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1992 Summer Paralympics

January 01, 1970

The 1992 Summer Paralympics (Spanish: Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992; Catalan: Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992) were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. In addition, the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital, Madrid.[2]

IX Paralympic Games
Host cityBarcelona and Madrid, Spain
MottoSport Without Limits
(Catalan: Esport Sense Límits)
(Spanish: Deporte Sin Límites)
Nations82 (BCN)
75 (MAD)[1]
Athletes3,020 (BCN)
1,600 (MAD)[1][2]
Events487 in 15 sports (BCN)
68 in 5 sports (MAD)
Opening3 September (BCN)
15 September (MAD)
Closing14 September (BCN)
22 September (MAD)
Opened by
Queen Sofía
Cauldron
Antonio Rebollo (BCN)
Coral Bistuer (MAD)
StadiumEstadi Olímpic de Montjuïc (BCN)
Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid (MAD)
Summer
Winter
1992 Summer Olympics

Host city selection edit

Barcelona is the second-largest city in Spain and the capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia, and the hometown of then-IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch and the famous European club, FC Barcelona that from the beginning of the candidacy provided support and financially helped the project. The city was also a host for the 1982 FIFA World Cup with two venues who were also used during the games. On 17 October 1986, Barcelona was selected to host the 1992 Summer Olympics over Amsterdam, Netherlands; Belgrade, Yugoslavia; Birmingham, United Kingdom; Brisbane, Australia; and Paris, France, during the 91st IOC Session in Lausanne, Switzerland.[3] With 85 out of 89 members of the IOC voting by secret ballot, Barcelona won a majority of 47 votes. Samaranch abstained from voting. In the same IOC meeting, Albertville, France, won the right to host the 1992 Winter Games. Paris and Brisbane would eventually be selected to host the 2024 and 2032 Summer Paralympics respectively.[4]

Barcelona had previously bid for the 1936 Summer Olympics that were ultimately held in Berlin.

1992 Summer Olympics bidding results[5]
City NOC Name Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6
Barcelona   Spain 29 37 47 57 67 85
Paris   France 19 20 23 18 18 -
Brisbane   Australia 11 9 10 10 - -
Belgrade   Yugoslavia 13 11 5 - - -
Birmingham   Great Britain 8 8 — - - -
Amsterdam   Netherlands 5 — — - - -

During the Olympic bid process, Barcelona demonstrated itself to be open and motivated to host the Paralympic Games and, unlike previous host cities,the bidding Committee managed to establish good relations with the then International Coordination Committee (ICC).Shortly after the selection of the Olympic host city in September 1986, negotiations with the ICC began under the mediation of Juan Antonio Samaranch.

In a innovative and risky way, Barcelona was presenting an adapted version of its Olympic project in which for the first time in history, the Olympic and Paralympic Games would be managed, planned and executed by the same people without any type of differentiation. Furthermore, unlike Seoul, Paralympic athletes would have the same conditions and opportunities as their Olympic counterparts. This involved the fact that the athletes would compete in the same venues that were already in planning with the maximum accessibility factors in force at the time, they would also have access to the same Olympic village and all the services and actions by the organizers.[6]

Sports edit

The games consisted of 560 events spread over fifteen sports. Powerlifting and weightlifting were considered to be a single sport. Wheelchair tennis, a demonstration sport at the 1988 Summer Paralympics, was contested as an official medal sport for the first time. This was the first time that lawn bowls and snooker were dropped from the Summer Paralympic Games program.[1]

Venues edit

In total 11 venues were used at the 1992 Summer Olympics and one new one was used at the Games in Barcelona.[7]

Montjuic edit

Parc del Mar edit

Vall d'Hebron edit

In the north of the city, the Horta-Guinardó District, hosted three sports:

Other Venues edit

Madrid edit

Medal count edit

Main article: 1992 Summer Paralympics medal table

A total of 1710 medals were awarded during the 1992 games: 555 gold, 557 silver, and 594 bronze. The United States topped the medal count with more gold medals, more silver medals, and more medals overall than any other nation. Germany took the most bronze medals, with 59.[8] The Madrid medals are counted too and added in the table[2] In the table below, the ranking sorts by the number of gold medals earned by a nation (in this context a nation is an entity represented by a National Paralympic Committee).

