The name originates from old Javanese words, baju comes from waju meaning jacket, clothing or apparel,[1]: 2174 meanwhile rantai comes from rante, rantay, or ranti which mean chain, string, or wreath.[1]: 1504
Description
The Baju Rantai is a chain armor that is worked in the form of a shirt. It consists of small iron rings. It has no collar and sleeves that reach about to the elbow. The lower end is approximately at the height of the thighs. It is used by various ethnic groups in Indonesia.[2]
History
A sketch of waju ronte, from Bone area of South Sulawesi
A bugis chainmail armor.
One of the earliest mention of Baju Rantai is in Kidung Ranggalawe, a javanese kidung text that tells about the rebellion of Ranggalawe against Majapahit in 1295 A.D.. The name in the text is waju rante, which means apparel consisting of iron chains. Zoetmulder noted the use of special apparel for soldiers: In his research about old Javanese he found a troops called bala winaju gangsa ranti,[3]: 1370 which means soldier dressed with gangsaranti. Gangsa (from sanskrit: kangśa) refers to a kind of copper and leadalloy,[3]: 275 while ranti means chain.[3]: 919
The Hikayat Banjar noted the Bhayangkara equipments in the Majapahit palace, which includes:
Maka kaluar dangan parhiasannya orang barbaju-rantai ampat puluh sarta padangnya barkupiah taranggos sakhlat merah, orang mambawa astenggar ampat puluh, orang mambawa parisai sarta padangnya ampat puluh, orang mambawa dadap sarta sodoknya sapuluh, orang mambawa panah sarta anaknya sapuluh, yang mambawa tumbak parampukan barsulam amas ampat puluh, yang mambawa tameng Bali bartulis air mas ampat puluh. So came out with their ornaments men with chain mail numbered forty alongside their swords and red kopiah [skull cap], men carrying astengger [arquebus] numbered forty, men carrying shield and swords numbered forty, men carrying dadap [a type of shield][i] and sodok [broad-bladed spear-like weapon][ii] numbered ten, men carrying bows and arrows numbered ten, (men) who carried parampukan spears[iii] embroidered with gold numbered forty, (men) who carried Balinese shields with golden water engraving numbered forty. — Hikayat Banjar, 6.3[9]: Line 1209–1214 [10]: 204–205
Two related ethnic communities of South Sulawesi, the Bugis and Makassarese, also adopted chain mail armor which they call as waju rante or waju ronte. The armor is made by string of iron rings tied together, which makes it similar to knitwork.[11]: 39 The Bugis and Makassarese soldiers were known for using chain mail and muskets which they made themselves.[12]: 431
^Dadap has 2 meanings: In Indonesian language, it refers to round shield made of leather or rattan,[4] while in old Javanese it refers to a long, narrow parrying shield.[5]Dadap in Java seems to refer to a long shield which is quite heavy, probably with protruding ends.[6]
^Rampuk likely derived from Old Javanese rampog and ngrampog, which means "to attack in great numbers". Old Javanese watang parampogan means a pike used in the parampogan, that is, tiger spearing (rampokan macan).[8]
References
^ abZoetmulder, Petrus Josephus (1982). Old Javanese-English dictionary. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. ISBN9024761786.
^Albert G. van Zonneveld: Traditional weapons of the Indonesian archipelago. C. Zwartenkot Art Books, Leiden 2001, ISBN90-5450-004-2, p. 28.
^ abcZoetmulder, Petrus Josephus (1995). Kamus Jawa Kuno – Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
^See the meaning of dadap in Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (2008). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa Edisi Keempat. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Can be accessed online at https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/dadap
^Zoetmulder, Petrus Josephus (1982). Old Javanese-English dictionary. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. p. 345.
^Jákl, Jiří (2014). Literary Representations of War and Warfare in Old Javanese Kakawin Poetry (PhD thesis). The University of Queensland. pp. 77–78.
^Gardner, Gerald Brosseau (1936). Keris and Other Malay Weapons. Singapore: Progressive Publishing Company. p. 85.
^Zoetmulder, Petrus Josephus (1982). Old Javanese-English dictionary. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. p. 1499.
^Ras, Johannes Jacobus, 1968, Hikayat Bandjar. A Study in Malay Historiography. The Hague (Bibliotheca Indonesica, 1)
^Hamid, Pananrangi (1990). Senjata Tradisional Daerah Sulawesi Selatan. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan.
^Tarling, Nicholas, ed. (1992). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume One, From Early Times to c. 1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN0521355052.
Further reading
William G. Shellabear: An English–Malay Dictionary. Methodist Publishing House, Singapore 1916, (Digitalisat).
