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Earl of Moray

November 10, 2023

The title Earl of Moray, Mormaer of Moray or King of Moray was originally held by the rulers of the Province of Moray, which existed from the 10th century with varying degrees of independence from the Kingdom of Alba to the south. Until 1130 the status of Moray's rulers was ambiguous and they were described in some sources as "mormaers" (the Gaelic term for "Earl"), in others as "Kings of Moray", and in others as "Kings of Alba". The position was suppressed by David I of Scotland some time after his defeat of Óengus of Moray at the Battle of Stracathro in 1130, but was recreated as a feudal earldom by Robert the Bruce and granted to Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray in 1312.

Earldom of Moray

Quarterly: 1st & 4th, Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counterflory gules (Royal arms of Scotland) surrounded with a bordure company argent and azure (Moray); 2nd, Or a fess chequy azure and argent (Stewart of Doune); 3rd, Or three cushions within a double tressure flory counterflory gules (Randolph)[1]
Creation date30 January 1562 (Fifth creation)
Created byMary, Queen of Scots (Fifth creation)
PeeragePeerage of Scotland
First holderJames Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (Fifth creation)
Present holderJohn Douglas Stuart, 21st Earl of Moray
Heir apparentJames Stuart, Lord Doune
Remainder toHeirs male of the 1st earl's body[2]
Subsidiary titlesLord Abernethy
Lord Strathdearn
Lord Doune
Lord St Colme
Baron Stuart of Castle Stuart
StatusExtant
Seat(s)Doune Park
Darnaway Castle
Former seat(s)Castle Stuart
Doune Castle
MottoSalus per Christum redemptorem ("Salvation through Christ the Redeemer")
Arms of Randolph, Earls of Moray

The title has subsequently been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland. It has been held by Clan Stewart since the 16th century, when James Stewart, illegitimate son of James V, was granted the title.

History of the Earldom of Moray edit

For the history of the province or kingdom of Moray, see Province of Moray.

The province of Moray's importance as part of the kingdom of Scotland was demonstrated during the years of major warfare between 1296 and 1340. The province was relatively untouched by direct fighting and Royal-led English armies penetrated Moray on only three occasions in 1296, 1303 and 1335, and significant English occupation occurred only in 1296–97. This security meant that it was a vital refuge and recruitment ground for the Scottish guardians between 1297 and 1303, and provided Robert I of Scotland with a base and allies during his northern campaign against the Comyns and their allies in 1307–08. The province was forced to submit to Edward I of England in 1303 and Robert I of Scotland therefore clearly recognized the significance of Moray for the security of his realm. In 1312 Robert I re-established the Earldom of Moray for his nephew, Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray. The new earldom included all of the old province and the crown lands of the Laich or coastal area of Moray.[3]

Thomas's son John Randolph was killed in 1346, leaving no heir and the other noble families including the Comyns, Strathbogies and Morays had all disappeared from or left the province by between 1300 and 1350. With the absence of noble leaders, power fell to lesser figures who functioned in kin-based groups such as the Clan Donnachaidh of Atholl and the Chattan Confederation which centred on Badenoch. This drew in lords and men from outside of the province, from further south such as the Dunbars and Stewarts who staked their claims. In 1372, the Earldom of Moray was divided between them with John Dunbar receiving the coastal districts and Alexander Stewart, favourite son of Robert II of Scotland being made lord of Badenoch in the uplands.[3]

The division of Moray led to local conflict which was exacerbated by the activities of local kindreds and the eastward spread of the Gaelic superpower, the Lord of the Isles. The activities of the islesmen and kindreds in the service of Alexander Stewart made Moray the area of greatest conflict between the revived power of Gaelic Scotland and the structured society under the crown established during the previous centuries. Churchmen and burgesses made repeated complaints about the attacks of raiding caterans, the most notable being the burning of Elgin Cathedral by Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, also known as the Wolf of Badenoch, in a dispute with the Bishop of Moray.[3]

