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Batuan, Bali

Batuan (alternate: Batoeon or "Baturan")[1] is a village in Bali, Indonesia. It is noted for its artwork and style of painting which originated in the village in the 1930s and has since emerged into a major Balinese artistic style, known as a Batuan painting. It is a major painting center and contains a number of art galleries and cooperative art societies which have played a key role in promoting the art of Batuan. The village is also known for its performance of the ancient Gambuh dance, performed every Full Moon day.[2]

Batuan
The "Fat statue" of Batuan
Batuan
Location in Bali
Coordinates: 8°35′8″S 115°16′32″E / 8.58556°S 115.27556°E / -8.58556; 115.27556
CountryIndonesia
ProvinceBali

There are two temples on the western part of the village which are known as Pura Puseh and Pura Dasar. These temples are built in classical Balinese temple architecture style with elaborate carvings. Visitors are given vermilion sarongs to wear during visit to the temples. The town is also popular for carved teak wood furnishings.[3] The village also has a "fat Buddha statue" (called the "Fat Baby Statue") at the cross road from Sakah to Blahbatu facing east.[4]

Geography

 
Gas station in Batuan

Batuan is located in central Bali about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Ubud and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northeast of Denpasar contiguous to northern Sukhawathi village, another well-known art center.[4][5][unreliable source?][6] The land in this part of Bali is very flat. The area covered by the town excluding agricultural lands is 6 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi). The town is bounded by streams flowing through chasms or gorges, which provide water supply to the town. Apart from the streams that flow through the town, there are also irrigation canals sourced from upstream dams which provide irrigation facilities to large tract of paddy fields that surround the village, which was the back bone of the sustenance economy in the past; economy is now largely dependent on tourist influx and the town is now part of “World Economy.” By 1995, the village had paved roads.[7]

The town has a number of temples hidden in the labyrinth lanes and by lanes of the town but two temples are prominent on the main road. In addition, there are now concrete paved performance pavilions in the town with high roofs where dance performances are held by many dance groups, which have got established now to cater to the tourism in the town; one such pavilion is in front of the Pura Desa Batuan temple.[7]

History

Batuan is mentioned in historical records as far back as 1000 years.[8] The Hindu and Indian influence in the region in the village is evident from the carvings and temples. In the 17th century, Batuan and southern Bali were controlled by the royal family until a priest's curse led to their losing their control; eventually they dispersed to various parts of the country.[3][8] During the period of 1947–1949, most of the Batuan people remained loyal to the Gianyar Regency and opposed nationalism.[9]

Culture

Art

 
A typical painting from Batuan by a local artist

Balinese art forms are primarily classified under three major categories of which Batuan Style (distinct from the Ubud Style) which originated in Batuan is one style which has absorbed the traditional art form to the present dynamic art styles; the other two Bali art styles are the Ubud style of Ubed and the Sanur style which have been further supplemented by a "Young Artists" style of 1960s of Penestanan (the artists village) origin influenced by the Dutch artists. In the Batuan style of painting, the emphasis is adoption of sombre colour, generally in black and white with preponderance of mystic Balinese religious ethos related to sorcery and witchcraft. They are also famous for the miniature painting with great attention paid to detailing.[10][11] The artists have an eye for detail as they paint with great patience. Vegetation is drawn in a stylised format, but each leaf is painted and shaded. The patterns, even in batik sarongs, have the minor figures drawn very carefully. Even the open space is filled with pulsating marks. Scenes emerge from the canvas and retreat into the vegetation such as a dog fight, a love affair, a group of gamblers, all shown in a corner of the canvas.[6]