  Host country (Spain)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  United States (USA)755248175
2  Germany (GER)615159171
3  Great Britain (GBR)425145138
4  Spain (ESP)*393249120
5  Australia (AUS)373736110
6  France (FRA)363635107
7  Canada (CAN)29232981
8  Unified Team (EUN)19151650
9  Sweden (SWE)16331968
10  China (CHN)168731
Totals (10 entries)3703383431051

Participating delegations edit

103 delegations participated at the 1992 Summer Paralympics.

South Africa returned to the Paralympics for the first time since being declared "undesirable" due to its policy of apartheid in 1980.[9][10] Countries who made their first appearances in the Barcelona Games were Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Chinese Taipei, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Iraq, Myanmar, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Seychelles, Tanzania, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay and Yemen.

Germany competed as a reunified country for the first time in the Summer Paralympics after the Fall of the Berlin Wall. Latvia and Lithuania competed as independent countries for the first time due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union (Estonia having competed independently at the 1992 Winter Paralympics as well), while Croatia and Slovenia did the same due to the dissolution of Yugoslavia. The remainder of Yugoslavia competed as Independent Paralympic Participants due to sanctions. Some former Soviet republics competed as a Unified Team (consisting of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine)[citation needed], all of whom would compete independently by the 1996 Games.

Twenty-one countries did not send a delegation to Barcelona, but sent one to Madrid; they were: Aruba, Bolivia, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, El Salvador, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Philippines, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Suriname and Zimbabwe.[2]

Mascot edit

Main article: Cobi and Petra

The official mascot was Petra, an armless girl designed by Javier Mariscal.

Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap edit

The first Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympic games in the Spanish capital of Madrid from 15 to 22 September.[11] Over 1,400 athletes from 74 nations participated in the competition, which was sponsored by the Association Nacional Prestura de Servicio (ANDE) and sanctioned by the International Coordinating Committee of World Sport Organizations for the Disabled and the International Association of Sport for the Mentally Handicapped. The games featured a cultural exchange group, a group of intellectually disabled men from Nagasaki who played taiko (traditional drums) during the opening and closing ceremonies and selected track events.[2][12]

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1992 Summer Paralympics.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Barcelona 1992 – General Information". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Madrid 1992 – the Paralympic Games that time forgot!". Paralympicanorak.wordpress.com. 25 June 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  3. ^ . Aldaver.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  4. ^ Miller, Judith (18 October 1986). "Barcelona gets 1992 Summer Olympics" (Archives). The New York Times.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 30 June 2011.
  6. ^ Brittain, Ian (2012). From Stoke Mandeville to Stratford : a history of the summer paralympic games (PDF). Champaign, Illinois: Common Ground Publishing LLC. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-86335-988-7.
  7. ^ elmundodeportivo.es. "Sedes e instalaciones". Retrieved 5 October 2009.
  8. ^ "Medal Standings – Barcelona 1992 Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  9. ^ "'The Netherlands against Apartheid' – 1970s", International Institute of Social History
  10. ^ South Africa at the Paralympics, International Paralympic Committee
  11. ^ Yabe, Kyonosuke; Kusano, Katsuhiko; Nakata, Hideo (2012). Adapted Physical Activity: Health and Fitness. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 23. ISBN 978-4-431-68272-1.
  12. ^ DePauw, Karen P; Rich, Sarah (Winter 1993). "Paralympics for the mentally handicapped". Palaestra. Vol. 9, no. 2. pp. 59–64.
Preceded by Summer Paralympics
Barcelona–Madrid
IX Paralympic Summer Games (1992) 		Succeeded by