Scotland's rulers were slow to react to the problems in the earldom of Moray. Their response was largely indirect and the governor, Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, campaigned in the region in 1405 and 1411. James I of Scotland did the same in 1428 and 1429. They preferred to rely on a Lieutenant, Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar, the son of the Wolf of Badenoch. When the Earl of Mar died in 1435, a power vacuum allowed the Lords of the Isles to dominate Moray from the 1430s to the 1450s. The crown's earldom was restricted to the coastal areas of Moray and was held by lords whose resources lay elsewhere. The last of these once-loyal lords were the Clan Douglas, Earls of Douglas who were forfeited in 1455, after the Battle of Arkinholm against the king and a new power emerged in the province. The Clan Gordon, Earls of Huntly secured Badenoch in 1452 and occupied Moray three years later. The crown refused to allow the Gordons the provincial dominance of the Randolphs, but they remained chief lords of the area from the 15th century onwards, but under the possession of the crown royal line.[3]

The earldom eventually descended to Elizabeth Stewart, 7th Countess of Moray, whose husband was also recognised as earl. However, when her husband, James, was killed in battle against the Sovereign in 1455, his title was attainted.

The next grant was made to James Stewart, the son of King James IV. He, however, died without children, and the title became extinct. The title was next given to George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly. Gordon fell out of royal favour, and in 1462, he was killed and his title forfeited.[2]

The most recent creation was in favour of another James Stewart, the illegitimate son of King James V. Other Scottish titles associated with this creation are: Lord Abernethy and Strathearn (created 1562), Lord Doune (1581) and Lord St Colme (1611). Furthermore, Lord Moray holds the title Baron Stuart (1796), of Castle Stuart in the County of Inverness; since it is in the Peerage of Great Britain, it entitled the Earls of Moray to sit in the House of Lords before the passage of the Peerage Act 1963.

Perhaps the most well-known Earl of Moray was James Stewart, 2nd Earl of Moray, the husband of Elizabeth Stewart, 2nd Countess of Moray, who held the earldom jure uxoris (by right of his wife), as he was the subject of a famous ballad, "The Bonny Earl O'Moray". He was also a direct male-line descendant of King Robert II.

The family seats are Doune Lodge, near Doune, Stirling and Darnaway Castle, near Forres, Moray.

Mormaers of Moray edit

Earls of Moray, First Creation (1312) edit

Earls of Moray, Second Creation (1372) edit

  • John Dunbar, 1st Earl of Moray (d. 1391)[4]
  • Thomas Dunbar, 2nd Earl of Moray (d. 1422?), son of 1st Earl
  • Thomas Dunbar, 3rd Earl of Moray (d. ?), son of 2nd Earl
  • James Dunbar, 4th Earl of Moray (d. 1429), cousin of 3rd Earl
  • Elizabeth Dunbar, Countess of Moray (d. 1485) (forfeit 1455), daughter of 4th Earl
    • Archibald Douglas, Earl of Moray (d. 1455), brother of the 8th and 9th Earls of Douglas (acceded 145?), husband of Elizabeth Dunbar
    • James Crichton, 2nd Lord Crichton and Earl of Moray (d. 1454) (acceded 1452), the husband of Janet Dunbar (sister of Elizabeth Dunbar)

Earls of Moray, Third Creation (1501) edit

Earls of Moray, Fourth Creation (1549) edit

Earls of Moray, Fifth Creation (1562) edit

Present peer edit

John Douglas Stuart, 21st Earl of Moray (born 29 August 1966) is the only son of the 20th Earl of Moray and Lady Malvina Dorothea Murray, elder daughter of Mungo Murray, 7th Earl of Mansfield. Known as Lord Doune between 1974 and 2011, he was educated at Loretto School and University College London, graduating BA in History of Art. In 2003 he lived at Doune Park, Perthshire. On 23 September 2011 he succeeded to the peerages of his father. On 1 July 2000, he married Catherine Jane Lawson, daughter of Professor Wilfred Alan Lawson, of Cloncallow, County Wicklow, and they have three sons:[5]