Batuan village gave its name to a style of painting which evolved in the 1930s after a group of local villagers, Ida Bagus Made Togog and Ida Bagus Made Wija began experimenting with ink-washed paintings on black backgrounds. These are popular to this day.[12] The black and white background was said to evoke the supernatural.[8] Artists in Batuan later changed to gouache and acrylics. In the early years of the Batuan genre art, Batuan artists explored subjects that concerned themselves rather than creating tourist art. While anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson had a special relationship with Batuan artists, they avoided influencing them and were careful in what Western pictures they were to show to the Batuans. Batuan artists depicted only a traditional world in their pictures, avoiding objects such as automobiles, until at least the late 1980s.[13] Anthropologists also interpret that the paintings made by artists of Batuan are visual texts which represent the “Balinese Character”.[14]

Another notable feature is, unlike the Ubud style, the Batuan style also imbued daily life scenes in its depictions, deviating from the traditional. The depiction is of factual scenes but camouflaged in the form of masks. The colours used by the famous artists of Batuan were more bold than those used in Ubud paintings, with green and maroon being the dominant shades used for depicting human beings. Daily life with a complex variety of activities is depicted in great details. However, the painting canvases still adopted the three space formula with the bottom part devoted to daily human activities, with ritual activities in the middle section and with the upper section devoted to the realms of gods.[15]

 
A Batuan painting by Ida Bagus Rai

The Batuan painters belonging to the Pita Maha Painters group also created aesthetically elegant paintings combining Buddhist mythology with vivacious and inventive Wayan-style images. These paintings have also been described as “naïve style works –almost caricatures – that depict daily life with humour.”[16]

The village is now dominated by galleries of various artists.[12] Of major note is I Wayan Bendi Gallery, which is named after a notable contemporary artist in the style and sells expensive paintings, mostly over $200.[12] Many paintings of the artist I Made Buli are located here.[17] I Wayan Bendi of Batuan created the paintings as “craft for tourist painting” with himself as the central figure surrounded by tourists in various modes of life and this format has now become a flourishing art form.[18]

Dance form

One of the popular and ancient dance forms, which is performed in Batuan and many other villages, frequently, is known as the Gambuh. It is a theatrical dancing art form which reportedly evolved in the 15th century which is a fusion of singing, drama and visual art forms. It is performed during the festivals of Full Moon day and also on occasions of marriages and other ceremonies, locally known as the Odalan, Manusa Yadnya and Pitra Yadnya (Ngaben). However, this dance form is stated to be on the decline.[11][19]

Ethnography studies indicate that tourism has become integral to the economy of Batuan, particularly since the 1930s. So much so, that in the 1970s a frog dance was devised for the tourists which became a part of Balanese social life, as such dances were performed as part of wedding receptions.[18]

Rituals

While certain villages in Bali are known for violence during trance state, violence rituals are not performed in Batuan, nor do Batuans commonly engage in the trance state at all.[20]

Festivals

 
Penjor made of bamboo is displayed in villages during Galungan.

The most popular festival that is observed in Batuan and other places in Bali is the Galungan (meaning "When the Dharma is winning), which is a national festival that occurs over a cycle of every 210 days. It is the religious belief that Gods descend to the earth on this day. During this festival a long bamboo pole called locally as penjor is made to decorate the entrance to the family compound. The festival is observed starting with the day of arrival of gods and ends on the 10th day known as Kuningan. During this temple celebrations are held every 210 days. It is known as the Odlan festival and is held in the village when child artists also give music performances. During this festival, dancing, music and elaborate decorations and food offerings are a common feature.[21]

Landmarks

Although the village is known primarily for its artistic genre, it also contains some notable architectural landmarks and carvings.

Pura Puseh
 
 
Pura Puseh. The pillar is a throne-shaped shrine dedicated to the Supreme God, whose image is carved in front of the throne.

The most notable landmark is the village temple, known as Pura Puseh, an ancient structure dated to the 11th century, embellished with intricate stone carvings.[17] It is located in the northern part of the village, 200 metres (660 ft) off the main road.[22] The temple also has an inscription that testifies to the date of founding of Batuan in 1022 AD.[23] The temple underwent restoration in 1992. It is a five-tiered gateway tower, clearly influenced by Indian religious architecture. Its icons and decorations, however, are typically Balinese in style. Notable depictions include a Bhoma head overlooking the main gateway, the god Wisnu astride a bull, great elephants on the central stairway balustrade, and Siwa standing amongst skulls.[22] The roof of the temple is made of the fibre of chromatic black palm tree. The maintenance of the temple is done by the residents of the village. The temple is situated on the main road from Denpasar to Ubud.[23]

 
Wooden model of a split gate.

