Benthosuchus (meaning "deep water crocodile") is an extinctgenus of temnospondylamphibian from the Early Triassic of Russia. It was primarily aquatic, living in rivers and lakes. Multiple species are known, with the largest reaching about 2.5 meters in length.
Life restoration of Benthosuchus sushkiniUnderside of the skull of the species Benthosuchus korobkovi showing double rows of small teeth and large fangs on the front palate
Russian paleontologist Ivan Yefremov [Efremov] called the genus Benthosaurus "deep water lizard" (from Ancient Greek βένθος (benthos) "depth, deep water") in his original 1929 description, "in view of its clearly indicated adaptation to life in deep water" shown by "the position of the orbits and the flatness of the skull." The type species B. sushkini honored his late teacher Petr Sushkin. The generic name was preoccupied by Benthosaurus Goode & Bean, 1886, a fish, and he renamed the genus Benthosuchus ("deep water crocodile") in 1937.[2][3]
Benthosuchus has traditionally been considered a member of the temnospondyl superfamily Trematosauroidea, and the family Benthosuchidae was established in 1940 to include Benthosuchus and the related trematosauroid Thoosuchus. Some recent phylogenetic studies have removed Benthosuchus from Trematosauroidea entirely, placing it as a closer relative of Mastodonsauroidea, another group of Triassic temnospondyls. Other studies retain Benthosuchus within Trematosauroidea, but since Benthosuchus and Thoosuchus have successively basal positions on these trees they form a paraphyletic grouping, not a valid clade.[4] Benthosuchidae was widely considered to be a monotypic family containing only Benthosuchus, until the discovery of the related Kwatisuchus in 2024.[5]
Descriptionedit
Benthosuchusskull is about 0.75 m long (it is comparatively short in young individuals but lengthens with age), and the overall body length is about 2.5 m. It existed in widely overflowing rivers of the East Russian Depression.[6]
Phylogenyedit
Benthosuchus is traditionally considered a close relative of a group of temnospondyls called capitosaurids. In particular, it bears a close resemblance to the capitosaurid Wetlugasaurus. Many of the early large-scale phylogenetic analyses of temnospondyls place Benthosuchus within a clade called Capitosauria. However, more recent analyses such as that of Fortuny et al. (2011) recover Benthosuchus within another clade called Trematosauria. Occasionally it is grouped near the trematosaurid family Trematosauridae as a basal member of the group Trematosauroidea.[7] Fortuny et al. found that Benthosuchus positioned outside Trematosauroidea as a more basal trematosaurian. Below is a cladogram from Fortuny et al. (2011) showing the phylogenetic placement of Benthosuchus:[8]
^Igor Novikov (July 2012). "New data on trematosauroid labyrinthodonts of Eastern Europe: 4. Genus Benthosuchus Efremov, 1937". Paleontological Journal. 46 (4). doi:10.1134/S0031030112040089.
^Efremov, I. A. (1929). Benthosaurus sushkini, ein neuer Labyrinthodont der permotriassischen Ablagerungen der Sharschenga Flusses. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR8:747-770. [English translation: https://paleoglot.org/files/Efremov%201929b.pdf]
^Efremov, I.A. (1937). On the Stratification of Continental Permian and Triassic the Soviet Union Based on the Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Nov. Ser. 16(2): 125–132.
^Damiani, R.J.; Yates, A.M. (2003). "The Triassic amphibian Thoosuchus yakovlevi and the relationships of the Trematosauroidea (Temnospondyli: Stereospondyli)" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 55 (3): 331–342. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1388.
^Pinheiro, Felipe L.; Eltink, Estevan; Paes‐Neto, Voltaire D.; Machado, Arielli F.; Simões, Tiago R.; Pierce, Stephanie E. (2024-01-19). "Interrelationships among Early Triassic faunas of Western Gondwana and Laurasia as illuminated by a new South American benthosuchid temnospondyl". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25384. ISSN 1932-8486.
^"Benthosuchus". Retrieved Oct 16, 2020 – via The Free Dictionary.
^Shishkin, M.A.; Sulej, T. (2009). (PDF). Palaeontologica Polonica. 65: 31–77. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-01. Retrieved 2012-08-02.
^Fortuny, J.; Galobart, À.; Santisteban, C. D. (2011). "A New Capitosaur from the Middle Triassic of Spain and the Relationships within the Capitosauria". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 56 (3): 553. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0025.
^Novikov A.V. (2018). Early Triassic amphibians of Eastern Europe: evolution of dominant groups and peculiarities of changing communities(PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: RAS. p. 138. ISBN978-5-906906-71-7. (PDF). December 8, 2023.
