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University City of Madrid

January 01, 1970

For the Madrid ward/barrio, see Ciudad Universitaria (Madrid).

The University City of Madrid (Spanish: Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid), also called the Campus de Moncloa, is a complex in the Moncloa-Aravaca district of Madrid, Spain, that holds buildings of two universities and several related organizations. The campus was built between 1929 and 1936, when the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) broke out. It was the scene of much fighting during the Civil War and was badly damaged. The original buildings were repaired or rebuilt after the Civil War and new buildings were added.

University City of Madrid
UCM Faculty of Medicine
Project
Websitewww.campusmoncloa.es
Location
Coordinates: 40°26′38″N 3°43′34″W / 40.443772°N 3.726136°W / 40.443772; -3.726136
CountrySpain
CityMadrid
DistrictMoncloa-Aravaca

Planning edit

The project to build the Ciudad Universitaria in the northwest of Madrid had its origins in 1911, when a commission was formed to consider building a clinical hospital for Madrid.[1] By the 1920s there were many problems with university education in Madrid. Faculties were scattered throughout the city in outdated buildings. With few exceptions these could not accommodate the needs of disciplines such as Science, Medicine and Architecture for laboratories, studios and so on.[2] King Alfonso XIII of Spain developed the concept of the University City in the summer of 1924. On 17 May 1927 he signed a royal decree that established the Construction Board of the University City of Madrid. The king would preside over the board.[3]

A planning committee was established under the technical supervision of architect Modesto López Otero.[4] He formed a diverse team of young architects to design the various buildings, including Manuel Sánchez Arcas.[5] José Casares Gil, Modesto López Oteri, Julio Palacios and Antonia Simonena were tasked with research of the most respected universities of Europe and North America.[6] After studying several famous universities in Europe, they travelled to North America in November 1927 where they visited Yale, Harvard, M.I.T. and universities in Montreal, Toronto, Michigan, Rochester, Washington, Baltimore, Princeton, and New York City.[5] The University City was planned in 1927–28. A final ideal perspective was created in December 1928.[7] The plan was completed in 1929.[1]

Land owned by the crown in La Moncloa was granted for the site and funding was obtained from the lottery, grants by the king and private donations.[1] The campus covered 320 hectares (790 acres) on a site in the western margin of Madrid, on a plan that drew much from American models.[7] The building designs were influenced by European avant-garde architecture of the period, and the overall layout kept the campus closely integrated with the city of Madrid.[8] The concept was a self-contained urban area including buildings to house the academic faculties, administrative buildings, staff and student residences and sport and leisure facilities.[1] In 1928 design began on the Science and Medical Group complexes.[1]

Initial development edit

Construction of the University City began in 1929.[8] A committee was formed to oversee the work, the Junta de Construcción de la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid.[1] The engineer Eduardo Torroja joined the group in 1929. He worked with Sánchez Arcas, sharing his interest in new architectural forms that rejected preconceived formulas.[9] In 1930 the architects Agustín Aguirre and Mariano Garrigues were commissioned to build the Faculty of Pharmacy and Miguel Santos was chosen for the Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry.[1] The first collaborative work of Torroja and Sanchez Arcas was the pavilion of the Construction Commission of the university city, completed in June 1931.[10] They also worked on the heating plant (Central Térmica) and the clinical hospital for the university city.[11]

José María Aguirre Gonzalo and Alejandro San Román had founded the Agromán construction company in 1927. In its early years Agromán obtained major contracts in public works and buildings, and was involved in some important projects in the 1930s including the University City of Madrid.[12]

The majority of the buildings were erected during the Second Spanish Republic, which was founded in 1931. In 1932 the Clinical Hospital was built to the design of Sánchez Arcas and Torroja, and work started on Agustín Aguirre's Faculty of Philosophy and Liberal Arts. In 1933 construction began on the Science Complex and on the School of Architecture under Pascual Bravo. Student Residences designed by Luis Lacasa were built in 1935, after which the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) brought work to a halt.[1]

