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Benguela railway

January 13, 2023

The Benguela Railway (Portuguese: Caminho de Ferro de Benguela (CFB)) is a Cape gauge railway line that runs through Angola from west to east, being the largest and most important railway line in the country. It also connects to Tenke in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and to the Cape to Cairo Railway (connecting the city of Kindu (DRC) to the city of Port Elizabeth in South Africa).

Benguela Railway
CFB Diesel locomotive, in 1973
Overview
StatusOperational
LocaleAngola and D.R. Congo
Termini
Service
TypeHeavy rail
History
Opened1905 (1905)
Technical
Line length1,866 km (1,159 mi)
Track gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Electrification25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead catenary (planned)[citation needed]
Operating speed90 km/h (56 mph)
Highest elevation6,082 ft (1,854 m)
Angola-Congo-Zambia railway network
Benguela
Railway
Legend

The line terminates at the port of Lobito on the Atlantic coast, from where Angola exports a wide variety of products, including minerals (from the Copperbelt region), food, industrial components and livestock.[1]

The section from Lobito to Luau is run by the Empresa do Caminho de Ferro de Benguela-E.P.[2] It crosses the Luao River, which lies on the border, to Dilolo (DRC). From there to Tenke, the railway is operated by the Société nationale des Chemins de fer du Congo.

Specifications

The railway is Cape gauge, 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), which is used by most mainline railways in southern Africa. The maximum design speed is 90 km per hour.[3] The design capacity is 20 million tons of cargo and 4 million passengers per year.[4] There are 67 stations and 42 bridges along the route of the railway.[5]

The highest point on the railway is 1,854 metres (6,083 ft).[6]

Equipment

Locomotives

Type Manufacturer Notes Source
CKD8F CNR Dalian, Dalian, China In service [7]
C30ACi GE Transportation, Erie, Pennsylvania, U.S. In service 100 delivered 2016–2019[8]
Euro Dual Stadler Rail, Bussnang, Switzerland Ordered and in delivery 20 dual-mode locomotive to be delivered within electrification project[citation needed].

History

The railway line roughly follows old trade routes between the ancient trading centre of Benguela and its hinterland of the Bié plateau.[9] In 1899, the Portuguese government initiated the construction of the railway to give access to the central Angolan plateau and the mineral wealth of the then Congo Free State.[10] A concession, running for 99 years, was granted to Sir Robert Williams on 28 November 1902.[11] His Benguela Railway Company took over the construction which commenced on 1 March 1903. Messrs Pauling & Co.[12] and Messrs Griffiths & Co[13] were contracted to build sections of the railway. By 1914, when World War I started, 500 kilometres (310 mi) had been completed. Construction was halted until 1920 after which the railway's connection to Luau at the border to the Belgian Congo was completed in 1929. The primary purpose was to facilitate export trade, while "the domestic Angolan traffic would be of secondary importance."[10]

Passenger trains also ran between Lubumbashi and Lobito, connecting with passenger ship services to Europe. This provided a shorter route for Europeans working in the Katangan and Zambian Copperbelt, and the name "Benguela Railway", or also "Katanga-Benguela railway", was sometimes used loosely to refer to the entire Lubumbashi–Lobito route, rather than the Tenke–Lobito section to which it strictly applies.[citation needed]

In its heyday, the Benguela Railway was the shortest way to transport mineral riches from the Congo to Europe. The line proved very successful and profitable, especially in the early 1970s after Zambia closed its border with the then Rhodesia.[14] The railway reached an operational peak in 1973 when it transported 3.3 million tons of cargo, generated freight revenues of $30 million, and had 14,000 employees.[15][6] Until the early 1970s, the railway was operated entirely by steam locomotives, oil-fired from the coast to Cubal, and then wood-fired from Cubal to the interior. Wood was supplied by eucalyptus trees grown on company-owned tree plantations.[16] Steam locomotives outnumbered diesels as late as 1987.[6]

Soon after Angola gained its independence from Portugal in 1975, the Angolan Civil War broke out. The railway was heavily damaged during the war and progressively fell into disuse. The workshops in Huambo were destroyed. Ballast cars had to be coupled to the front of locomotives to detonate mines.[6] By 1992, only 340 km (210 mi) of the railway remained in operation.[17] When the 99-year concession expired in 2001, only 34 km (21 mi) remained in service, along the coast from Benguela to Lobito.[18]