  • James Douglas Stuart, Lord Doune (born 2002), heir apparent
  • Alexander Francis Alan Stuart (born 2004),
  • Frederick Charles Randolph Stuart (born 2006)

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. pp. 2762–2761. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1.
  2. ^ a b Balfour Paul, James (1904). The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas. pp. 314–315. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Edited by Michael Lynch. Oxford University Press. pp. 428–430. ISBN 978-0-19-923482-0.
  4. ^ Balfour Paul, James (1904). The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas. pp. 298–307. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  5. ^ Burke's Peerage, volume 2 (2003), p. 2762

External links edit

  • Moray Estates Development Company, which manages the family properties

November 10, 2023
earl, moray, title, mormaer, moray, king, moray, originally, held, rulers, province, moray, which, existed, from, 10th, century, with, varying, degrees, independence, from, kingdom, alba, south, until, 1130, status, moray, rulers, ambiguous, they, were, descri. The title Earl of Moray Mormaer of Moray or King of Moray was originally held by the rulers of the Province of Moray which existed from the 10th century with varying degrees of independence from the Kingdom of Alba to the south Until 1130 the status of Moray s rulers was ambiguous and they were described in some sources as mormaers the Gaelic term for Earl in others as Kings of Moray and in others as Kings of Alba The position was suppressed by David I of Scotland some time after his defeat of oengus of Moray at the Battle of Stracathro in 1130 but was recreated as a feudal earldom by Robert the Bruce and granted to Thomas Randolph 1st Earl of Moray in 1312 Earldom of MorayQuarterly 1st amp 4th Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counterflory gules Royal arms of Scotland surrounded with a bordure company argent and azure Moray 2nd Or a fess chequy azure and argent Stewart of Doune 3rd Or three cushions within a double tressure flory counterflory gules Randolph 1 Creation date30 January 1562 Fifth creation Created byMary Queen of Scots Fifth creation PeeragePeerage of ScotlandFirst holderJames Stewart 1st Earl of Moray Fifth creation Present holderJohn Douglas Stuart 21st Earl of MorayHeir apparentJames Stuart Lord DouneRemainder toHeirs male of the 1st earl s body 2 Subsidiary titlesLord AbernethyLord StrathdearnLord DouneLord St Colme Baron Stuart of Castle StuartStatusExtantSeat s Doune ParkDarnaway CastleFormer seat s Castle StuartDoune CastleMottoSalus per Christum redemptorem Salvation through Christ the Redeemer Arms of Randolph Earls of MorayThe title has subsequently been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland It has been held by Clan Stewart since the 16th century when James Stewart illegitimate son of James V was granted the title Contents 1 History of the Earldom of Moray 2 Mormaers of Moray 3 Earls of Moray First Creation 1312 4 Earls of Moray Second Creation 1372 5 Earls of Moray Third Creation 1501 6 Earls of Moray Fourth Creation 1549 7 Earls of Moray Fifth Creation 1562 8 Present peer 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksHistory of the Earldom of Moray editFor the history of the province or kingdom of Moray see Province of Moray The province of Moray s importance as part of the kingdom of Scotland was demonstrated during the years of major warfare between 1296 and 1340 The province was relatively untouched by direct fighting and Royal led English armies penetrated Moray on only three occasions in 1296 1303 and 1335 and significant English occupation occurred only in 1296 97 This security meant that it was a vital refuge and recruitment ground for the Scottish guardians between 1297 and 1303 and provided Robert I of Scotland with a base and allies during his northern campaign against the Comyns and their allies in 1307 08 The province was forced to submit to Edward I of England in 1303 and Robert I of Scotland therefore