Civil War edit

During the Civil War the University City was the scene of intense fighting during the Battle of Ciudad Universitaria between 15 and 23 November 1936. The Republican militias managed to halt the columns at the command of General Varela and avoid the fall of Madrid into rebel hands.[13] Until then the Francoist troops had been advancing relatively unopposed across Spain, conquering large swathes of territory in a few months. At the Ciudad Universitaria for the first time they encountered fierce opposition.[14] The famous anarchist Buenaventura Durruti died during the fighting on 20 November 1936.[15]

Members of the International Brigades recall building barricades of books. According to the young volunteer John Sommerfield, volumes of Hindu metaphysics and German philosophy of the early nineteenth century in the Philosophy building were "totally bulletproof." Another volunteer recalled that the main weapons were not guns but hand grenades and dynamite. At times the Fascists held one part of a building while the Republicans held another part.[16] After the fascist advance was halted the University City remained divided between the opposing sides for the remainder of the war.[17] The building-by-building, room by room fighting in the Siege of Leningrad has been compared to the struggle for the University City.[18][19] Most of the buildings were entirely or partially destroyed by bombs.[20]

Post-war construction edit

A 1940 law formed a new University City Committee, with López Otero and Pedro Muguruza as directing architects. A scale model was made showing the buildings that had been designed and others that were planned for future construction. Work began on the Forestry and Naval Engineering faculties in 1942, and additional buildings were designed an built in the following years. At the start of the 1960s there was a change in philosophy, and rather than attempt unity among the buildings each new structure was designed to be distinctive and unrelated to the others. More land was assigned to the University City, some of it used for research facilities and student dormitories.[1]

Some of the notable architects in the post-war period included Miguel Fisac, José Maria Garcia de Paredes, Rafael de la Hoz, Alfonso D’Escragnolle, Javier Carvajal, García de Paredes, Asís Cabrero, Luis Laorga, José López Zanón, Antonio Fernández-Alba, José Luis Fernández del Amo, Horacio Baliero, Carmen Córdova, Fernando Moreno Barberá, Fernando Higueras, Antonio Miró, Alejandro de la Sota, José Antonio López Candeira, Juan de Haro, Jaime López Asiaín and Ángel Días.[1]

The University City as of 2014 had buildings that were built between 1927 and 2003, including most of the schools and faculties of the Complutense University of Madrid and the Technical University of Madrid. It includes more than thirty student residences, and facilities of the Spanish Open University (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia). There are sports centers and a botanical garden.[21] It is also home to research institutions such as the Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias (INIA).[22]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Breve historia – Campus Moncloa.
  2. ^ Sánchez de Lerín García-Ovies 2000, p. 189.
  3. ^ Campos Calvo-Sotelo 2006, p. xxix.
  4. ^ Sánchez de Lerín García-Ovies 2000, p. 9.
  5. ^ a b Cooke 2007, p. 48.
  6. ^ Campos Calvo-Sotelo 2006, p. xxxvii.
  7. ^ a b Cooke 2007, p. 49.
  8. ^ a b Cooke 2007, p. 50.
  9. ^ Antuña Bernardo 2003, p. 123.
  10. ^ Antuña Bernardo 2003, p. 126.
  11. ^ Manuel Sánchez Arcas – epdlp.
  12. ^ Sánchez Calvo 2015.
  13. ^ Rojo Lluch 1967, p. 55.
  14. ^ Martínez Reverte 2004.
  15. ^ Nelson 2002, p. 290.
  16. ^ Torres 2010.
  17. ^ Nelson 2002, p. 298.
  18. ^ Salisbury 2009, PT177.
  19. ^ Bell 2006, p. 132.
  20. ^ Cooke 2007, p. 52.
  21. ^ Caballol, Rodriguez & Diaz 2014.
  22. ^ Universidad de Excelencia – Campus Moncloa.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid.

