Artistic production in Greece began in the prehistoric pre-Greek Cycladic and the Minoan civilizations, both of which were influenced by local traditions and the art of ancient Egypt.
There are three scholarly divisions of the stages of later ancient Greek art that correspond roughly with historical periods of the same names. These are the Archaic, the Classical and the Hellenistic. The Archaic period is usually dated from 1000 BC. The Persian Wars of 480 BC to 448 BC are usually taken as the dividing line between the Archaic and the Classical periods, and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC is regarded as the event separating the Classical from the Hellenistic period. Of course, different forms of art developed at different speeds in different parts of the Greek world, and varied to a degree from artist to artist.[1] There was a sharp transition from one period to another.
The art of ancient Greece has exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries from ancient times until the present, particularly in the areas of sculpture and architecture. In the West, the art of the Roman Empire was largely derived from Greek models. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, with ramifications as far as Japan. Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Pottery was either blue with black designs or black with blue designs.
Byzantine art is the term created for the Eastern Roman Empire from about the 5th century until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. (The Roman Empire during this period is conventionally known as the Byzantine Empire.) The term can also be used for the art of states which were contemporary with the Byzantine Empire and shared a common culture with it, without actually being part of it, such as Bulgaria, or Russia, and also Venice, which had close ties to the Byzantine Empire despite being in other respects part of western European culture. It can also be used for the art of people of the former Byzantine Empire under the rule of Ottoman Empire after 1453. In some respects, the Byzantine artistic tradition has continued in Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries to the present day.[2]
Byzantine art grew from the art of ancient Greece and, at least before 1453, never lost sight of its classical heritage, but was distinguished from it in a number of ways. The most profound of these was that the humanist ethic of ancient Greek art was replaced by the Christian ethic. If the purpose of classical art was the glorification of man, the purpose of Byzantine art was the glorification of God.
In place of the nude, the figures of God the Father, Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary and the saints and martyrs of Christian tradition were elevated and became the dominant - indeed almost exclusive - focus of Byzantine art. One of the most important forms of Byzantine art was, and still is, the Cretan school as the leading school of Greek post-Byzantine painting after Crete fell to the Ottomans in 1669. Like the Cretan school, it combined Byzantine traditions with an increasing Western European artistic influence, and also saw the first signiand the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.[3]
Cretan School describes the school of icon painting, also known as Post-Byzantine art, which flourished while Crete was under Venetian rule during the late Middle Ages, reaching its climax after the Fall of Constantinople, becoming the central force in Greek painting during the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. The Cretan artists developed a particular style of painting under the influence of both Eastern and Western artistic traditions and movements; the most famous product of the school, El Greco, was the most successful of the many artists who tried to build a career in Western Europe, and also the one who left the Byzantine style farthest behind him in his later career.
The Heptanese School of painting (Greek: Επτανησιακή Σχολή, lit. 'The School of the seven islands', also known as the Ionian Islands' School) succeeded the Cretan School as the leading school of Greek post-Byzantine painting after Crete fell to the Ottomans in 1669. Like the Cretan school it combined Byzantine traditions with an increasing Western European artistic influence, and also saw the first significant depiction of secular subjects. The school was based in the Ionian Islands, which were not part of Ottoman Greece, from the middle of the 17th century until the middle of the 19th century.[4]
Modern Greek art, after the establishment of the Greek Kingdom, began to be developed around the time of Romanticism. Greek artists absorbed many elements from their European colleagues, resulting in the culmination of the distinctive style of Greek Romantic art, inspired by revolutionary ideals as well as the country's geography and history. After centuries of Ottoman rule, few opportunities for an education in the arts existed in the newly independent Greece, so studying abroad was imperative for artists. Munich, as an important international center for the arts at that time, was the place where the majority of the Greek artists of the 19th century chose to study. Later on, they would return to Greece and pass on their knowledge. Both academic and personal bonds developed between early Greek painters and Munich artistry giving birth to the Greek "Munich School" (Greek academic art of the 19th century). Nikolaos Gysis was an important teacher and artist at the Munich Academy and he soon became a leading figure among Greek artists. Many of these Munich School artists chose subjects such as everyday Greek life, local customs, and living conditions. Several important painters emerged at this time. Theodoros Vryzakis specialized in historical painting and especially inspired by the 1821 Greek War of Independence. Nikiphoros Lytras concentrated on realistic depictions of Greek life. Georgios Jakobides devoted his attention to infants and children and he would laterbecome the first Director of the new National Gallery of Athens. Georgios Roilos was another leading painter of the period closely associated with the Munich School, especially in his early career. Konstantinos Volanakis was inspired mostly by the Greek sea.[5]
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External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Art of Greece.