clearly recognized the significance of Moray for the security of his realm In 1312 Robert I re established the Earldom of Moray for his nephew Thomas Randolph 1st Earl of Moray The new earldom included all of the old province and the crown lands of the Laich or coastal area of Moray 3 Thomas s son John Randolph was killed in 1346 leaving no heir and the other noble families including the Comyns Strathbogies and Morays had all disappeared from or left the province by between 1300 and 1350 With the absence of noble leaders power fell to lesser figures who functioned in kin based groups such as the Clan Donnachaidh of Atholl and the Chattan Confederation which centred on Badenoch This drew in lords and men from outside of the province from further south such as the Dunbars and Stewarts who staked their claims In 1372 the Earldom of Moray was divided between them with John Dunbar receiving the coastal districts and Alexander Stewart favourite son of Robert II of Scotland being made lord of Badenoch in the uplands 3 The division of Moray led to local conflict which was exacerbated by the activities of local kindreds and the eastward spread of the Gaelic superpower the Lord of the Isles The activities of the islesmen and kindreds in the service of Alexander Stewart made Moray the area of greatest conflict between the revived power of Gaelic Scotland and the structured society under the crown established during the previous centuries Churchmen and burgesses made repeated complaints about the attacks of raiding caterans the most notable being the burning of Elgin Cathedral by Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan also known as the Wolf of Badenoch in a dispute with the Bishop of Moray 3 Scotland s rulers were slow to react to the problems in the earldom of Moray Their response was largely indirect and the governor Robert Stewart Duke of Albany campaigned in the region in 1405 and 1411 James I of Scotland did the same in 1428 and 1429 They preferred to rely on a Lieutenant Alexander Stewart Earl of Mar the son of the Wolf of Badenoch When the Earl of Mar died in 1435 a power vacuum allowed the Lords of the Isles to dominate Moray from the 1430s to the 1450s The crown s earldom was restricted to the coastal areas of Moray and was held by lords whose resources lay elsewhere The last of these once loyal lords were the Clan Douglas Earls of Douglas who were forfeited in 1455 after the Battle of Arkinholm against the king and a new power emerged in the province The Clan Gordon Earls of Huntly secured Badenoch in 1452 and occupied Moray three years later The crown refused to allow the Gordons the provincial dominance of the Randolphs but they remained chief lords of the area from the 15th century onwards but under the possession of the crown royal line 3 The earldom eventually descended to Elizabeth Stewart 7th Countess of Moray whose husband was also recognised as earl However when her husband James was killed in battle against the Sovereign in 1455 his title was attainted The next grant was made to James Stewart the son of King James IV He however died without children and the title became extinct The title was next given to George Gordon 4th Earl of Huntly Gordon fell out of royal favour and in 1462 he was killed and his title forfeited 2 The most recent creation was in favour of another James Stewart the illegitimate son of King James V Other Scottish titles associated with this creation are Lord Abernethy and Strathearn created 1562 Lord Doune 1581 and Lord St Colme 1611 Furthermore Lord Moray holds the title Baron Stuart 1796 of Castle Stuart in the County of Inverness since it is in the Peerage of Great Britain it entitled the Earls of Moray to sit in the House of Lords before the passage of the Peerage Act 1963 Perhaps the most well known Earl of Moray was James Stewart 2nd Earl of Moray the husband of Elizabeth Stewart 2nd Countess of Moray who held the earldom jure uxoris by right of his wife as he was the subject of a famous ballad The Bonny Earl O Moray He was also a