January 01, 1970
1992, summer, paralympics, spanish, juegos, paralímpicos, verano, 1992, catalan, jocs, paralímpics, estiu, 1992, were, ninth, paralympic, games, held, they, were, held, barcelona, catalonia, spain, addition, 1992, paralympic, games, persons, with, mental, hand. The 1992 Summer Paralympics Spanish Juegos Paralimpicos de Verano de 1992 Catalan Jocs Paralimpics d estiu de 1992 were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held They were held in Barcelona Catalonia Spain In addition the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital Madrid 2 IX Paralympic GamesHost cityBarcelona and Madrid SpainMottoSport Without Limits Catalan Esport Sense Limits Spanish Deporte Sin Limites Nations82 BCN 75 MAD 1 Athletes3 020 BCN 1 600 MAD 1 2 Events487 in 15 sports BCN 68 in 5 sports MAD Opening3 September BCN 15 September MAD Closing14 September BCN 22 September MAD Opened byQueen SofiaCauldronAntonio Rebollo BCN Coral Bistuer MAD StadiumEstadi Olimpic de Montjuic BCN Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid MAD Summer Seoul 1988Atlanta 1996 Winter Tignes Albertville 1992Lillehammer 1994 1992 Summer Olympics Contents 1 Host city selection 2 Sports 3 Venues 3 1 Montjuic 3 2 Parc del Mar 3 3 Vall d Hebron 3 4 Other Venues 3 5 Madrid 4 Medal count 5 Participating delegations 6 Mascot 7 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap 8 See also 9 ReferencesHost city selection editBarcelona is the second largest city in Spain and the capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia and the hometown of then IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch and the famous European club FC Barcelona that from the beginning of the candidacy provided support and financially helped the project The city was also a host for the 1982 FIFA World Cup with two venues who were also used during the games On 17 October 1986 Barcelona was selected to host the 1992 Summer Olympics over Amsterdam Netherlands Belgrade Yugoslavia Birmingham United Kingdom Brisbane Australia and Paris France during the 91st IOC Session in Lausanne Switzerland 3 With 85 out of 89 members of the IOC voting by secret ballot Barcelona won a majority of 47 votes Samaranch abstained from voting In the same IOC meeting Albertville France won the right to host the 1992 Winter Games Paris and Brisbane would eventually be selected to host the 2024 and 2032 Summer Paralympics respectively 4 Barcelona had previously bid for the 1936 Summer Olympics that were ultimately held in Berlin 1992 Summer Olympics bidding results 5 City NOC Name Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Barcelona nbsp Spain 29 37 47 57 67 85 Paris nbsp France 19 20 23 18 18 Brisbane nbsp Australia 11 9 10 10 Belgrade nbsp Yugoslavia 13 11 5 Birmingham nbsp Great Britain 8 8 Amsterdam nbsp Netherlands 5 During the Olympic bid process Barcelona demonstrated itself to be open and motivated to host the Paralympic Games and unlike previous host cities the bidding Committee managed to establish good relations with the then International Coordination Committee ICC Shortly after the selection of the Olympic host city in September 1986 negotiations with the ICC began under the mediation of Juan Antonio Samaranch In a innovative and risky way Barcelona was presenting an adapted version of its Olympic project in which for the first time in history the Olympic and Paralympic Games would be managed planned and executed by the same people without any type of differentiation Furthermore unlike Seoul Paralympic athletes would have the same conditions and opportunities as their Olympic counterparts This involved the fact that the athletes would compete in the same venues that were already in planning with the maximum accessibility factors in force at the time they would also have access to the same Olympic village and all the services and actions by the organizers 6 Sports editThe games consisted of 560 events spread over fifteen sports Powerlifting and weightlifting were considered to be a single sport Wheelchair tennis a demonstration sport at the 1988 