Ancient Greece website
Art History Resources on the Web: Greek Art
A History of Greek Art by Frank Bigelow Tarbell
A History Of Greek Art by F. B. Tarbell
Byzantine Art Charles Diehl
National Gallery of Athens
August 25, 2023
greek, began, cycladic, minoan, civilization, gave, birth, western, classical, subsequent, geometric, archaic, classical, periods, with, further, developments, during, hellenistic, period, absorbed, influences, eastern, civilizations, roman, patrons, religion,. Greek art began in the Cycladic and Minoan civilization and gave birth to Western classical art in the subsequent Geometric Archaic and Classical periods with further developments during the Hellenistic Period It absorbed influences of Eastern civilizations of Roman art and its patrons and the new religion of Orthodox Christianity in the Byzantine era and absorbed Italian and European ideas during the period of Romanticism with the invigoration of the Greek Revolution until the Modernist and Postmodernist Greek art is mainly five forms architecture sculpture painting pottery and jewelry making Contents 1 Ancient period 2 Byzantine period 3 Post Byzantine and modern period 4 Major museums and galleries in Greece 4 1 Attica 4 2 Thessaloniki 4 3 Crete 4 4 Corfu 4 5 Rest of Greece 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksAncient period EditFurther information Cycladic art Minoan civilization Mycenean Greece Archaic Greek art Ancient Greek art Ancient Greek sculpture Ancient Greek pottery and Hellenistic art The Stag Hunt Mosaic at the Archaeological Museum of Pella 3rd BC Artistic production in Greece began in the prehistoric pre Greek Cycladic and the Minoan civilizations both of which were influenced by local traditions and the art of ancient Egypt There are three scholarly divisions of the stages of later ancient Greek art that correspond roughly with historical periods of the same names These are the Archaic the Classical and the Hellenistic The Archaic period is usually dated from 1000 BC The Persian Wars of 480 BC to 448 BC are usually taken as the dividing line between the Archaic and the Classical periods and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC is regarded as the event separating the Classical from the Hellenistic period Of course different forms of art developed at different speeds in different parts of the Greek world and varied to a degree from artist to artist 1 There was a sharp transition from one period to another The art of ancient Greece has exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries from ancient times until the present particularly in the areas of sculpture and architecture In the West the art of the Roman Empire was largely derived from Greek models In the East Alexander the Great s conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek Central Asian and Indian cultures resulting in Greco Buddhist art with ramifications as far as Japan Following the Renaissance in Europe the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists Pottery was either blue with black designs or black with blue designs Byzantine period EditMain articles Byzantine art and Macedonian art Byzantine Mosaic of Daphni Monastery ca 1100 Byzantine art is the term created for the Eastern Roman Empire from about the 5th century until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 The Roman Empire during this period is conventionally known as the Byzantine Empire The term can also be used for the art of states which were contemporary with the Byzantine Empire and shared a common culture with it without actually being part of it such as Bulgaria or Russia and also Venice which had close ties to the Byzantine Empire despite being in other respects part of western European culture It can also be used for the art of people of the former Byzantine Empire under the rule of Ottoman Empire after 1453 In some respects the Byzantine artistic tradition has continued in Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries to the present day 2 Byzantine art grew from the art of ancient Greece and at least before 1453 never lost sight of its classical heritage but was distinguished from it in a number of ways The most profound of these was that the humanist ethic of ancient Greek art was replaced by the Christian ethic If the purpose of classical art was the glorification of man the purpose of Byzantine art was the glorification of God In place of the nude the figures of God the Father Jesus Christ the Virgin Mary and the saints and martyrs of Christian tradition were elevated and became the dominant indeed almost exclusive focus of Byzantine art One of the most important forms of Byzantine art was and still is the Cretan school as the leading school of Greek post Byzantine painting after Crete fell to the Ottomans in 1669 Like the Cretan school it combined Byzantine traditions with an increasing Western European artistic influence and also saw the first signiand the National Gallery of Art in Washington D C 3 Post Byzantine and modern period EditMain articles Cretan School Heptanese School painting and Modern Greek art St Theodora icon by Emmanuel Tzanes an example of the Cretan School Historia Allegory of History by Nikolaos Gyzis 1892 Athena column by Leonidas Drosis in front of the Academy of Athens modern Cretan School describes the school of icon painting