April 11, 2024
benthosuchus, meaning, deep, water, crocodile, extinct, genus, temnospondyl, amphibian, from, early, triassic, russia, primarily, aquatic, living, rivers, lakes, multiple, species, known, with, largest, reaching, about, meters, length, temporal, range, early, . Benthosuchus meaning deep water crocodile is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Early Triassic of Russia It was primarily aquatic living in rivers and lakes Multiple species are known with the largest reaching about 2 5 meters in length BenthosuchusTemporal range Early Triassic 251 247 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skull of Benthosuchus sushkiniScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataOrder TemnospondyliSuborder StereospondyliFamily BenthosuchidaeEfremov 1940Genus BenthosuchusEfremov 1937 1 Species B sushkini Efremov 1929 originally Benthosaurus sushkini type B korobkovi Ivachnenko 1972 B bashkiricus Otschev 1972 B gusevae Novikov 2012 B lukyanovi Morkovin 2020Life restoration of Benthosuchus sushkiniUnderside of the skull of the species Benthosuchus korobkovi showing double rows of small teeth and large fangs on the front palateRussian paleontologist Ivan Yefremov Efremov called the genus Benthosaurus deep water lizard from Ancient Greek ben8os benthos depth deep water in his original 1929 description in view of its clearly indicated adaptation to life in deep water shown by the position of the orbits and the flatness of the skull The type species B sushkini honored his late teacher Petr Sushkin The generic name was preoccupied by Benthosaurus Goode amp Bean 1886 a fish and he renamed the genus Benthosuchus deep water crocodile in 1937 2 3 Benthosuchus has traditionally been considered a member of the temnospondyl superfamily Trematosauroidea and the family Benthosuchidae was established in 1940 to include Benthosuchus and the related trematosauroid Thoosuchus Some recent phylogenetic studies have removed Benthosuchus from Trematosauroidea entirely placing it as a closer relative of Mastodonsauroidea another group of Triassic temnospondyls Other studies retain Benthosuchus within Trematosauroidea but since Benthosuchus and Thoosuchus have successively basal positions on these trees they form a paraphyletic grouping not a valid clade 4 Benthosuchidae was widely considered to be a monotypic family containing only Benthosuchus until the discovery of the related Kwatisuchus in 2024 5 Description editBenthosuchus skull is about 0 75 m long it is comparatively short in young individuals but lengthens with age and the overall body length is about 2 5 m It existed in widely overflowing rivers of the East Russian Depression 6 Phylogeny editBenthosuchus is traditionally considered a close relative of a group of temnospondyls called capitosaurids In particular it bears a close resemblance to the capitosaurid Wetlugasaurus Many of the early large scale phylogenetic analyses of temnospondyls place Benthosuchus within a clade called Capitosauria However more recent analyses such as that of Fortuny et al 2011 recover Benthosuchus within another clade called Trematosauria Occasionally it is grouped near the trematosaurid family Trematosauridae as a basal member of the group Trematosauroidea 7 Fortuny et al found that Benthosuchus positioned outside Trematosauroidea as a more basal trematosaurian Below is a cladogram from Fortuny et al 2011 showing the phylogenetic placement of Benthosuchus 8 Stereospondyli Lydekkerina huxleyiRhinesuchidae Rhineceps nyasaensisUranocentrodon senekalensisCapitosauria Wetlugasaurus angustifronsOdenwaldia heidelbergensisVladlenosaurus alexeyeviEdingerella madagascariensisWatsonisuchus spp Xenotosuchus africanusCherninia denwaiParacyclotosaurus crookshankiStanocephalosaurus pronusStanocephalosaurus birdiProcyclotosaurus stantonensisEocyclotosaurus spp Quasicyclotosaurus campiParotosuchus orenburgensisCalmasuchus acriCyclotosaurus robustusTatrasuchus wildiEryosuchus garjainoviMastodonsaurus giganteusTrematosauria Benthosuchus sushkiniTrematosauroidea Thoosuchus yakovleviAngusaurus spp Trematosaurus brauni Cladogram after Novikov 2018 with only Early Triassic Eastern Europe taxa included 9 Temnospondyli LuzocephalusCapitosauridae SamarabatrachusPoryolosuchusParotosuchusSelenocaraWetlugasaurusVladlenosaurusQantasTrematosauridae ProthoosuchusThoosuchusTrematotegmenAngusaurusInflectosaurusTrematosaurusSyrtosuchusBenthosuchusYarengiidae VyborosaurusYarengia Benthosuchidae Qantasidae LydekkerinidaeReferences edit Igor Novikov July 2012 New data on trematosauroid labyrinthodonts of Eastern Europe 4 Genus Benthosuchus Efremov 1937 Paleontological Journal 46 4 doi 10 1134 S0031030112040089 Efremov I A 1929 Benthosaurus sushkini ein neuer Labyrinthodont der permotriassischen Ablagerungen der Sharschenga Flusses Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR 8 747 770 English translation https paleoglot org files Efremov 201929b pdf Efremov I A 1937 On the Stratification of Continental Permian and Triassic the Soviet Union Based on the Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR Nov Ser 16 2 125 132 Damiani R J Yates A M 2003 The Triassic amphibian Thoosuchus yakovlevi and the relationships of the Trematosauroidea Temnospondyli Stereospondyli PDF Records of the Australian Museum 55 3 331 342 doi 10 3853 j 0067 1975 55 2003 1388 Pinheiro Felipe L Eltink Estevan Paes Neto Voltaire D Machado Arielli F Simoes Tiago R Pierce Stephanie E 2024 01 19 Interrelationships among Early Triassic faunas of Western Gondwana and Laurasia as illuminated by a new South American benthosuchid temnospondyl The Anatomical Record doi 10 1002 ar 25384 ISSN 1932 8486 Benthosuchus Retrieved Oct 16 2020 via The Free Dictionary Shishkin M A Sulej T 2009 Early Triassic temnospondyls of the Czatkowice 1 tetrapod assemblage PDF Palaeontologica Polonica 65 31 77 Archived from the original PDF on 2012 03 01 Retrieved 2012 08 02 Fortuny J Galobart A Santisteban C D 2011 A New Capitosaur from the Middle Triassic of Spain and the Relationships within the Capitosauria Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 3 553 doi 10 4202 app 2010 0025 Novikov A V 2018 Early Triassic amphibians of Eastern Europe evolution of dominant groups and peculiarities of changing communities PDF in Russian Moscow RAS p 138 ISBN 978 5 906906 71 7 Archive copy PDF December 8 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Benthosuchus amp oldid 1208699126, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