direct male line descendant of King Robert II The family seats are Doune Lodge near Doune Stirling and Darnaway Castle near Forres Moray Mormaers of Moray editFindlaech mac Ruaidri before 1014 1020 Mael Coluim mac Mail Brigti 1020 1029 Gille Coemgain mac Mail Brigti 1029 1032 Mac Bethad mac Findlaich Macbeth King of Scotland 1032 1057 Lulach mac Gille Coemgain 1057 1058 Mael Snechtai mac Lulaich 1058 1078 1085 oengus 1130 William fitz Duncan 1130s 1147 To Scottish CrownEarls of Moray First Creation 1312 editThomas Randolph 1st Earl of Moray d 1332 Thomas Randolph 2nd Earl of Moray d 1332 John Randolph 3rd Earl of Moray d 1346 Earls of Moray Second Creation 1372 editJohn Dunbar 1st Earl of Moray d 1391 4 Thomas Dunbar 2nd Earl of Moray d 1422 son of 1st Earl Thomas Dunbar 3rd Earl of Moray d son of 2nd Earl James Dunbar 4th Earl of Moray d 1429 cousin of 3rd Earl Elizabeth Dunbar Countess of Moray d 1485 forfeit 1455 daughter of 4th Earl Archibald Douglas Earl of Moray d 1455 brother of the 8th and 9th Earls of Douglas acceded 145 husband of Elizabeth Dunbar James Crichton 2nd Lord Crichton and Earl of Moray d 1454 acceded 1452 the husband of Janet Dunbar sister of Elizabeth Dunbar Earls of Moray Third Creation 1501 editJames Stewart Earl of Moray c 1499 1544 Earls of Moray Fourth Creation 1549 editGeorge Gordon 4th Earl of Huntly Earl of Moray 1514 1562 title forfeitedEarls of Moray Fifth Creation 1562 editJames Stewart 1st Earl of Moray c 1531 1570 Elizabeth Stuart 2nd Countess of Moray d 1591 James Stewart jure uxoris 2nd Earl of Moray d 1592 James Stuart 3rd Earl of Moray d 1638 James Stuart 4th Earl of Moray d 1653 Alexander Stuart 5th Earl of Moray d 1701 Charles Stuart 6th Earl of Moray d 1735 Francis Stuart 7th Earl of Moray d 1739 James Stuart 8th Earl of Moray 1708 1767 Francis Stuart 9th Earl of Moray 1737 1810 Francis Stuart 10th Earl of Moray 1771 1848 Francis Stuart 11th Earl of Moray 1795 1859 John Stuart 12th Earl of Moray 1797 1867 Archibald George Stuart 13th Earl of Moray 1810 1872 George Philip Stuart 14th Earl of Moray 1816 1895 Edmund Archibald Stuart 15th Earl of Moray 1840 1901 Francis James Stuart 16th Earl of Moray 1842 1909 Morton Gray Stuart 17th Earl of Moray 1855 1930 Francis Douglas Stuart 18th Earl of Moray 1892 1943 Archibald John Morton Stuart 19th Earl of Moray 1894 1974 Douglas John Moray Stuart 20th Earl of Moray 1928 2011 John Douglas Stuart 21st Earl of Moray b 1966 Present peer editJohn Douglas Stuart 21st Earl of Moray born 29 August 1966 is the only son of the 20th Earl of Moray and Lady Malvina Dorothea Murray elder daughter of Mungo Murray 7th Earl of Mansfield Known as Lord Doune between 1974 and 2011 he was educated at Loretto School and University College London graduating BA in History of Art In 2003 he lived at Doune Park Perthshire On 23 September 2011 he succeeded to the peerages of his father On 1 July 2000 he married Catherine Jane Lawson daughter of Professor Wilfred Alan Lawson of Cloncallow County Wicklow and they have three sons 5 James Douglas Stuart Lord Doune born 2002 heir apparent Alexander Francis Alan Stuart born 2004 Frederick Charles Randolph Stuart born 2006 See also editViscount Stuart of Findhorn Clan Stewart Doune Castle Castle Stuart MondegreenReferences edit Mosley Charles ed 2003 Burke s Peerage Baronetage amp Knighthood 107 ed Burke s Peerage amp Gentry pp 2762 2761 ISBN 0 9711966 2 1 a b Balfour Paul James 1904 The Scots Peerage Edinburgh D Douglas pp 314 315 Retrieved 28 March 2018 a b c d Oxford Companion to Scottish History Edited by Michael Lynch Oxford University Press pp 428 430 ISBN 978 0 19 923482 0 Balfour Paul James 1904 The Scots Peerage Edinburgh D Douglas pp 298 307 Retrieved 11 July 2023 Burke s Peerage volume 2 2003 p 2762External links editMoray Estates Development Company which manages the family properties Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Earl of Moray amp oldid 1164837786, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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