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Bernard Ashmole

Bernard Ashmole, CBE, MC (22 June 1894 – 25 February 1988) was a British archaeologist and art historian, who specialized in ancient Greek sculpture. He held a number of professorships during his lifetime; Yates Professor of Classical Art and Archaeology at the University of London from 1929 to 1948, Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art at University of Oxford from 1956 to 1961, and Greek Art and Archaeology at the University of Aberdeen from 1961 to 1963. He was also Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum from 1939 to 1956.

Bernard Ashmole
Ashmole in 1955.
Born(1894-06-22)22 June 1894
Ilford, Essex, England
Died25 February 1988(1988-02-25) (aged 93)
Peebles, Scotland
Occupation(s)Archaeologist and art historian

Early life edit

Ashmole was born on 22 June 1894 in Ilford, Essex, to William Ashmole and Caroline Wharton Tiver.[1] He was a descendant of the antiquarian Elias Ashmole.[2] He was privately educated[1] before attending the private Forest School from 1903 to 1911.[3] He matriculated into Hertford College, Oxford, in 1913, having been awarded the Essex Scholarship in Classics.[2]

Career edit

World War I service edit

With the outbreak of World War I, he left university to join the British Army. He was commissioned into the 11th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers.[2] He was badly wounded at the Battle of the Somme.[1] While recuperating in a service battalion, he was made a temporary captain on 5 November 1916.[4] He returned to the trenches once more, when he was re-attached to the Royal Fusiliers on 9 March 1918. He retained the rank of temporary captain dated to 31 October 1917 with seniority from 5 November 1916.[5]

Inter-war period edit

At Oxford he studied with Percy Gardner and John Beazley, with whom he collaborated on the Greek art chapter for the Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed. (1928; separately issued, 1930) and whom he eventually succeeded to the Lincoln Chair of Classical Art at Oxford, on Beazley's retirement in 1956.

In 1925–28 he served as director of the British School at Rome, where he assisted in cataloguing the sculptures of the Palazzo dei Conservatori and developed a feel for modern sculpture and architecture, from the young students at the School. On his return to the UK in 1929, he commissioned the New Zealand-born architect Amyas Connell to design 'High and Over', a modernist concrete-framed house in Amersham-on-the-Hill, Buckinghamshire. The house is now Grade II* listed for its architectural importance. The house features in John Betjeman's Metro-land where it is described as 'scandalizing all of Buckinghamshire' and being part of the nascent trend that was to become known as modernism.

His Late Archaic and Early Classical Greek Sculpture in Sicily and South Italy (1934) was developed from his Hertz lectures at the British Academy. In 1939, Ashmole was appointed Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum, following a public incident over abrasive cleaning of the Elgin Marbles; there he nurtured the budding careers of two generations of Classical scholars.

World War II service edit

In World War II, he served in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and was given the service number 84365.[6] He was commissioned as a pilot officer (on probation) on 21 July 1940.[7] On 21 July 1941, his commission was confirmed and he was promoted to the war substantive rank of flying officer.[8] He was made a temporary flight lieutenant on 1 September 1942.[9] By January 1944, he was an acting squadron leader.[10] In the next month, he was promoted to flight lieutenant (war substantive) dated 31 August 1943 and to squadron leader (war substantive) dated 5 January 1944.[11] On 10 February 1954, he relinquished his commission, retaining the rank of wing commander.[12]

Post World War II edit

He resigned his University of London chair in 1948 to concentrate on the post-war reinstallation of the British Museum. He retired from Oxford in 1961 to accept a chair in Greek Art and Archaeology at the University of Aberdeen, 1961–63; to be visiting professor at Yale University, 1964, and to give the Taft Lectures, Cincinnati), published as The Classical Ideal in Greek Sculpture (University of Cincinnati, 1964); to give the Wrightsman Lectures in New York (1967, published as Architect and Sculptor in Classical Greece, 1972). He advised the oil billionaire J. Paul Getty on his acquisitions of classical art.