Rehabilitation

The railway was 90% owned by Tanganyika Concessions (Tanks), a London-based holding company. Société Générale de Belgique purchased a minority share in Tanks in 1923 and acquired a controlling interest in 1981.[19][20][6][21] The Belgian company remained the controlling owner of the railway when the concession expired in 2001, at which point ownership of the railway passed to the Angolan government.[22]

After the Angolan Civil War ended in 2002, the railway was reconstructed between 2006 and 2014 by the China Railway Construction Corporation at a cost of $1.83 billion.[3] 100,000 Angolans were employed on the railway reconstruction. Trains reached Huambo in 2011, Kuito in 2012, and Luau near the Congolese border in 2013.[23][24][25] The rebuilt railway was formally inaugurated in February 2015.[18]

According to Jornal de Angola in May 2012, Empresa do Caminho de Ferro de Benguela-E.P. employed 1,321 workers, and transported 129,430 passengers and 5,640 tons of goods in 2011. Two trains per day run between Lobito and Benguela, one per week to Huambo, and three per week between Lobito and Cubal.[26]

On 5 March 2018, ore transport was restarted from the Tenke Fungurume Mine, in the DRC, from where copper and cobalt are extracted, and the cargo transported to the port of Lobito. From that date the railway went into full operation, connecting the city of Tenke to the city of Lobito.[2]

Electrification

The Benguela railway line is to be electrified from Lobito to Cuamba.[citation needed]