Summer Paralympics was contested as an official medal sport for the first time This was the first time that lawn bowls and snooker were dropped from the Summer Paralympic Games program 1 Archery Athletics Basketball ID Boccia Cycling Football 7 a side Indoor Football Goalball Judo Lifting Powerlifting Weightlifting Shooting Swimming Table tennis Volleyball Wheelchair basketball Wheelchair fencing Wheelchair tennisVenues editIn total 11 venues were used at the 1992 Summer Olympics and one new one was used at the Games in Barcelona 7 Montjuic edit Estadi Olimpic de Montjuic opening closing ceremonies athletics Palau Sant Jordi Main Hall table tennis Auxiliary Hall volleyball Piscines Bernat Picornell swimming INEFC Hall 1 wheelchair fencing Hall 2 judo Estadi Pau Negre football 7 side Pavello de l Espanya Industrial powerlifting and weightlifting Mataro athletics marathon start Parc del Mar edit Pavello de la Mar Bella boccia Vall d Hebron edit In the north of the city the Horta Guinardo District hosted three sports Camp Olimpic de Tir amb Arc archery Pavello de la Vall d Hebron goalball Tennis de la Vall d Hebron wheelchair tennis Other Venues edit Badalona Palau Municipal d Esports de Badalona wheelchair basketball Camp de Tir Olimpic de Mollet shooting Sant Sadurni Cycling Circuit cycling individual road race Madrid edit Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid basketball opening and closing ceremonies Ciudad de los Poetas High School basketball University City of Madrid basketball Universidad Politecnica de Madrid athletics M86 Swimming Center swimming University of Madrid football Consejo Superior de Deportes table tennis and footballMedal count editMain article 1992 Summer Paralympics medal table A total of 1710 medals were awarded during the 1992 games 555 gold 557 silver and 594 bronze The United States topped the medal count with more gold medals more silver medals and more medals overall than any other nation Germany took the most bronze medals with 59 8 The Madrid medals are counted too and added in the table 2 In the table below the ranking sorts by the number of gold medals earned by a nation in this context a nation is an entity represented by a National Paralympic Committee Host country Spain RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal1 nbsp United States USA 7552481752 nbsp Germany GER 6151591713 nbsp Great Britain GBR 4251451384 nbsp Spain ESP 3932491205 nbsp Australia AUS 3737361106 nbsp France FRA 3636351077 nbsp Canada CAN 292329818 nbsp Unified Team EUN 191516509 nbsp Sweden SWE 1633196810 nbsp China CHN 168731Totals 10 entries 3703383431051Participating delegations edit103 delegations participated at the 1992 Summer Paralympics South Africa returned to the Paralympics for the first time since being declared undesirable due to its policy of apartheid in 1980 9 10 Countries who made their first appearances in the Barcelona Games were Algeria Burkina Faso Chile Chinese Taipei Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Iraq Myanmar Namibia Nigeria Pakistan Panama Seychelles Tanzania Turkey United Arab Emirates Uruguay and Yemen Germany competed as a reunified country for the first time in the Summer Paralympics after the Fall of the Berlin Wall Latvia and Lithuania competed as independent countries for the first time due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union Estonia having competed independently at the 1992 Winter Paralympics as well while Croatia and Slovenia did the same due to the dissolution of Yugoslavia The remainder of Yugoslavia competed as Independent Paralympic Participants due to sanctions Some former Soviet republics competed as a Unified Team consisting of Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Kyrgyzstan Moldova Russia and Ukraine citation needed all of whom would compete independently by the 1996 Games Twenty one countries did not send a delegation to Barcelona but sent one to Madrid they were Aruba Bolivia Cote d Ivoire Curacao El Salvador Fiji Ghana Guatemala Honduras Jordan Lebanon Malta Nicaragua Paraguay Philippines Romania