Sources edit

  • Antuña Bernardo, Joaquín (2003). "Manuel Sánchez Arcas (1897-1970) y Eduardo Torreja Miret (1899-1961)" (PDF). Colección Arquíthemas (in Spanish) (12). fundación caja de arquitectos. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
  • Bell, J. Bowyer (2006-02-01), Besieged: Seven Cities Under Siege, Transaction Publishers, ISBN 978-1-4128-1797-4, retrieved 2016-03-05
  • Breve historia (in Spanish), Campus Moncloa, retrieved 2016-03-04
  • Caballol, D.; Rodriguez, A.; Diaz, C. (2014-01-31), "Anaysis of the Acoustic Performance of Slabs Regarding Airborne Sound and Impact, at the University City of Madrid", Construction and Building Research, Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 978-94-007-7790-3, retrieved 2016-03-05
  • Campos Calvo-Sotelo, Pablo (2006), The Journey of Utopia: The Story of the First American Style Campus in Europe, Nova Publishers, ISBN 978-1-59454-515-3, retrieved 2016-03-05
  • Cooke, Linda W. (2007), Frontiers in Higher Education, Nova Publishers, ISBN 978-1-60021-113-3, retrieved 2015-09-27
  • "Manuel Sánchez Arcas". epdlp. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
  • Martínez Reverte, Jorge (2004), La Batalla de Madrid, Barcelona: Crítica
  • Nelson, Cary (2002), The Wound and the Dream: Sixty Years of American Poems about the Spanish Civil War, University of Illinois Press, ISBN 978-0-252-07070-9, retrieved 2016-03-05
  • Rojo Lluch, Vicente (1967), Así fue la defensa de Madrid: aportación a la historia de la Guerra de España, 1936–1939 (1 ed.), México: Ediciones Era
  • Salisbury, Harrison (2009-04-29), The 900 Days: The Siege Of Leningrad, Da Capo Press, Incorporated, ISBN 978-0-7867-3024-7, retrieved 2016-03-05
  • Sánchez Calvo, Isabel (2015). "Aguirre Gonzalo, José María (1897-1988)". mcnbiografias.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2015-11-23.
  • Sánchez de Lerín García-Ovies (December 2000), Modesto López Otero Vida y Obra (PDF) (Doctoral Thesis), Madrid, retrieved 2015-09-27{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Torres, Marta (9 December 2010), "Recordando a Bernard Knox. Los brigadistas internacionales y la Biblioteca Universitaria, Madrid, 1936", Biblioteca Histórica de la UCM (in Spanish), retrieved 2016-03-05
  • Universidad de Excelencia. Proyecto: Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) (in Spanish), Campus Moncloa, retrieved 2016-03-05