The entry gate to the temple appears as a split gate as if it was formed once as one gate that was split into two parts. This gate leads into a courtyard which has a garden and a galaxy of statues fixed at various locations. From the courtyard, there is another gateway spanned by an intricately carved arch with bass relief on the inset and intertwined with vines and a closed door. The entry to the sanctum is again through two gates. The sanctum is where the gods are enthroned during festival time through a special invitation to “come down into this world.” The gods invited during the festivals are venerated with deep devotion and offerings. A sign post at the temple says:[24]

Pr Puse Pr Desa
Des Adat Basua
Saka 944

The first line makes mention of two temples – The Pura Puse and the Pura Desa – the second line defines the organization responsible for the temple and the last line 'saka 944' is in Indic and is equivalent to 1022 CE[24]

On the 1st and 15th of each month, the Gambuh, an ancient court dance performance, is staged at the temple.[12] Owing to the success of tourism in Bali, a plot has been built next to the temple to put on a daily morning barong dance for tourists, enacting a fight between the good, a shaggy haired lion-like creature, and an evil widow-witch named Rangda.[22] In the evenings, the dance troupe puts on a Kecak dance and a fire dance.[22]

"Fat Buddha" statue

In the northern part of the village can be found a stone Buddha statue of considerable girth which marks the Sakah road to Blahbatuh, pointing east.[4][12]

Nearby tourist attractions include the Santi Mandala and Spa, Balifunworld,[5] and the Bali Zoo.

Notable people

  • I Nyoman Kakul (1905–1985), dancer and teacher. He was one of the first to teach women martial dances such as baris in the 1950s. He was a noted performer of topeng.[25] Ida Bagau Togog, the foremost artist of Bali also hailed from Batuan.[26]

