the Kinner Airster was used to set a world high altitude record of 14,000 ft (4,267 m) for women pilots, the first of the many records set by Earhart.[26]
Due to a change in the family fortunes, Earhart was forced to sell "The Canary", but later put together enough money to purchase a second Airster.
See also edit
References edit
Notes edit
- ^ . National Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
Donna Hunter Kinner, gift, 1994, 1995-0004, NASM
- ^ Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, pp. 121, 125-6, Cypress, CA, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.
- ^ a b Los Angeles Times, July 4, 1957. Retrieved: October 23, 2012. L.A. Times Archives ProQuest Archiver
- ^ a b c "Page 9". Press Telegram. Long Beach, California. 6 July 1957. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
via NewspaperArchive.com Kinner was born in Benton County, Iowa. He belonged to the second presbyterian Church Here and was a member of the quiet Birdman a group of Early fliers. Among other patents, Kinner held one for folding wings which was used on Many Carrier based Navy aircraft during world War II
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "From Point A to Point B with the Kinner Airplane and Motor Corporation, 1920s". The Homestead Blog. Homestead Museum. 12 February 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ Koontz, Giacinta Bradley (September 19, 2007). "Bert Kinner 1 : Mechanical Wizard". Aviation Pros. Endeavor Business Media. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ Koontz, Giacinta Bradley (October 25, 2007). "Bert Kinner 2 : The Ups and Downs". Aviation Pros. Endeavor Business Media. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ Hudson, Lew. "Bert Kinner: Another famous Magnolia man." Worthington Daily Globe, October 28, 1966.
- ^ "Viewing page 3 of 10". Smithsonian Digital Volunteers. transcription.si.edu. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ "Flight instructor Neta Snook with her student Amelia Earhart at Kinner Field, Los Angeles, in 1921". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 24 May 2022 – via HistoryNet.
uncropped, different histogram
- ^ a b c Cooper, Ralph. "W. Bertrum Kinner." Early Aviators, August 4, 2005. Retrieved: April 25, 2009.
- ^ Marshall 2007, p. 21.
- ^ "A Journey Back in Time Grand Central Air Terminal". Airport Journals. 1 July 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ "California Airports". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ Theobald, Mark (2004). "Crown Coach, Crown Body & Coach Corp., Crown Carriage Co., Crown Motor Carriage Co., Crown Coach International, Crown Coach Inc., Crown Coach by Carpenter, Crown-Ikarus, Crown Aircraft". CoachBuilt. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ Hass, Ed. . Archived from the original on 11 October 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, pp. 125, 126, Cypress, CA, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.
- ^ "biographies K: BERT KINNER". aerofiles. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ Smith, Wesley R. (January 27, 2015). "December 2014 Mystery Airplane: Emsco B-3-A". EAA Vintage Aircraft Association. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
In 1932 Emsco leased its facilities to the Champion Aircraft Corporation, who built airplane that landed at airspeeds as low as 10 mph. Seven months later, Cahmpion was replaced by the Security National Aircraft Corp. headed by Bert Kinner. Security National built a folding-wing version of the Kinner Airster, but only two were made before the factory closed again.
- ^ Freeman, Paul. "EMSCO Field / Baker Field / Vultee Field / Downey Field - California, Central Los Angeles area". Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ "PROJECT - 002 - README.txt". Downey (California) Historical Society. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ "Donna M Kinner, Born 08/14/1922 in Los Angeles County, California". CaliforniaBirthIndex.org. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ "Robert H Kinner, Born 10/21/1924 in Los Angeles County, California". CaliforniaBirthIndex.org. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ "Lee V. Brusse". Davis-Monthan Airfield Register. Delta Mike Airfield, Inc. February 15, 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ Koontz, Giacinta Bradley (October 2012). "INSIGHT TO THE PAST: From Airster to Aircraft Carrier" (PDF). CAMP InSight. CAMP Systems International. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ Long 1999, p. 36.
Bibliography edit
- Long, Elgen M. and Marie K. Amelia Earhart: The Mystery Solved. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999. ISBN 0-684-86005-8.
- Lovell, Mary S. The Sound of Wings. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. ISBN 0-312-03431-8.
- Marshall, Patti. "Neta Snook." Aviation History Vol. 17, No. 3. January 2007, p. 21-22.
External links edit
- Kinner : Early Aviators
- Kinner Engine
- Bert Kinner at Find a Grave