also known as Post Byzantine art which flourished while Crete was under Venetian rule during the late Middle Ages reaching its climax after the Fall of Constantinople becoming the central force in Greek painting during the 15th 16th and 17th centuries The Cretan artists developed a particular style of painting under the influence of both Eastern and Western artistic traditions and movements the most famous product of the school El Greco was the most successful of the many artists who tried to build a career in Western Europe and also the one who left the Byzantine style farthest behind him in his later career The Heptanese School of painting Greek Eptanhsiakh Sxolh lit The School of the seven islands also known as the Ionian Islands School succeeded the Cretan School as the leading school of Greek post Byzantine painting after Crete fell to the Ottomans in 1669 Like the Cretan school it combined Byzantine traditions with an increasing Western European artistic influence and also saw the first significant depiction of secular subjects The school was based in the Ionian Islands which were not part of Ottoman Greece from the middle of the 17th century until the middle of the 19th century 4 Modern Greek art after the establishment of the Greek Kingdom began to be developed around the time of Romanticism Greek artists absorbed many elements from their European colleagues resulting in the culmination of the distinctive style of Greek Romantic art inspired by revolutionary ideals as well as the country s geography and history After centuries of Ottoman rule few opportunities for an education in the arts existed in the newly independent Greece so studying abroad was imperative for artists Munich as an important international center for the arts at that time was the place where the majority of the Greek artists of the 19th century chose to study Later on they would return to Greece and pass on their knowledge Both academic and personal bonds developed between early Greek painters and Munich artistry giving birth to the Greek Munich School Greek academic art of the 19th century Nikolaos Gysis was an important teacher and artist at the Munich Academy and he soon became a leading figure among Greek artists Many of these Munich School artists chose subjects such as everyday Greek life local customs and living conditions Several important painters emerged at this time Theodoros Vryzakis specialized in historical painting and especially inspired by the 1821 Greek War of Independence Nikiphoros Lytras concentrated on realistic depictions of Greek life Georgios Jakobides devoted his attention to infants and children and he would laterbecome the first Director of the new National Gallery of Athens Georgios Roilos was another leading painter of the period closely associated with the Munich School especially in his early career Konstantinos Volanakis was inspired mostly by the Greek sea 5 Other notable painters of the era are Theodore Ralli Ioannis Altamouras and the folk painter Theofilos Hatzimichail Notable sculptors of the era are Leonidas Drosis his major work was the extensive neo classical architectural ornament at the Academy of Athens Lazaros Sochos Georgios Vitalis Dimitrios Filippotis Ioannis Kossos Yannoulis Chalepas Georgios Bonanos and Lazaros Fytalis Major museums and galleries in Greece EditSee also List of museums in Greece Attica Edit Acropolis Museum National Archaeological Museum Athens National Gallery Athens Byzantine and Christian Museum National Museum of Contemporary Art Athens Benaki Museum Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art Stoa of Attalos Numismatic Museum of Athens Archaeological Museum of PiraeusThessaloniki Edit Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki Museum of Byzantine CultureCrete Edit Heraklion Archaeological Museum Archaeological Museum of Chania Agia Triada MonasteryCorfu Edit Archaeological Museum of Corfu Byzantine Museum of AntivouniotissaRest of Greece Edit Archaeological Museum of Patras Archaeological Museum of Volos Archaeological Museum of Dion Archaeological Museum of Amphipolis Archaeological Museum of Pella Archaeological Museum of Veroia Archaeological Museum of Thasos Archaeological Museum of Delos Archaeological Museum of Rhodes Archaeological Museum of Epidaurus Archaeological Museum of Olympia Delphi Archaeological Museum Nea Moni of Chios Florina Museum of Modern ArtSee also EditHistory of Greece Culture of Greece Modern Greek art Byzantine and Christian MuseumReferences Edit Henri Stierlin Greece From Mycenae to the Parthenon Taschen 2004 C Mango ed The art of the Byzantine Empire 312 1453 sources and documents Inglewood Cliffs 1972 Theodoros Stamos Toomey tourell com 2021 03 08 Retrieved 2021 03 19 archive gr Diadromes sthn Neoellhnikh Texnh Archived from the original on September 27 2007 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2011 06 06 Retrieved 2007 02 06 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Art of Greece Ancient Greece website Art History Resources on the Web Greek Art A History of Greek Art by Frank Bigelow Tarbell A History Of Greek Art by F B Tarbell Byzantine Art Charles Diehl National Gallery of Athens Modern Greek Painters Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Greek art amp oldid 1151689420, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