References

  1. ^ Mead, Margaret; Francis, Patricia A. (2006). To cherish the life of the world: selected letters of Margaret Mead. Basic Books. p. 167. ISBN 0-465-00815-1.
  2. ^ Vaisutis, Justine (2007). Indonesia. Lonely Planet. p. 327. ISBN 978-1741044355. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  3. ^ a b Bali & Lombok. Lonely Planet Publications (Firm). 1984. pp. 204–205. ISBN 1-74104-864-8. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c Backshall, Stephen (2003). The Rough Guide to Indonesia. Rough Guides. p. 565. ISBN 1-85828-991-2. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  5. ^ a b Google Maps (Map). Google.
  6. ^ a b Gouyon, Anne; Yayasan Bumi Kita (2005). The natural guide to Bali: enjoy nature, meet the people, make a difference. Tuttle Publishing. p. 173. ISBN 979-3780-00-2. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  7. ^ a b Geertz (2004), pp. 17–18
  8. ^ a b c Ver Berkmoes, Ryan; Stewart, Iain (2007). Bali & Lombok (11 ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-74059-913-9.
  9. ^ Geertz, p. 19
  10. ^ "A short History of Indonesian Realm" (PDF). Robert Priglle. p. 138. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  11. ^ a b ThomassonCroll, Mary Justice (2010). Frommer's Bali & Lombok. Frommer's. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-470-49776-0. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  12. ^ a b c d e Reader, Lesley; Ridout, Lucy (1996). Bali & Lombok:The Rough Guide. Penguin Books. pp. 134–5. ISBN 1-85828-134-2.
  13. ^ Geertz, Hildred (1994). Images of power: Balinese paintings made for Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead. University of Hawaii Press. p. 17. ISBN 0-8248-1679-X.
  14. ^ Bott, Anthony (1998). Dimensions: texts from Asia for the upper secondary English classroom. Curriculum Press. p. 12. ISBN 1-86366-417-3.
  15. ^ Bentara Budaya Jakarta (Organization) (2008). The journey of Indonesian painting: the Bentara Budaya collection. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. p. 236. ISBN 978-979-9101-20-4. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  16. ^ Capaldi, Liz; Joshua Eliot (2000). Bali handbook with Lombok and the Eastern Isles: the travel guide. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 234. ISBN 0-658-01454-4. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  17. ^ a b "Bali-Batuan Overivew". Individual Bali. June 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  18. ^ a b Bruner, Edward M (2005). Culture on tour: ethnographies of travel. University of Chicago Press. p. 202. ISBN 0-226-07762-4. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  19. ^ "Gambuh". Explore Indonesia; Gunadharma University. Retrieved December 20, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  20. ^ Geertz, p. 23
  21. ^ Descutner, Janet; Elizabeth A. Hanley; Jacques D'Amboise (2010). Asian Dance. Infobase Publishing. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-60413-478-0. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  22. ^ a b c d Reader, Lesley; Ridout, Lucy (2002). The rough guide to Bali & Lombok (4 ed.). Rough Guides. p. 180. ISBN 1-85828-902-5.
  23. ^ a b "Batuan Temple at Batuan Village Gianyar Bali". Diversebali.com. from the original on 7 November 2010. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  24. ^ a b Geertz (2004), pp. 19–21
  25. ^ Brandon, James R. (1997). The Cambridge guide to Asian theatre (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 135. ISBN 0-521-58822-7.
  26. ^ Friend, Donald (1990). Donald Friend's Bali. Art Gallery of New South Wales. pp. 18, 23. ISBN 0-7305-6574-2. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
Bibliography
  • Geertz, Hildred (2004). The life of a Balinese temple: artistry, imagination, and history in a peasant village. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2533-0. Retrieved December 20, 2010.