Accidents

In the Tolunda rail accident on 22 September 1994, damaged brakes caused a train to plunge into a canyon, killing 300.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ Angola to launch concession for Benguela Railway. International Railway Journal. August 25, 2021.
  2. ^ a b Empresa 19 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Caminho de Ferro de Benguela-E.P.. 2019.
  3. ^ a b . Xinhua. 13 August 2014. Archived from the original on 17 August 2014. The 67-station railway has a design speed of 90 km per hour, involving a total investment of 1.83 billion U.S. dollars, according to the company. ... The railway, built in the form of EPC (engineering, procurement, construction), not only adopted Chinese standards, but procured all equipment from China. ... When it is fully operational, it will be able to carry 20 million tonnes of cargo and four million passengers annually, according to earlier reports.
  4. ^ . Xinhua. 13 August 2014. Archived from the original on 17 August 2014.
  5. ^ Zhao, Lei (16 February 2015). "Angola rail line, built by China, gets rolling". There are 67 stops and 42 bridges, significantly facilitating travel and trade, project engineers said, noting that many Angolans have moved to places along the line. Trains can run at speeds of up to 90 km/h on the Benguela line.
  6. ^ a b c d e Noble, Kenneth (13 November 1989). "Railroad in Angola to Be Revived". The New York Times.
  7. ^ "CNR Dalian locomotives arrive in Angola". Railway Gazette. 13 August 2012. ANGOLA: CNR Dalian has delivered the first five of 15 diesel locomotives ordered last year. Rated at 1715 kW, the 1067 mm gauge CKD8F locomotives have a top speed of 160 km/h and feature air-conditioned cabs and dust filters for use in the desert environment.
  8. ^ "GE to supply 100 locomotives to Angola".
  9. ^ Benguela Railway Company. (1929)
  10. ^ a b William A. Hance and Irene S. van Dongen (October 1956). "The Port of Lobito and the Benguela Railway". Geographical Review. American Geographical Society. 46 (4): 460–487. doi:10.2307/212105. JSTOR 212105.
  11. ^ "A Portuguese concession to construct a railway". The Beira Post. Beira, Mozambique. 13 December 1902. p. 3. Portugal has granted Robert Williams, a South African mine engineer, a concession for the construction of a railway from Lobido Bay, near Benguela, to the eastern frontier of Benguela.
  12. ^ "Railway extension northwards". The Beira Post. Beira, Mozambique. 15 December 1909. p. 3. A contract has been placed with Messrs Pauling & Co, Ltd, for the extension of the Benguela railway, West Africa, from the existing railhead at km 198 to km 320, a distance of 122 km. It is ultimately proposed to extent this railway to the Congo Free State and eastwards to join the Rhodesian railways and the Cape to Cairo line. Messrs Pauling’s contract for the extension of the railway from broken Hill to the Congo frontier, a distance of 110 miles, is now completed.
  13. ^ . Mining Journal (12 October). 1907. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008.
  14. ^ Portuguese Africa before the real storm. The Economist, Saturday, 24 August 1974, Issue 6835, Page 74.
  15. ^ Teixeira, Luis. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015. In 1973 the Railroad reaches the maximum of its transportation: 3.279.439 tons, including 1.609.387 tons of international traffic.
  16. ^ . The Heritage Portal. 11 January 2015. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015. The CFB, up until the early 1970’s, was steam operated, with the locomotives being predominantly wood burning (80%). Cubal was an engine changing point on the line where the oil fired engines coming up from Benguela, on the coast "came off" and wood fired engines took over for the slog up to Nova Lisboa (now Huambo), 5 570 feet above sea level. ... To the east of Cubal the CFB grew eucalyptus (blue gum) forests which were located at appropriate intervals along the line for the refuelling of the engines.
  17. ^ McClelland, Colin (25 March 2013). "Angola Restore Copper Rail Line After Four Decade Halt". Bloomberg Business. Service along most of the route was discontinued after the start of Angola’s civil war in 1975 at the end of colonial rule. Trains ran from Benguela to Huambo about 340 kilometers east until 1992. Reconstruction began in 2006 after a $300 million loan from the China International Fund.
  18. ^ a b "Three presidents inaugurate rebuilt Benguela Railway". Railway Gazette. 16 February 2015. Operations were disrupted by civil war from 1975, and through traffic to DR Congo ceased in 1981. By the time the concession expired in 2001 the line had been wrecked by war and neglect, with only the 34 km (21 mi) coastal section between Benguela and Lobito still functioning.
  19. ^ Clarence-Smith, W.G. (1985). The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825–1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester University Press. p. 131. Nevertheless a high proportion of the loan capital fell into Belgian hands, and in 1923 the Société Générale and its associates, the Banque d'Outremer, bought a block of shares of Tanganyika Concessions, the holding company for the railway, and obtained a representative on the board of directors.
  20. ^ Hanlon, Joseph (1986). Beggar Your Neighbours: Apartheid Power in Southern Africa. Indiana University Press. p. 168. In 1981 the Belgian holding Société Générale bought control of Tanganyika Concessions which owns 90% of the Benguela Railway.
  21. ^ . The University of Manchester Library. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015. Tanks Group Services Ltd was a London-based holding company for several railway and mining concerns in Central and East Africa that were associated with the mining engineer and entrepreneur Sir Robert Williams (1860–1938). ... In 1899 Tanganyika Concessions Ltd (Tanks) was founded on behalf of the Countess of Warwick to exploit minerals in Northern Rhodesia, with Williams as managing director.
  22. ^ . The Heritage Portal. 11 January 2015. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015. The ownership of the railway has since reverted to the Angolan government, on the expiry of the concession on the 28th November 2001.
  23. ^ Comboio entre Benguela e Huambo opera após 19 anos de interrupção, Jornal de Economia & Finanças, 30 August 2011, page 3
  24. ^ "Comboio experimental do CFB chegou este sábado ao Kuito" [CFB Test train reached Kuito this Saturday] (in Portuguese). Luanda, Angola: Angop. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  25. ^ "FIRST CFB TRAIN REACHES LUAU". Railways Africa. 20 August 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  26. ^ [Ships in Cabinda and train in Luena] (in Portuguese). Luanda, Angola: Jornal de Angola. 29 May 2012. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  27. ^ World's worst rail disasters BBC Article

Further reading

  • Benguela Railway Company. (1929). A brief history of the Benguela railway, describing its construction through Angola, Portuguese West Africa, and the important role it is destined to play in the development of Southern and Central Africa. London: Benguela Railway Company.

