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Bahvricha Upanishad

January 01, 1970

The Bahvricha Upanishad (Sanskrit: बह्वृच उपनिषद्, IAST: Bahvṛca Upaniṣad) is a medieval era Sanskrit text and one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism.[7] It is classified as one of the eight Shakta Upanishads and attached to the Rigveda.[4]

Bahvricha Upanishad
The Upanishad states the universe began from the feminine
Devanagariबह्वृच
IASTBahvṛca
Title meansOne conversant with Rigveda[1]
Date12th- to 15th-century CE[2]
TypeShakta[3]
Linked VedaRigveda[4]
Chapters1
Verses9[5]
PhilosophyShaktism, Vedanta[6]

The Upanishad is notable for asserting that the Self (soul, Atman) is a Goddess who alone existed before the creation of the universe.[8][9] She is the supreme power, asserts the text, she is the ultimate reality (Brahman), from her being and because of her the universe was born, she is the knowledge, the consciousness and the soul (Atman) of every being.[8][10][11]

The philosophical premises of Bahvricha Upanishad assert the feminine as non-different, non-dual (Advaita) from transcendent reality, she is the primary and the material cause of all existence,[8] and the text belongs to the Shaktadavaitavada tradition (literally, the path of nondualistic Shakti).[12][13]

History edit

Neither the author nor the composition date of Bahvricha Upanishad is known. The text was likely composed, in the same period as other Shakta Upanishads, between the 12th- and 15th-century CE.[2] The text existed before the 14th-century, states Max Muller, as it was referenced by the 13th/14th-century Dvaita Vedanta scholar Madhvacharya.[14]

In 19th-century compilations of the Upanishads, a part of the Aitareya Aranyakas from the Rigveda was sometimes called Aitareya Upanishad, Atmasatka Upanishad and also Bahvricha Upanishad.[15] The Devi-related medieval era Bahvricha Upanishad is different from the ancient BCE era Aitareya Upanishad, but both discuss the nature of Atman (soul, Self).[16][17]

Manuscripts of this text are also found titled as Bahvrcopanisad.[5][18] In the Telugu language anthology of 108 Upanishads of the Muktika canon, narrated by Rama to Hanuman, it is listed at number 107.[19]

Contents edit

The text consists of 9 verses.[5] Some manuscripts include a prelude in the form of an invocation asserting that the Vedas must be imbibed in one's mind, thoughts and speech, and through truth only is peace assured.[3]

The Upanishad opens with the assertion "Devi is one and she alone existed in the beginning",[10] she is Kama (love),[3] and she is Atman (soul, Self),[8][9] The second verse of the Upanishad states that not only Brahma, Vishnu and Rudra are her progeny but every being in the universe is her creation.[3]

The Upanishad describes Devi as identical to all truth and reality, and whatever is not she as unreal, non-truth and non-self.[8] She is the ultimate unchanging reality (Brahman), the consciousness, the bliss who shines by herself. She is everywhere, within and without, asserts the Upanishad.[8] She is pure, she is love and she symbolized as the Tripurasundari goddess is the form of all.[8][10] She is the ardha matra, last half syllable, of the Om syllable. Her Shakti is in Om.[3]

She alone is Atman. Other than She is untruth, non-self. She is Brahman-Consciousness. She is the Vidya of Consciousness, nondual Brahman Consciousness, a wave of Truth-Consciousness-Bliss. The Beauty of the three-great-cities, penetrating without and within, is resplendent, nondual, self-subsisting. What is, is pure Truth; what shines, is pure Consciousness; what is dear, is Bliss. So here is the Maha-Tripura-sundari who assumes all forms. You and I and all the world and all divinities and all besides are the Maha-Tripura-sundari. The sole Truth is the thing named "the Beautiful". It is the nondual, integral, supreme Brahman.

— Bahvricha Upanishad, Verse 5 (Abridged), Translated by AG Krishna Warrier[3][20]