January 01, 1970
university, city, madrid, madrid, ward, barrio, ciudad, universitaria, madrid, spanish, ciudad, universitaria, madrid, also, called, campus, moncloa, complex, moncloa, aravaca, district, madrid, spain, that, holds, buildings, universities, several, related, or. For the Madrid ward barrio see Ciudad Universitaria Madrid The University City of Madrid Spanish Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid also called the Campus de Moncloa is a complex in the Moncloa Aravaca district of Madrid Spain that holds buildings of two universities and several related organizations The campus was built between 1929 and 1936 when the Spanish Civil War 1936 1939 broke out It was the scene of much fighting during the Civil War and was badly damaged The original buildings were repaired or rebuilt after the Civil War and new buildings were added University City of MadridUCM Faculty of MedicineProjectWebsitewww wbr campusmoncloa wbr esLocationCoordinates 40 26 38 N 3 43 34 W 40 443772 N 3 726136 W 40 443772 3 726136CountrySpainCityMadridDistrictMoncloa Aravaca Contents 1 Planning 2 Initial development 3 Civil War 4 Post war construction 5 Notes 6 SourcesPlanning editThe project to build the Ciudad Universitaria in the northwest of Madrid had its origins in 1911 when a commission was formed to consider building a clinical hospital for Madrid 1 By the 1920s there were many problems with university education in Madrid Faculties were scattered throughout the city in outdated buildings With few exceptions these could not accommodate the needs of disciplines such as Science Medicine and Architecture for laboratories studios and so on 2 King Alfonso XIII of Spain developed the concept of the University City in the summer of 1924 On 17 May 1927 he signed a royal decree that established the Construction Board of the University City of Madrid The king would preside over the board 3 A planning committee was established under the technical supervision of architect Modesto Lopez Otero 4 He formed a diverse team of young architects to design the various buildings including Manuel Sanchez Arcas 5 Jose Casares Gil Modesto Lopez Oteri Julio Palacios and Antonia Simonena were tasked with research of the most respected universities of Europe and North America 6 After studying several famous universities in Europe they travelled to North America in November 1927 where they visited Yale Harvard M I T and universities in Montreal Toronto Michigan Rochester Washington Baltimore Princeton and New York City 5 The University City was planned in 1927 28 A final ideal perspective was created in December 1928 7 The plan was completed in 1929 1 Land owned by the crown in La Moncloa was granted for the site and funding was obtained from the lottery grants by the king and private donations 1 The campus covered 320 hectares 790 acres on a site in the western margin of Madrid on a plan that drew much from American models 7 The building designs were influenced by European avant garde architecture of the period and the overall layout kept the campus closely integrated with the city of Madrid 8 The concept was a self contained urban area including buildings to house the academic faculties administrative buildings staff and student residences and sport and leisure facilities 1 In 1928 design began on the Science and Medical Group complexes 1 Initial development editConstruction of the University City began in 1929 8 A committee was formed to oversee the work the Junta de Construccion de la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid 1 The engineer Eduardo Torroja joined the group in 1929 He worked with Sanchez Arcas sharing his interest in new architectural forms that rejected preconceived formulas 9 In 1930 the architects Agustin Aguirre and Mariano Garrigues were commissioned to build the Faculty of Pharmacy and Miguel Santos was chosen for the Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry 1 The first collaborative work of Torroja and Sanchez Arcas was the pavilion of the Construction Commission of the university city completed in June 1931 10 They also worked on the heating plant Central Termica and the clinical hospital for the university city 11 Jose Maria Aguirre Gonzalo and Alejandro San Roman had founded the Agroman construction company in 1927 In its early years Agroman obtained major contracts in public works and buildings and was involved in some important projects in the 1930s including the University City of Madrid 12 The majority of the buildings were erected during the Second Spanish Republic which was founded in 1931 In 1932 the Clinical Hospital was built to the design of Sanchez Arcas and Torroja and work started on Agustin Aguirre s Faculty of Philosophy and Liberal Arts In 1933 construction began on the Science Complex and on the School of Architecture under Pascual Bravo Student Residences designed by Luis Lacasa were built in 1935 after which the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War 1936 1939 brought work to a halt 1 Civil War editDuring the Civil War the University City was the scene of intense fighting during the Battle of Ciudad Universitaria between 15 and 23 November 1936 The Republican militias managed to halt the columns at the command of General Varela and avoid the fall of Madrid into rebel hands 13 Until then the Francoist troops had been advancing relatively unopposed across Spain conquering large swathes of territory in a few months At the Ciudad Universitaria for the first time they encountered fierce opposition 14 The famous anarchist