External links

  • Early History
  • BBC report Lifeline to Angola's future
  • BBC report Looking back down the line
  • Unofficial timetable of passenger trains (Fahrplancenter)
  • 2019 timetable
  • BBC2 footage of Benguela Railway from 'The Chinese are coming'
  • TANKS archive, University of Manchester Library

January 13, 2023
benguela, railway, benguela, railway, portuguese, caminho, ferro, benguela, cape, gauge, railway, line, that, runs, through, angola, from, west, east, being, largest, most, important, railway, line, country, also, connects, tenke, democratic, republic, congo, . The Benguela Railway Portuguese Caminho de Ferro de Benguela CFB is a Cape gauge railway line that runs through Angola from west to east being the largest and most important railway line in the country It also connects to Tenke in the Democratic Republic of the Congo DRC and to the Cape to Cairo Railway connecting the city of Kindu DRC to the city of Port Elizabeth in South Africa Benguela RailwayCFB Diesel locomotive in 1973OverviewStatusOperationalLocaleAngola and D R CongoTerminiLobitoTenkeServiceTypeHeavy railHistoryOpened1905 1905 TechnicalLine length1 866 km 1 159 mi Track gauge1 067 mm 3 ft 6 in Electrification25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead catenary planned citation needed Operating speed90 km h 56 mph Highest elevation6 082 ft 1 854 m Angola Congo Zambia railway networkvteBenguelaRailwayLegendLobitoBenguelaCubalGandaTchindjenjeUkumaLongonjoCaalaHuamboChinguarCunhingaCuitoCatabolaCamacupaCuambaLuenaLeuaCameiaLuacanoLuauAngolaCongo borderDiloloDivumaKasajiMutshatshaKolweziTenkeThe line terminates at the port of Lobito on the Atlantic coast from where Angola exports a wide variety of products including minerals from the Copperbelt region food industrial components and livestock 1 The section from Lobito to Luau is run by the Empresa do Caminho de Ferro de Benguela E P 2 It crosses the Luao River which lies on the border to Dilolo DRC From there to Tenke the railway is operated by the Societe nationale des Chemins de fer du Congo Contents 1 Specifications 2 Equipment 2 1 Locomotives 3 History 3 1 Rehabilitation 4 Electrification 5 Accidents 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksSpecifications EditThe railway is Cape gauge 1 067 mm 3 ft 6 in which is used by most mainline railways in southern Africa The maximum design speed is 90 km per hour 3 The design capacity is 20 million tons of cargo and 4 million passengers per year 4 There are 67 stations and 42 bridges along the route of the railway 5 The highest point on the railway is 1 854 metres 6 083 ft 6 Equipment EditLocomotives Edit Type Manufacturer Notes SourceCKD8F CNR Dalian Dalian China In service 7 C30ACi GE Transportation Erie Pennsylvania U S In service 100 delivered 2016 2019 8 Euro Dual Stadler Rail Bussnang Switzerland Ordered and in delivery 20 dual mode locomotive to be delivered within electrification project citation needed History EditThe railway line roughly follows old trade routes between the ancient trading centre of Benguela and its hinterland of the Bie plateau 9 In 1899 the Portuguese government initiated the construction of the railway to give access to the central Angolan plateau and the mineral wealth of the then Congo Free State 10 A concession running for 99 years was granted to Sir Robert Williams on 28 November 1902 11 His Benguela Railway Company took over the construction which commenced on 1 March 1903 Messrs Pauling amp Co 12 and Messrs Griffiths amp Co 13 were contracted to build sections of the railway By 1914 when World War I started 500 kilometres 310 mi had been completed Construction was halted until 1920 after which the railway s connection to Luau at the border to the Belgian Congo was completed in 1929 The primary purpose was to facilitate export trade while the domestic Angolan traffic would be of secondary importance 10 Passenger trains also ran between Lubumbashi and Lobito connecting with passenger ship services to Europe This provided a shorter route for Europeans working in the Katangan and Zambian Copperbelt and the name Benguela Railway or also Katanga Benguela railway was sometimes used loosely to refer to the entire Lubumbashi Lobito route rather than the Tenke Lobito section to which it strictly applies citation needed In its heyday the Benguela Railway was the shortest way to transport mineral riches from the Congo to Europe The line proved very successful and profitable especially in the early 1970s after Zambia closed its border with the then Rhodesia 14 The railway reached an operational peak in 1973 when it transported 3 3 million tons of cargo generated freight revenues of 30 million and had 14 000 employees 15 6 Until the early 1970s the railway was operated entirely by steam locomotives oil fired from the coast to Cubal and then wood fired from