The closing verses of the text asserts that she should be contemplated as "That which I am", as Sodasi and fifteen syllabled Sri Vidya, the power of Savitur, Sarasvati, and Gayatri, the sacred, the mother, the auspicious who chooses her own partner, the mistress, the dark, the light, the Brahmic bliss.[3]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Monier Monier-Williams, Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology, Oxford University Press, Article on Bahv-Bahvṛca, page 726
  2. ^ a b Cush 2007, p. 740.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Warrier 1967, pp. 73–76.
  4. ^ a b Tinoco 1996, p. 88.
  5. ^ a b c Narayanaswami 1999.
  6. ^ Mahadevan 1975, pp. 238–239.
  7. ^ Mahadevan 1975, pp. 234–239.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Mahadevan 1975, p. 237.
  9. ^ a b Muller 1860, p. 323.
  10. ^ a b c Nair 2008, p. 576.
  11. ^ Muller 1860, pp. 321–323.
  12. ^ McDaniel 2004, pp. 89–91.
  13. ^ Mahony 1997, p. 274 with note 73.
  14. ^ Muller 1860, p. 321.
  15. ^ Karl Potter (2008), Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120803107, page 270
  16. ^ Paul Deussen (1997), Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1468-4, pages 7–20
  17. ^ Patrick Olivelle (1998), The Early Upanisads, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195352429, pages 314–323
  18. ^ Vedic Literature, Volume 1, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, p. PA468, at Google Books, Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras, India, pages 268–270, 467–468
  19. ^ Deussen 1997, pp. 556–557.
  20. ^ Narayanaswami,1999, Bahvricha Upanishad, Verse 5, Quote: सैवात्मा ततोऽन्यमसत्यमनात्मा। अत एषा ब्रह्मासंवित्तिर्भावभावकलाविनिर्मुक्ता चिद्विद्याऽद्वितीयब्रह्मसंवित्तिः सच्चिदानन्दलहरी महात्रिपुरसुन्दरी बहिरन्तरनुप्रविश्य स्वयमेकैव विभाति। यदस्ति सन्मात्रम्। यद्विभाति चिन्मात्रम्। यत्प्रियमानन्दं तदेतत् पूर्वाकारा महात्रिपुरसुन्दरी। त्वं चाहं च सर्वं विश्वं सर्वदेवता इतरत्स र्वं महात्रिपुरसुन्दरी। सत्यमेकं ललिताख्यं वस्तु तदद्वितीयमखण्डार्थं परं ब्रह्म।

Bibliography edit

  • Brooks, Douglas Renfrew (1990). The Secret of the Three Cities. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226075693.
  • Brooks, Douglas Renfrew (1992). Auspicious Wisdom. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0791411452.
  • Cush, Denise; et al. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Routledge. ISBN 978-0700712670.
  • Deussen, Paul (1997). Sixty Upanishads of the Veda. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1467-7.
  • Narayanaswami, PP (1999). "बह्वृचोपनिषत् (Bahvricha Upanishad)" (PDF) (in Sanskrit). Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  • Mahadevan, T. M. P. (1975). Upaniṣads: Selections from 108 Upaniṣads. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1611-4.
  • Mahony, William (1997). The Artful Universe: An Introduction to the Vedic Religious Imagination. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0791435809.
  • McDaniel, June (2004). Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-534713-5.
  • Muller, Max (1860). A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781981766918.
  • Nair, Shantha (2008). Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom. Pustak Mahal. ISBN 978-81-223-1020-7.
  • Tinoco, Carlos Alberto (1996). Upanishads. IBRASA. ISBN 978-85-348-0040-2.
  • Warrier, AG Krishna (1967). Śākta Upaniṣads. Adyar Library and Research Center. ISBN 978-0835673181. OCLC 2606086.