8°35′8.02″S 115°16′32.29″E / 8.5855611°S 115.2756361°E / -8.5855611; 115.2756361

batuan, bali, batuan, alternate, batoeon, baturan, village, bali, indonesia, noted, artwork, style, painting, which, originated, village, 1930s, since, emerged, into, major, balinese, artistic, style, known, batuan, painting, major, painting, center, contains,. Batuan alternate Batoeon or Baturan 1 is a village in Bali Indonesia It is noted for its artwork and style of painting which originated in the village in the 1930s and has since emerged into a major Balinese artistic style known as a Batuan painting It is a major painting center and contains a number of art galleries and cooperative art societies which have played a key role in promoting the art of Batuan The village is also known for its performance of the ancient Gambuh dance performed every Full Moon day 2 BatuanThe Fat statue of BatuanBatuanLocation in BaliCoordinates 8 35 8 S 115 16 32 E 8 58556 S 115 27556 E 8 58556 115 27556CountryIndonesiaProvinceBaliThere are two temples on the western part of the village which are known as Pura Puseh and Pura Dasar These temples are built in classical Balinese temple architecture style with elaborate carvings Visitors are given vermilion sarongs to wear during visit to the temples The town is also popular for carved teak wood furnishings 3 The village also has a fat Buddha statue called the Fat Baby Statue at the cross road from Sakah to Blahbatu facing east 4 Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Culture 3 1 Art 3 2 Dance form 3 3 Rituals 4 Festivals 4 1 Landmarks 5 Notable people 6 ReferencesGeography Edit Gas station in BatuanBatuan is located in central Bali about 10 kilometres 6 2 mi south of Ubud and about 15 kilometres 9 3 mi northeast of Denpasar contiguous to northern Sukhawathi village another well known art center 4 5 unreliable source 6 The land in this part of Bali is very flat The area covered by the town excluding agricultural lands is 6 square kilometres 2 3 sq mi The town is bounded by streams flowing through chasms or gorges which provide water supply to the town Apart from the streams that flow through the town there are also irrigation canals sourced from upstream dams which provide irrigation facilities to large tract of paddy fields that surround the village which was the back bone of the sustenance economy in the past economy is now largely dependent on tourist influx and the town is now part of World Economy By 1995 the village had paved roads 7 The town has a number of temples hidden in the labyrinth lanes and by lanes of the town but two temples are prominent on the main road In addition there are now concrete paved performance pavilions in the town with high roofs where dance performances are held by many dance groups which have got established now to cater to the tourism in the town one such pavilion is in front of the Pura Desa Batuan temple 7 History EditBatuan is mentioned in historical records as far back as 1000 years 8 The Hindu and Indian influence in the region in the village is evident from the carvings and temples In the 17th century Batuan and southern Bali were controlled by the royal family until a priest s curse led to their losing their control eventually they dispersed to various parts of the country 3 8 During the period of 1947 1949 most of the Batuan people remained loyal to the Gianyar Regency and opposed nationalism 9 Culture EditArt Edit A typical painting from Batuan by a local artistBalinese art forms are primarily classified under three major categories of which Batuan Style distinct from the Ubud Style which originated in Batuan is one style which has absorbed the traditional art form to the present dynamic art styles the other two Bali art styles are the Ubud style of Ubed and the Sanur style which have been further supplemented by a Young Artists style of 1960s of Penestanan the artists village origin influenced by the Dutch artists In the Batuan style of painting the emphasis is adoption of sombre colour generally in black and white with preponderance of mystic Balinese religious ethos related to sorcery and witchcraft They are also famous for the miniature painting with great attention paid to detailing 10 11 The artists have an eye for detail as they paint with great patience Vegetation is drawn in a stylised format but each leaf is painted and shaded The patterns even in batik sarongs have the minor figures drawn very carefully Even the open space is filled with pulsating marks Scenes emerge from the canvas and retreat into the vegetation such as a dog fight a love affair a group of gamblers all shown in a corner of the canvas 6 Batuan village gave its name to a style of painting which evolved in the 1930s after a group of local villagers Ida Bagus Made Togog and Ida Bagus Made Wija began experimenting with ink washed paintings on black backgrounds These are popular to this day 12 The black and white background was said to evoke the supernatural 8 Artists in Batuan later changed to gouache and acrylics In the early years of the Batuan genre art Batuan artists explored subjects that concerned themselves rather than creating tourist