Buenaventura Durruti died during the fighting on 20 November 1936 15 Members of the International Brigades recall building barricades of books According to the young volunteer John Sommerfield volumes of Hindu metaphysics and German philosophy of the early nineteenth century in the Philosophy building were totally bulletproof Another volunteer recalled that the main weapons were not guns but hand grenades and dynamite At times the Fascists held one part of a building while the Republicans held another part 16 After the fascist advance was halted the University City remained divided between the opposing sides for the remainder of the war 17 The building by building room by room fighting in the Siege of Leningrad has been compared to the struggle for the University City 18 19 Most of the buildings were entirely or partially destroyed by bombs 20 Post war construction editA 1940 law formed a new University City Committee with Lopez Otero and Pedro Muguruza as directing architects A scale model was made showing the buildings that had been designed and others that were planned for future construction Work began on the Forestry and Naval Engineering faculties in 1942 and additional buildings were designed an built in the following years At the start of the 1960s there was a change in philosophy and rather than attempt unity among the buildings each new structure was designed to be distinctive and unrelated to the others More land was assigned to the University City some of it used for research facilities and student dormitories 1 Some of the notable architects in the post war period included Miguel Fisac Jose Maria Garcia de Paredes Rafael de la Hoz Alfonso D Escragnolle Javier Carvajal Garcia de Paredes Asis Cabrero Luis Laorga Jose Lopez Zanon Antonio Fernandez Alba Jose Luis Fernandez del Amo Horacio Baliero Carmen Cordova Fernando Moreno Barbera Fernando Higueras Antonio Miro Alejandro de la Sota Jose Antonio Lopez Candeira Juan de Haro Jaime Lopez Asiain and Angel Dias 1 The University City as of 2014 had buildings that were built between 1927 and 2003 including most of the schools and faculties of the Complutense University of Madrid and the Technical University of Madrid It includes more than thirty student residences and facilities of the Spanish Open University Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia There are sports centers and a botanical garden 21 It is also home to research institutions such as the Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas CIEMAT Spanish National Research Council CSIC and Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias INIA 22 Notes edit a b c d e f g h i j Breve historia Campus Moncloa Sanchez de Lerin Garcia Ovies 2000 p 189 Campos Calvo Sotelo 2006 p xxix Sanchez de Lerin Garcia Ovies 2000 p 9 a b Cooke 2007 p 48 Campos Calvo Sotelo 2006 p xxxvii a b Cooke 2007 p 49 a b Cooke 2007 p 50 Antuna Bernardo 2003 p 123 Antuna Bernardo 2003 p 126 Manuel Sanchez Arcas epdlp Sanchez Calvo 2015 Rojo Lluch 1967 p 55 Martinez Reverte 2004 Nelson 2002 p 290 Torres 2010 Nelson 2002 p 298 Salisbury 2009 PT177 Bell 2006 p 132 Cooke 2007 p 52 Caballol Rodriguez amp Diaz 2014 Universidad de Excelencia Campus Moncloa nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid Sources editAntuna Bernardo Joaquin 2003 Manuel Sanchez Arcas 1897 1970 y Eduardo Torreja Miret 1899 1961 PDF Coleccion Arquithemas in Spanish 12 fundacion caja de arquitectos Retrieved 2015 08 08 Bell J Bowyer 2006 02 01 Besieged Seven Cities Under Siege Transaction Publishers ISBN 978 1 4128 1797 4 retrieved 2016 03 05 Breve historia in Spanish Campus Moncloa retrieved 2016 03 04 Caballol D Rodriguez A Diaz C 2014 01 31 Anaysis of the Acoustic Performance of Slabs Regarding Airborne Sound and Impact at the University City of Madrid Construction and Building Research Springer Science amp Business Media ISBN 978 94 007 7790 3 retrieved 2016 03 05 Campos Calvo Sotelo Pablo 2006 The Journey of Utopia The Story of the First American Style Campus in Europe Nova Publishers ISBN 978 1 59454 515 3 retrieved 2016 03 05 Cooke Linda W 2007 Frontiers in Higher Education Nova Publishers ISBN 978 1 60021 113 3 retrieved 2015 09 27 Manuel Sanchez Arcas epdlp Retrieved 2015 08 08 Martinez Reverte Jorge 2004 La Batalla de Madrid Barcelona Critica Nelson Cary 2002 The Wound and the Dream Sixty Years of American Poems about the Spanish Civil War University of Illinois Press ISBN 978 0 252 07070 9 retrieved 2016 03 05 Rojo Lluch Vicente 1967 Asi fue la defensa de Madrid aportacion a la historia de la Guerra de Espana 1936 1939 1 ed Mexico Ediciones Era Salisbury Harrison 2009 04 29 The 900 Days The Siege Of Leningrad Da Capo Press Incorporated ISBN 978 0 7867 3024 7 retrieved 2016 03 05 Sanchez Calvo Isabel 2015 Aguirre Gonzalo Jose Maria 1897 1988 mcnbiografias com in Spanish Retrieved 2015 11 23 Sanchez de Lerin Garcia Ovies December 2000 Modesto Lopez Otero Vida y Obra PDF Doctoral Thesis Madrid retrieved 2015 09 27 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Torres Marta 9 December 2010 Recordando a Bernard Knox Los brigadistas internacionales y la Biblioteca Universitaria Madrid 1936 Biblioteca Historica de la UCM in Spanish retrieved 2016 03 05 Universidad de Excelencia Proyecto Campus de Excelencia Internacional CEI in Spanish Campus Moncloa retrieved 2016 03 05 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title University City of Madrid amp oldid 1159321220, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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