Personal life edit

In 1920, Ashmole married Dorothy Irene de Peyer. Together they had two daughters and a son.[3]

Honours and decorations edit

Ashmole was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 17 April 1917.[13] His citation read:

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He displayed great courage and skill in forming his company up for the attack under very heavy fire. Later, although wounded, he continued in command until he was wounded a second time and collapsed.[13]

On 29 December 1942, it was announced that he had been awarded the Greek Distinguished Flying Cross "in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the war".[6] On 14 January 1944, it was announced that he had been Mentioned in Despatches.[10]

He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1957 New Year Honours.[14]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c ASHMOLE, Professor Bernard. Who Was Who. A & C Black. December 2007.
  2. ^ a b c Sorensen, Lee. . Dictionary of Art Historians. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  3. ^ a b Boardman, John (2004). "Ashmole, Bernard (1894–1988)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39795. Retrieved 30 August 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ "No. 30232". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 August 1917. p. 8315.
  5. ^ "No. 30566". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 March 1918. p. 3070.
  6. ^ a b "No. 35837". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 December 1942. pp. 5639–5640.
  7. ^ "No. 34954". The London Gazette. 27 September 1940. p. 5719.
  8. ^ "No. 35247". The London Gazette. 15 August 1941. p. 4736.
  9. ^ "No. 35765". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 October 1942. p. 4706.
  10. ^ a b "No. 36329". The London Gazette. 11 January 1944. pp. 286–289.
  11. ^ "No. 36373". The London Gazette. 8 February 1944. p. 735.
  12. ^ "No. 40175". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 May 1954. pp. 2911–2912.
  13. ^ a b "No. 30023". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 April 1917. p. 3678.
  14. ^ "No. 40960". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1956. p. 11.
  • Ashmole, Bernard, 1994. Bernard Ashmole, 1894–1988: An Autobiography (Malibu: Getty Museum)