January 01, 1970
bahvricha, upanishad, sanskrit, बह, उपन, षद, iast, bahvṛca, upaniṣad, medieval, sanskrit, text, minor, upanishads, hinduism, classified, eight, shakta, upanishads, attached, rigveda, upanishad, states, universe, began, from, femininedevanagariबह, चiastbahvṛcat. The Bahvricha Upanishad Sanskrit बह व च उपन षद IAST Bahvṛca Upaniṣad is a medieval era Sanskrit text and one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism 7 It is classified as one of the eight Shakta Upanishads and attached to the Rigveda 4 Bahvricha UpanishadThe Upanishad states the universe began from the feminineDevanagariबह व चIASTBahvṛcaTitle meansOne conversant with Rigveda 1 Date12th to 15th century CE 2 TypeShakta 3 Linked VedaRigveda 4 Chapters1Verses9 5 PhilosophyShaktism Vedanta 6 The Upanishad is notable for asserting that the Self soul Atman is a Goddess who alone existed before the creation of the universe 8 9 She is the supreme power asserts the text she is the ultimate reality Brahman from her being and because of her the universe was born she is the knowledge the consciousness and the soul Atman of every being 8 10 11 The philosophical premises of Bahvricha Upanishad assert the feminine as non different non dual Advaita from transcendent reality she is the primary and the material cause of all existence 8 and the text belongs to the Shaktadavaitavada tradition literally the path of nondualistic Shakti 12 13 Contents 1 History 2 Contents 3 See also 4 References 4 1 BibliographyHistory editNeither the author nor the composition date of Bahvricha Upanishad is known The text was likely composed in the same period as other Shakta Upanishads between the 12th and 15th century CE 2 The text existed before the 14th century states Max Muller as it was referenced by the 13th 14th century Dvaita Vedanta scholar Madhvacharya 14 In 19th century compilations of the Upanishads a part of the Aitareya Aranyakas from the Rigveda was sometimes called Aitareya Upanishad Atmasatka Upanishad and also Bahvricha Upanishad 15 The Devi related medieval era Bahvricha Upanishad is different from the ancient BCE era Aitareya Upanishad but both discuss the nature of Atman soul Self 16 17 Manuscripts of this text are also found titled as Bahvrcopanisad 5 18 In the Telugu language anthology of 108 Upanishads of the Muktika canon narrated by Rama to Hanuman it is listed at number 107 19 Contents editThe text consists of 9 verses 5 Some manuscripts include a prelude in the form of an invocation asserting that the Vedas must be imbibed in one s mind thoughts and speech and through truth only is peace assured 3 The Upanishad opens with the assertion Devi is one and she alone existed in the beginning 10 she is Kama love 3 and she is Atman soul Self 8 9 The second verse of the Upanishad states that not only Brahma Vishnu and Rudra are her progeny but every being in the universe is her creation 3 The Upanishad describes Devi as identical to all truth and reality and whatever is not she as unreal non truth and non self 8 She is the ultimate unchanging reality Brahman the consciousness the bliss who shines by herself She is everywhere within and without asserts the Upanishad 8 She is pure she is love and she symbolized as the Tripurasundari goddess is the form of all 8 10 She is the ardha matra last half syllable of the Om syllable Her Shakti is in Om 3 She alone is Atman Other than She is untruth non self She is Brahman Consciousness She is the Vidya of Consciousness nondual Brahman Consciousness a wave of Truth Consciousness Bliss The Beauty of the three great cities penetrating without and within is resplendent nondual self subsisting What is is pure Truth what shines is pure Consciousness what is dear is Bliss So here is the Maha Tripura sundari who assumes all forms You and I and all the world and all divinities and all besides are the Maha Tripura sundari The sole Truth is the thing named the Beautiful It is the nondual integral supreme Brahman Bahvricha Upanishad Verse 5 Abridged Translated by AG Krishna Warrier 3 20 The closing verses of the text asserts that she should be contemplated as That which I am as Sodasi and fifteen syllabled Sri Vidya the power of Savitur Sarasvati and Gayatri the sacred the mother the auspicious who chooses her own partner the mistress the dark the light the Brahmic bliss 3 See also editAtharvashiras Upanishad Devi Devi Upanishad Mahanarayana UpanishadReferences edit Monier Monier Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology Oxford University Press Article on Bahv Bahvṛca page 726 a b Cush 2007 p 740 a b c d e f g Warrier 1967 pp 73 76 a b Tinoco 1996 p 88 a b c Narayanaswami 1999 Mahadevan 1975 pp 238 239 Mahadevan 1975 pp 234 239 a b c d e f g Mahadevan 1975 p 237 a b Muller 1860 p 323 a b c Nair 2008 p 576 Muller 1860 pp 321 323 McDaniel 2004 pp 89 91 Mahony 1997 p 274 with note 73 Muller 1860 p 321 Karl Potter 2008 Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 8120803107 page 270 Paul Deussen 1997 Sixty Upanishads of the Veda Volume 1 Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 81 208 1468 4 pages 7 20 Patrick Olivelle 1998 The Early Upanisads Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0195352429 pages 314 323 Vedic Literature Volume 1 A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts p PA468 at Google Books Government of Tamil Nadu Madras India pages 268 270 467 468 Deussen 1997 pp 556 557 Narayanaswami 1999 Bahvricha Upanishad Verse 5 Quote स व त म तत ऽन यमसत यमन त म अत एष ब रह म स व त त र भ वभ वकल व न र म क त च द व द य ऽद व त यब रह मस व त त सच च द नन दलहर मह त र प रस न दर बह रन तरन प रव श य स वयम क व व भ त यदस त सन म त रम यद व भ त च न म त रम यत प र यम नन द तद तत प र व क र मह त र प रस न दर त व च ह च सर व व श व सर वद वत इतरत स र व मह त र प रस न दर सत यम क लल त ख य वस त तदद व त यमखण ड र थ पर ब रह म Bibliography edit Brooks Douglas Renfrew 1990 The Secret of the Three Cities University of Chicago Press ISBN 978 0226075693 Brooks Douglas Renfrew 1992 Auspicious Wisdom State University of New York Press ISBN 978 0791411452 Cush Denise et al 2007 Encyclopedia of Hinduism Routledge ISBN 978 0700712670 Deussen Paul 1997 Sixty Upanishads of the Veda Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 81 208 1467 7 Narayanaswami PP 1999 बह व च पन षत Bahvricha Upanishad PDF in Sanskrit Retrieved 27 January 2016 Mahadevan T M P 1975 Upaniṣads Selections from 108 Upaniṣads Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 81 208 1611 4 Mahony William 1997 The Artful Universe An Introduction to the Vedic Religious Imagination State University of New York Press ISBN 978 0791435809 McDaniel June 2004 Offering Flowers Feeding Skulls Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 534713 5 Muller Max 1860 A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature 2nd Edition Oxford University Press ISBN 9781981766918 Nair Shantha 2008 Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom Pustak Mahal ISBN 978 81 223 1020 7 Tinoco Carlos Alberto 1996 Upanishads IBRASA ISBN 978 85 348 0040 2 Warrier AG Krishna 1967 Sakta Upaniṣads Adyar Library and Research Center ISBN 978 0835673181 OCLC 2606086 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bahvricha Upanishad amp oldid 1177007980, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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