Cubal to the interior Wood was supplied by eucalyptus trees grown on company owned tree plantations 16 Steam locomotives outnumbered diesels as late as 1987 6 Soon after Angola gained its independence from Portugal in 1975 the Angolan Civil War broke out The railway was heavily damaged during the war and progressively fell into disuse The workshops in Huambo were destroyed Ballast cars had to be coupled to the front of locomotives to detonate mines 6 By 1992 only 340 km 210 mi of the railway remained in operation 17 When the 99 year concession expired in 2001 only 34 km 21 mi remained in service along the coast from Benguela to Lobito 18 Rehabilitation Edit The railway was 90 owned by Tanganyika Concessions Tanks a London based holding company Societe Generale de Belgique purchased a minority share in Tanks in 1923 and acquired a controlling interest in 1981 19 20 6 21 The Belgian company remained the controlling owner of the railway when the concession expired in 2001 at which point ownership of the railway passed to the Angolan government 22 After the Angolan Civil War ended in 2002 the railway was reconstructed between 2006 and 2014 by the China Railway Construction Corporation at a cost of 1 83 billion 3 100 000 Angolans were employed on the railway reconstruction Trains reached Huambo in 2011 Kuito in 2012 and Luau near the Congolese border in 2013 23 24 25 The rebuilt railway was formally inaugurated in February 2015 18 According to Jornal de Angola in May 2012 Empresa do Caminho de Ferro de Benguela E P employed 1 321 workers and transported 129 430 passengers and 5 640 tons of goods in 2011 Two trains per day run between Lobito and Benguela one per week to Huambo and three per week between Lobito and Cubal 26 On 5 March 2018 ore transport was restarted from the Tenke Fungurume Mine in the DRC from where copper and cobalt are extracted and the cargo transported to the port of Lobito From that date the railway went into full operation connecting the city of Tenke to the city of Lobito 2 Electrification EditThe Benguela railway line is to be electrified from Lobito to Cuamba citation needed Accidents EditIn the Tolunda rail accident on 22 September 1994 damaged brakes caused a train to plunge into a canyon killing 300 27 See also Edit Trains portalCongo Railway Company History of rail transport in Angola Luanda Railway Mocamedes Railway Rail transport in AngolaReferences Edit Angola to launch concession for Benguela Railway International Railway Journal August 25 2021 a b Empresa Archived 19 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine Caminho de Ferro de Benguela E P 2019 a b Chinese company completes massive Angolan railway Xinhua 13 August 2014 Archived from the original on 17 August 2014 The 67 station railway has a design speed of 90 km per hour involving a total investment of 1 83 billion U S dollars according to the company The railway built in the form of EPC engineering procurement construction not only adopted Chinese standards but procured all equipment from China When it is fully operational it will be able to carry 20 million tonnes of cargo and four million passengers annually according to earlier reports Chinese company completes massive Angolan railway Xinhua 13 August 2014 Archived from the original on 17 August 2014 Zhao Lei 16 February 2015 Angola rail line built by China gets rolling There are 67 stops and 42 bridges significantly facilitating travel and trade project engineers said noting that many Angolans have moved to places along the line Trains can run at speeds of up to 90 km h on the Benguela line a b c d e Noble Kenneth 13 November 1989 Railroad in Angola to Be Revived The New York Times CNR Dalian locomotives arrive in Angola Railway Gazette 13 August 2012 ANGOLA CNR Dalian has delivered the first five of 15 diesel locomotives ordered last year Rated at 1715 kW the 1067 mm gauge CKD8F locomotives have a top speed of 160 km h and feature air conditioned cabs and dust filters for use in the desert environment GE to supply 100 locomotives to Angola Benguela Railway Company 1929 a b William A Hance and Irene S van Dongen October 1956 The Port of Lobito and the Benguela Railway Geographical Review American Geographical Society 46 4 460 487 doi 10 2307 212105 JSTOR 212105 A Portuguese concession to construct a railway The Beira Post Beira Mozambique 13 December 1902 p 3 Portugal has granted Robert Williams a South African mine engineer a concession for the construction of a railway from Lobido Bay near Benguela to the eastern frontier of Benguela Railway extension northwards The Beira Post Beira Mozambique 15 December 1909 p 3 A contract has been placed with Messrs Pauling amp Co Ltd for the extension of the Benguela railway West Africa from the existing railhead at km 198 to km 320 a distance of 122 km It is ultimately proposed to extent this railway