External links edit

    bernard, ashmole, june, 1894, february, 1988, british, archaeologist, historian, specialized, ancient, greek, sculpture, held, number, professorships, during, lifetime, yates, professor, classical, archaeology, university, london, from, 1929, 1948, lincoln, pr. Bernard Ashmole CBE MC 22 June 1894 25 February 1988 was a British archaeologist and art historian who specialized in ancient Greek sculpture He held a number of professorships during his lifetime Yates Professor of Classical Art and Archaeology at the University of London from 1929 to 1948 Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art at University of Oxford from 1956 to 1961 and Greek Art and Archaeology at the University of Aberdeen from 1961 to 1963 He was also Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum from 1939 to 1956 Bernard AshmoleAshmole in 1955 Born 1894 06 22 22 June 1894Ilford Essex EnglandDied25 February 1988 1988 02 25 aged 93 Peebles ScotlandOccupation s Archaeologist and art historian Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 World War I service 2 2 Inter war period 2 3 World War II service 2 4 Post World War II 3 Personal life 4 Honours and decorations 5 References 6 External linksEarly life editAshmole was born on 22 June 1894 in Ilford Essex to William Ashmole and Caroline Wharton Tiver 1 He was a descendant of the antiquarian Elias Ashmole 2 He was privately educated 1 before attending the private Forest School from 1903 to 1911 3 He matriculated into Hertford College Oxford in 1913 having been awarded the Essex Scholarship in Classics 2 Career editWorld War I service edit With the outbreak of World War I he left university to join the British Army He was commissioned into the 11th Battalion Royal Fusiliers 2 He was badly wounded at the Battle of the Somme 1 While recuperating in a service battalion he was made a temporary captain on 5 November 1916 4 He returned to the trenches once more when he was re attached to the Royal Fusiliers on 9 March 1918 He retained the rank of temporary captain dated to 31 October 1917 with seniority from 5 November 1916 5 Inter war period edit At Oxford he studied with Percy Gardner and John Beazley with whom he collaborated on the Greek art chapter for the Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed 1928 separately issued 1930 and whom he eventually succeeded to the Lincoln Chair of Classical Art at Oxford on Beazley s retirement in 1956 In 1925 28 he served as director of the British School at Rome where he assisted in cataloguing the sculptures of the Palazzo dei Conservatori and developed a feel for modern sculpture and architecture from the young students at the School On his return to the UK in 1929 he commissioned the New Zealand born architect Amyas Connell to design High and Over a modernist concrete framed house in Amersham on the Hill Buckinghamshire The house is now Grade II listed for its architectural importance The house features in John Betjeman s Metro land where it is described as scandalizing all of Buckinghamshire and being part of the nascent trend that was to become known as modernism His Late Archaic and Early Classical Greek Sculpture in Sicily and South Italy 1934 was developed from his Hertz lectures at the British Academy In 1939 Ashmole was appointed Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum following a public incident over abrasive cleaning of the Elgin Marbles there he nurtured the budding careers of two generations of Classical scholars World War II service edit In World War II he served in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and was given the service number 84365 6 He was commissioned as a pilot officer on probation on 21 July 1940 7 On 21 July 1941 his commission was confirmed and he was promoted to the war substantive rank of flying officer 8 He was made a temporary flight lieutenant on 1 September 1942 9 By January 1944 he was an acting squadron leader 10 In the next month he was promoted to flight lieutenant war substantive dated 31 August 1943 and to squadron leader war substantive dated 5 January 1944 11 On 10 February 1954 he relinquished his commission retaining the rank of wing commander 12 Post World War II edit He resigned his University of London chair in 1948 to concentrate on the post war reinstallation of the British Museum He retired from Oxford in 1961 to accept a chair in Greek Art and Archaeology at the University of Aberdeen 1961 63 to be visiting professor at Yale University 1964 and to give the Taft Lectures Cincinnati published as The Classical Ideal in Greek Sculpture University of Cincinnati 1964 to give the Wrightsman Lectures in New York 1967 published as Architect and Sculptor in Classical Greece 1972 He advised the oil billionaire J Paul Getty on his acquisitions of classical art Personal life editIn 1920 Ashmole married Dorothy Irene de Peyer Together they had two daughters and a son 3 Honours and decorations editAshmole was awarded the Military Cross MC on 17 April 1917 13 His citation read For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty He displayed great courage and skill in forming his company up for the attack under very heavy fire Later although wounded he continued in command until he was wounded a second time and collapsed 13 On 29 December 1942 it was announced that he had been awarded the Greek Distinguished Flying Cross in recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the war 6 On 14 January 1944 it was announced that he had been Mentioned in Despatches 10 He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire CBE in the 1957 New Year Honours 14 References edit a b c ASHMOLE Professor Bernard Who Was Who A amp C Black December 2007 a b c Sorensen Lee Ashmole Bernard Dictionary of Art Historians Archived from the original on 22 July 2012 Retrieved 30 August 2012 a b Boardman John 2004 Ashmole Bernard 1894 1988 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 39795 Retrieved 30 August 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required No 30232 The London Gazette Supplement 14 August 1917 p 8315 No 30566 The London Gazette Supplement 8 March 1918 p 3070 a b No 35837 The London Gazette Supplement 25 December 1942 pp 5639 5640 No 34954 The London Gazette 27 September 1940 p 5719 No 35247 The London Gazette 15 August 1941 p 4736 No 35765 The London Gazette Supplement 27 October 1942 p 4706 a b No 36329 The London Gazette 11 January 1944 pp 286 289 No 36373 The London Gazette 8 February 1944 p 735 No 40175 The London Gazette Supplement 14 May 1954 pp 2911 2912 a b No 30023 The London Gazette Supplement 17 April 1917 p 3678 No 40960 The London Gazette Supplement 28 December 1956 p 11 Ashmole Bernard 1994 Bernard Ashmole 1894 1988 An Autobiography Malibu Getty Museum External links editDictionary of Art Historians Bernard Ashmole Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bernard Ashmole amp oldid 1192306609, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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