art While anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson had a special relationship with Batuan artists they avoided influencing them and were careful in what Western pictures they were to show to the Batuans Batuan artists depicted only a traditional world in their pictures avoiding objects such as automobiles until at least the late 1980s 13 Anthropologists also interpret that the paintings made by artists of Batuan are visual texts which represent the Balinese Character 14 Another notable feature is unlike the Ubud style the Batuan style also imbued daily life scenes in its depictions deviating from the traditional The depiction is of factual scenes but camouflaged in the form of masks The colours used by the famous artists of Batuan were more bold than those used in Ubud paintings with green and maroon being the dominant shades used for depicting human beings Daily life with a complex variety of activities is depicted in great details However the painting canvases still adopted the three space formula with the bottom part devoted to daily human activities with ritual activities in the middle section and with the upper section devoted to the realms of gods 15 A Batuan painting by Ida Bagus RaiThe Batuan painters belonging to the Pita Maha Painters group also created aesthetically elegant paintings combining Buddhist mythology with vivacious and inventive Wayan style images These paintings have also been described as naive style works almost caricatures that depict daily life with humour 16 The village is now dominated by galleries of various artists 12 Of major note is I Wayan Bendi Gallery which is named after a notable contemporary artist in the style and sells expensive paintings mostly over 200 12 Many paintings of the artist I Made Buli are located here 17 I Wayan Bendi of Batuan created the paintings as craft for tourist painting with himself as the central figure surrounded by tourists in various modes of life and this format has now become a flourishing art form 18 Dance form Edit One of the popular and ancient dance forms which is performed in Batuan and many other villages frequently is known as the Gambuh It is a theatrical dancing art form which reportedly evolved in the 15th century which is a fusion of singing drama and visual art forms It is performed during the festivals of Full Moon day and also on occasions of marriages and other ceremonies locally known as the Odalan Manusa Yadnya and Pitra Yadnya Ngaben However this dance form is stated to be on the decline 11 19 Ethnography studies indicate that tourism has become integral to the economy of Batuan particularly since the 1930s So much so that in the 1970s a frog dance was devised for the tourists which became a part of Balanese social life as such dances were performed as part of wedding receptions 18 Rituals Edit While certain villages in Bali are known for violence during trance state violence rituals are not performed in Batuan nor do Batuans commonly engage in the trance state at all 20 Festivals Edit Penjor made of bamboo is displayed in villages during Galungan The most popular festival that is observed in Batuan and other places in Bali is the Galungan meaning When the Dharma is winning which is a national festival that occurs over a cycle of every 210 days It is the religious belief that Gods descend to the earth on this day During this festival a long bamboo pole called locally as penjor is made to decorate the entrance to the family compound The festival is observed starting with the day of arrival of gods and ends on the 10th day known as Kuningan During this temple celebrations are held every 210 days It is known as the Odlan festival and is held in the village when child artists also give music performances During this festival dancing music and elaborate decorations and food offerings are a common feature 21 Landmarks Edit Although the village is known primarily for its artistic genre it also contains some notable architectural landmarks and carvings Pura Puseh Pura Puseh The pillar is a throne shaped shrine dedicated to the Supreme God whose image is carved in front of the throne The most notable landmark is the village temple known as Pura Puseh an ancient structure dated to the 11th century embellished with intricate stone carvings 17 It is located in the northern part of the village 200 metres 660 ft off the main road 22 The temple also has an inscription that testifies to the date of founding of Batuan in 1022 AD 23 The temple underwent restoration in 1992 It is a five tiered gateway tower clearly influenced by Indian religious architecture Its icons and decorations however are typically Balinese in style Notable depictions include a Bhoma head overlooking the main gateway the god Wisnu astride a bull great elephants on the central stairway balustrade and Siwa standing amongst skulls 22 The roof of the temple is made of the fibre of chromatic black palm tree The maintenance of the temple is done by the residents of the village The temple is situated on the main road from Denpasar to Ubud 23 Wooden model of a split gate The entry gate to the temple appears as a split gate as if it was