Saudi Arabia Sierra Leone Sri Lanka Suriname and Zimbabwe 2 nbsp Algeria 8 nbsp Argentina 27 nbsp Australia 134 nbsp Austria 36 nbsp Bahrain 4 nbsp Belgium 73 nbsp Brazil 41 nbsp Bulgaria 7 nbsp Burkina Faso 3 nbsp Canada 138 nbsp Chile 2 nbsp China 24 nbsp Chinese Taipei 11 nbsp Colombia 6 nbsp Costa Rica 2 nbsp Croatia 6 nbsp Cuba 10 nbsp Cyprus 4 nbsp Czechoslovakia 29 nbsp Denmark 43 nbsp Dominican Republic 1 nbsp Ecuador 3 nbsp Egypt 41 nbsp Estonia 6 nbsp Faroe Islands 3 nbsp Finland 67 nbsp France 145 nbsp Germany 238 nbsp Great Britain 208 nbsp Greece 7 nbsp Hong Kong 21 nbsp Hungary 43 nbsp Iceland 12 nbsp Independent Paralympic Participants 16 nbsp India 9 nbsp Iran 29 nbsp Iraq 18 nbsp Ireland 58 nbsp Israel 62 nbsp Italy 87 nbsp Jamaica 4 nbsp Japan 76 nbsp Kenya 15 nbsp Kuwait 24 nbsp Latvia 2 nbsp Liechtenstein 3 nbsp Lithuania 4 nbsp Luxembourg 2 nbsp Macau 2 nbsp Malaysia 10 nbsp Mexico 19 nbsp Morocco 5 nbsp Myanmar 1 nbsp Namibia 2 nbsp Netherlands 99 nbsp New Zealand 13 nbsp Nigeria 6 nbsp Norway 38 nbsp Oman 4 nbsp Pakistan 2 nbsp Panama 2 nbsp Philippines 1 nbsp Poland 40 nbsp Portugal 30 nbsp Puerto Rico 9 nbsp Seychelles 2 nbsp Singapore 4 nbsp Slovenia 8 nbsp South Africa 10 nbsp South Korea 66 nbsp Spain 233 nbsp Sweden 99 nbsp Switzerland 41 nbsp Syria 2 nbsp Tanzania 1 nbsp Thailand 5 nbsp Tunisia 1 nbsp Turkey 1 nbsp Unified Team 62 nbsp United Arab Emirates 1 nbsp United States 354 nbsp Uruguay 2 nbsp Venezuela 10 nbsp Yemen 3 Mascot editMain article Cobi and Petra The official mascot was Petra an armless girl designed by Javier Mariscal Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap editThe first Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympic games in the Spanish capital of Madrid from 15 to 22 September 11 Over 1 400 athletes from 74 nations participated in the competition which was sponsored by the Association Nacional Prestura de Servicio ANDE and sanctioned by the International Coordinating Committee of World Sport Organizations for the Disabled and the International Association of Sport for the Mentally Handicapped The games featured a cultural exchange group a group of intellectually disabled men from Nagasaki who played taiko traditional drums during the opening and closing ceremonies and selected track events 2 12 See also edit nbsp Sports portal nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1992 Summer Paralympics 1992 Summer Olympics 1992 Winter Paralympics Cheating at the Paralympic GamesReferences edit a b c Barcelona 1992 General Information International Paralympic Committee 2008 Retrieved 12 July 2011 a b c d e Madrid 1992 the Paralympic Games that time forgot Paralympicanorak wordpress com 25 June 2012 Retrieved 13 October 2012 IOC Vote History Aldaver com Archived from the original on 25 May 2008 Retrieved 4 December 2011 Miller Judith 18 October 1986 Barcelona gets 1992 Summer Olympics Archives The New York Times Past Olympic Host City Election Results Archived from the original on 30 June 2011 Brittain Ian 2012 From Stoke Mandeville to Stratford a history of the summer paralympic games PDF Champaign Illinois Common Ground Publishing LLC p 204 ISBN 978 1 86335 988 7 elmundodeportivo es Sedes e instalaciones Retrieved 5 October 2009 Medal Standings Barcelona 1992 Paralympic Games International Paralympic Committee 2008 Retrieved 12 July 2011 The Netherlands against Apartheid 1970s International Institute of Social History South Africa at the Paralympics International Paralympic Committee Yabe Kyonosuke Kusano Katsuhiko Nakata Hideo 2012 Adapted Physical Activity Health and Fitness Springer Science amp Business Media p 23 ISBN 978 4 431 68272 1 DePauw Karen P Rich Sarah Winter 1993 Paralympics for the mentally handicapped Palaestra Vol 9 no 2 pp 59 64 Preceded bySeoul Summer Paralympics Barcelona MadridIX Paralympic Summer Games 1992 Succeeded byAtlanta Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1992 Summer Paralympics amp oldid 1225607050, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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