January 07, 2023
baju, rantai, also, known, badjoe, rante, baju, besi, baju, rante, wadjoe, rante, waju, rante, type, armor, from, nusantara, archipelago, indonesia, malaysia, brunei, philippines, baju, rantai, baju, besi, contents, etymology, description, history, also, notes. The Baju Rantai also known as Badjoe Rante Baju Besi Baju Rante Wadjoe Rante and Waju Rante is a type of armor from Nusantara archipelago Indonesia Malaysia Brunei and Philippines A baju rantai or baju besi Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 History 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further readingEtymology EditThe name originates from old Javanese words baju comes from waju meaning jacket clothing or apparel 1 2174 meanwhile rantai comes from rante rantay or ranti which mean chain string or wreath 1 1504 Description EditThe Baju Rantai is a chain armor that is worked in the form of a shirt It consists of small iron rings It has no collar and sleeves that reach about to the elbow The lower end is approximately at the height of the thighs It is used by various ethnic groups in Indonesia 2 History Edit A sketch of waju ronte from Bone area of South Sulawesi A bugis chainmail armor One of the earliest mention of Baju Rantai is in Kidung Ranggalawe a javanese kidung text that tells about the rebellion of Ranggalawe against Majapahit in 1295 A D The name in the text is waju rante which means apparel consisting of iron chains Zoetmulder noted the use of special apparel for soldiers In his research about old Javanese he found a troops called bala winaju gangsa ranti 3 1370 which means soldier dressed with gangsa ranti Gangsa from sanskrit kangsa refers to a kind of copper and lead alloy 3 275 while ranti means chain 3 919 The Hikayat Banjar noted the Bhayangkara equipments in the Majapahit palace which includes Maka kaluar dangan parhiasannya orang barbaju rantai ampat puluh sarta padangnya barkupiah taranggos sakhlat merah orang mambawa astenggar ampat puluh orang mambawa parisai sarta padangnya ampat puluh orang mambawa dadap sarta sodoknya sapuluh orang mambawa panah sarta anaknya sapuluh yang mambawa tumbak parampukan barsulam amas ampat puluh yang mambawa tameng Bali bartulis air mas ampat puluh So came out with their ornaments men with chain mail numbered forty alongside their swords and red kopiah skull cap men carrying astengger arquebus numbered forty men carrying shield and swords numbered forty men carrying dadap a type of shield i and sodok broad bladed spear like weapon ii numbered ten men carrying bows and arrows numbered ten men who carried parampukan spears iii embroidered with gold numbered forty men who carried Balinese shields with golden water engraving numbered forty Hikayat Banjar 6 3 9 Line 1209 1214 10 204 205 Two related ethnic communities of South Sulawesi the Bugis and Makassarese also adopted chain mail armor which they call as waju rante or waju ronte The armor is made by string of iron rings tied together which makes it similar to knitwork 11 39 The Bugis and Makassarese soldiers were known for using chain mail and muskets which they made themselves 12 431 See also Edit Indonesia portal Malaysia portal Philippines portalBaju lamina Baju empurau Baru Oroba Baru Lema a Karambalangan Kawaca Siping sipingNotes Edit Dadap has 2 meanings In Indonesian language it refers to round shield made of leather or rattan 4 while in old Javanese it refers to a long narrow parrying shield 5 Dadap in Java seems to refer to a long shield which is quite heavy probably with protruding ends 6 For the meaning of sodok see 7 Rampuk likely derived from Old Javanese rampog and ngrampog which means to attack in great numbers Old Javanese watang parampogan means a pike used in the parampogan that is tiger spearing rampokan macan 8 References Edit a b Zoetmulder Petrus Josephus 1982 Old Javanese English dictionary The Hague Martinus Nijhoff ISBN 9024761786 Albert G van Zonneveld Traditional weapons of the Indonesian archipelago C Zwartenkot Art Books Leiden 2001 ISBN 90 5450 004 2 p 28 a b c Zoetmulder Petrus Josephus 1995 Kamus Jawa Kuno Indonesia Jakarta PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama See the meaning of dadap in Departemen Pendidikan Nasional 2008 Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa Edisi Keempat Jakarta PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Can be accessed online at https kbbi kemdikbud go id entri dadap Zoetmulder Petrus Josephus 1982 Old Javanese English dictionary The Hague Martinus Nijhoff p 345 Jakl Jiri 2014 Literary Representations of War and Warfare in Old Javanese Kakawin Poetry PhD thesis The University of Queensland pp 77 78 Gardner Gerald Brosseau 1936 Keris and Other Malay Weapons Singapore Progressive Publishing Company p 85 Zoetmulder Petrus Josephus 1982 Old Javanese English dictionary The Hague Martinus Nijhoff p 1499 Ras Johannes Jacobus 1968 Hikayat Bandjar A Study in Malay Historiography The Hague Bibliotheca Indonesica 1 Nugroho Irawan Djoko 2011 Majapahit Peradaban Maritim Suluh Nuswantara Bakti ISBN 978 602 9346 00 8 Hamid Pananrangi 1990 Senjata Tradisional Daerah Sulawesi Selatan Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Tarling Nicholas ed 1992 The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia Volume One From Early Times to c 1800 Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521355052 Further reading EditWilliam G Shellabear An English Malay Dictionary Methodist Publishing House Singapore 1916 Digitalisat Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baju Rantai amp oldid 1117641401, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