to the Congo Free State and eastwards to join the Rhodesian railways and the Cape to Cairo line Messrs Pauling s contract for the extension of the railway from broken Hill to the Congo frontier a distance of 110 miles is now completed Mineral Wealth of the Congo Free State Mining Journal 12 October 1907 Archived from the original on 15 June 2008 Portuguese Africa before the real storm The Economist Saturday 24 August 1974 Issue 6835 Page 74 Teixeira Luis EMPRESA DO CAMINHO DE FERRO DE BENGUELA E P Archived from the original on 2 April 2015 Retrieved 29 March 2015 In 1973 the Railroad reaches the maximum of its transportation 3 279 439 tons including 1 609 387 tons of international traffic Benguela More than just a current The Heritage Portal 11 January 2015 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 30 March 2015 The CFB up until the early 1970 s was steam operated with the locomotives being predominantly wood burning 80 Cubal was an engine changing point on the line where the oil fired engines coming up from Benguela on the coast came off and wood fired engines took over for the slog up to Nova Lisboa now Huambo 5 570 feet above sea level To the east of Cubal the CFB grew eucalyptus blue gum forests which were located at appropriate intervals along the line for the refuelling of the engines McClelland Colin 25 March 2013 Angola Restore Copper Rail Line After Four Decade Halt Bloomberg Business Service along most of the route was discontinued after the start of Angola s civil war in 1975 at the end of colonial rule Trains ran from Benguela to Huambo about 340 kilometers east until 1992 Reconstruction began in 2006 after a 300 million loan from the China International Fund a b Three presidents inaugurate rebuilt Benguela Railway Railway Gazette 16 February 2015 Operations were disrupted by civil war from 1975 and through traffic to DR Congo ceased in 1981 By the time the concession expired in 2001 the line had been wrecked by war and neglect with only the 34 km 21 mi coastal section between Benguela and Lobito still functioning Clarence Smith W G 1985 The Third Portuguese Empire 1825 1975 A Study in Economic Imperialism Manchester University Press p 131 Nevertheless a high proportion of the loan capital fell into Belgian hands and in 1923 the Societe Generale and its associates the Banque d Outremer bought a block of shares of Tanganyika Concessions the holding company for the railway and obtained a representative on the board of directors Hanlon Joseph 1986 Beggar Your Neighbours Apartheid Power in Southern Africa Indiana University Press p 168 In 1981 the Belgian holding Societe Generale bought control of Tanganyika Concessions which owns 90 of the Benguela Railway Tanks Group Archive c 1900 1960s The University of Manchester Library Archived from the original on 2 April 2015 Retrieved 30 March 2015 Tanks Group Services Ltd was a London based holding company for several railway and mining concerns in Central and East Africa that were associated with the mining engineer and entrepreneur Sir Robert Williams 1860 1938 In 1899 Tanganyika Concessions Ltd Tanks was founded on behalf of the Countess of Warwick to exploit minerals in Northern Rhodesia with Williams as managing director Benguela More than just a current The Heritage Portal 11 January 2015 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 30 March 2015 The ownership of the railway has since reverted to the Angolan government on the expiry of the concession on the 28th November 2001 Comboio entre Benguela e Huambo opera apos 19 anos de interrupcao Jornal de Economia amp Financas 30 August 2011 page 3 Comboio experimental do CFB chegou este sabado ao Kuito CFB Test train reached Kuito this Saturday in Portuguese Luanda Angola Angop Retrieved 2 April 2012 FIRST CFB TRAIN REACHES LUAU Railways Africa 20 August 2013 Retrieved 25 August 2013 Navios em Cabinda e comboio no Luena Ships in Cabinda and train in Luena in Portuguese Luanda Angola Jornal de Angola 29 May 2012 Archived from the original on 31 May 2012 Retrieved 29 May 2012 World s worst rail disasters BBC ArticleFurther reading EditBenguela Railway Company 1929 A brief history of the Benguela railway describing its construction through Angola Portuguese West Africa and the important role it is destined to play in the development of Southern and Central Africa London Benguela Railway Company External links EditEarly History BBC report Lifeline to Angola s future BBC report Looking back down the line Unofficial timetable of passenger trains Fahrplancenter 2019 timetable BBC2 footage of Benguela Railway from The Chinese are coming TANKS archive University of Manchester Library Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Benguela railway amp oldid 1117745909, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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