formed once as one gate that was split into two parts This gate leads into a courtyard which has a garden and a galaxy of statues fixed at various locations From the courtyard there is another gateway spanned by an intricately carved arch with bass relief on the inset and intertwined with vines and a closed door The entry to the sanctum is again through two gates The sanctum is where the gods are enthroned during festival time through a special invitation to come down into this world The gods invited during the festivals are venerated with deep devotion and offerings A sign post at the temple says 24 Pr Puse Pr DesaDes Adat BasuaSaka 944The first line makes mention of two temples The Pura Puse and the Pura Desa the second line defines the organization responsible for the temple and the last line saka 944 is in Indic and is equivalent to 1022 CE 24 On the 1st and 15th of each month the Gambuh an ancient court dance performance is staged at the temple 12 Owing to the success of tourism in Bali a plot has been built next to the temple to put on a daily morning barong dance for tourists enacting a fight between the good a shaggy haired lion like creature and an evil widow witch named Rangda 22 In the evenings the dance troupe puts on a Kecak dance and a fire dance 22 Fat Buddha statueIn the northern part of the village can be found a stone Buddha statue of considerable girth which marks the Sakah road to Blahbatuh pointing east 4 12 Nearby tourist attractions include the Santi Mandala and Spa Balifunworld 5 and the Bali Zoo Notable people EditI Nyoman Kakul 1905 1985 dancer and teacher He was one of the first to teach women martial dances such as baris in the 1950s He was a noted performer of topeng 25 Ida Bagau Togog the foremost artist of Bali also hailed from Batuan 26 References Edit Mead Margaret Francis Patricia A 2006 To cherish the life of the world selected letters of Margaret Mead Basic Books p 167 ISBN 0 465 00815 1 Vaisutis Justine 2007 Indonesia Lonely Planet p 327 ISBN 978 1741044355 Retrieved December 20 2010 a b Bali amp Lombok Lonely Planet Publications Firm 1984 pp 204 205 ISBN 1 74104 864 8 Retrieved December 19 2010 a b c Backshall Stephen 2003 The Rough Guide to Indonesia Rough Guides p 565 ISBN 1 85828 991 2 Retrieved December 20 2010 a b Google Maps Map Google a b Gouyon Anne Yayasan Bumi Kita 2005 The natural guide to Bali enjoy nature meet the people make a difference Tuttle Publishing p 173 ISBN 979 3780 00 2 Retrieved December 19 2010 a b Geertz 2004 pp 17 18 a b c Ver Berkmoes Ryan Stewart Iain 2007 Bali amp Lombok 11 ed Lonely Planet p 206 ISBN 978 1 74059 913 9 Geertz p 19 A short History of Indonesian Realm PDF Robert Priglle p 138 Retrieved December 20 2010 a b ThomassonCroll Mary Justice 2010 Frommer s Bali amp Lombok Frommer s p 218 ISBN 978 0 470 49776 0 Retrieved December 19 2010 a b c d e Reader Lesley Ridout Lucy 1996 Bali amp Lombok The Rough Guide Penguin Books pp 134 5 ISBN 1 85828 134 2 Geertz Hildred 1994 Images of power Balinese paintings made for Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead University of Hawaii Press p 17 ISBN 0 8248 1679 X Bott Anthony 1998 Dimensions texts from Asia for the upper secondary English classroom Curriculum Press p 12 ISBN 1 86366 417 3 Bentara Budaya Jakarta Organization 2008 The journey of Indonesian painting the Bentara Budaya collection Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia p 236 ISBN 978 979 9101 20 4 Retrieved December 20 2010 Capaldi Liz Joshua Eliot 2000 Bali handbook with Lombok and the Eastern Isles the travel guide Footprint Travel Guides p 234 ISBN 0 658 01454 4 Retrieved December 19 2010 a b Bali Batuan Overivew Individual Bali June 2009 Retrieved December 19 2010 permanent dead link a b Bruner Edward M 2005 Culture on tour ethnographies of travel University of Chicago Press p 202 ISBN 0 226 07762 4 Retrieved December 19 2010 Gambuh Explore Indonesia Gunadharma University Retrieved December 20 2010 permanent dead link Geertz p 23 Descutner Janet Elizabeth A Hanley Jacques D Amboise 2010 Asian Dance Infobase Publishing p 74 ISBN 978 1 60413 478 0 Retrieved December 19 2010 a b c d Reader Lesley Ridout Lucy 2002 The rough guide to Bali amp Lombok 4 ed Rough Guides p 180 ISBN 1 85828 902 5 a b Batuan Temple at Batuan Village Gianyar Bali Diversebali com Archived from the original on 7 November 2010 Retrieved December 20 2010 a b Geertz 2004 pp 19 21 Brandon James R 1997 The Cambridge guide to Asian theatre 2 ed Cambridge University Press p 135 ISBN 0 521 58822 7 Friend Donald 1990 Donald Friend s Bali Art Gallery of New South Wales pp 18 23 ISBN 0 7305 6574 2 Retrieved December 20 2010 Bibliography Wikimedia Commons has media related to Batuan Geertz Hildred 2004 The life of a Balinese temple artistry imagination and history in a peasant village University of Hawaii Press ISBN 0 8248 2533 0 Retrieved December 20 2010 8 35 8 02 S 115 16 32 29 E 8 5855611 S 115 2756361 E 8 5855611 115 2756361 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Batuan Bali amp oldid 1147033131, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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