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Baguazhang

January 01, 1970

Baguazhang (Chinese: 八卦掌; pinyin: bā guà zhǎng; Wade–Giles: pa-kua chang) is one of the three main Chinese martial arts of the Wudang school, the other two being tai chi and xingyiquan. It is more broadly grouped as an internal practice (or neijia). Baguazhang literally means "eight trigram palm", referring to the bagua "trigrams" of the I Ching, one of the canons of Taoism.[1][2]

Baguazhang
八卦掌
Zhang Zhaodong, also known as Zhang Zhankui, performing Baguazhang
Also known asBaguaquan
HardnessInternal (neijia)
Country of originChina
CreatorDong Haichuan (attributed)
Famous practitionersYin Fu
Cheng Tinghua
Ma Gui
Liang Zhenpu
Fu Zhensong
Gao Yisheng
Jiang Rongqiao
Sun Lutang
Jet Li
Olympic sportNo

History edit

The creation of baguazhang as a formalized martial art, is attributed to Dong Haichuan, who is said to have learned from Taoist and Buddhist masters in the mountains of rural China during the early 19th century.[3] Many Chinese authorities do not accept the Buddhist origin, instead maintaining that those teachers were purely Taoist in origin, the evidence lying in baguazhang's frequent reference to core concepts central to Taoism, such as yin and yang theory, I Ching and Taoism's most distinctive paradigm, the bagua diagram.[4] The attribution to Buddhist teachers came from the 2nd generation teachers, i.e. Dong Haichuan's students, some of whom were Buddhist. There is evidence to suggest a synthesis of several pre-existing martial arts taught and practised in the region in which Dong Haichuan lived, combined with Taoist circle walking that emulates the cyclical patterns found in nature. Through his work as a servant in the Imperial Palace he impressed the emperor with his graceful movements and fighting skill, and became an instructor and a bodyguard to the court.[5] Dong Haichuan taught for many years in Beijing, eventually earning patronage by the Imperial court.[6]

Famous disciples of Dong Haichuan to become teachers were Yin Fu, Cheng Tinghua, Ma Gui, Song Changrong (宋長榮), Liu Fengchun [it], Ma Weiqi (馬維棋), Liu Baozhen (劉寶珍), Liang Zhenpu, and Liu Dekuan (劉德寛). Although they were all students of the same teacher, their methods of training and expressions of palm techniques differed.[2] The Cheng and Liu styles are said to specialize in "pushing" the palms, Yin style is known for "threading" the palms, Song's followers practice "Plum Flower" (梅花 Mei Hua) palm technique and Ma style palms are known as "hammers." Some of Dong Haichuan's students, including Cheng Tinghua, participated in the Boxer Rebellion. In general, most baguazhang exponents today practice either the Yin (尹), Cheng (程), Liang (梁) styles, although Fan (樊), Shi (史), Liu (劉), Fu (傅), and other styles also exist (the Liu-style is a special case, in that it is rarely practiced alone, but as a complement to other styles). In addition, there are sub-styles of the above methods as well, such as the Sun (孫), Gao (高), and Jiang (姜) styles, which are sub-styles of Cheng method.

Modern styles edit

Common aspects edit

The practice of circle walking, or "turning the circle", as it is sometimes called, is baguazhang's characteristic method of stance and movement training. All forms of baguazhang utilize circle walking as an integral part of training. Practitioners walk around the edge of the circle in various low stances, facing the center, and periodically change direction as they execute forms.[7] For a beginner, the circle is six to twelve feet in diameter.[5] Students first learn flexibility and proper body alignment through the basic exercises, then move on to more complex forms and internal power mechanics. Although the internal aspects of baguazhang are similar to those of xingyiquan and tai chi, they are distinct in nature.

Many distinctive styles of weapons are contained within baguazhang; some use concealment, like the "judge's pen" (Chinese: 判官筆; pinyin: Pànguān Bǐ) or a pair of knives (the most elaborate, which are unique to the style, are the crescent-shaped deer horn knives (Chinese: 鹿角刀; pinyin: Lùjiǎodāo). Baguazhang is also known for practicing with extremely large weapons, such as the bagua sword (八卦劍; bāguàjiàn) and the bagua broadsword (八卦刀; bāguàdāo). Other weapons are also used, such as the staff (gun), spear (qiang), cane (guai), and hook sword (gou). Baguazhang practitioners are known for being able to use anything as a weapon using the principles of their art.

Baguazhang contains an extremely wide variety of techniques as well as weapons, including various strikes (with palm, fist, elbow, fingers, etc.), kicks, joint locks, throws, and distinctively evasive circular footwork. As such, baguazhang is considered neither a purely striking nor a purely grappling martial art. Baguazhang emphasizes circular movement, allowing practitioners to flow, harmonize and evade objects and opponents.[8] This is the source of the theory of being able to deal with multiple attackers and find solutions to seemingly complicated scenarios, within training or in daily life.[9][10][11] Baguazhang's evasive nature is also shown by the practice of moving behind an attacker, so that the opponent cannot harm the practitioner.

Although the many branches of baguazhang are often quite different from each other (some, like Cheng-style, specialize in close-in wrestling and joint locks, while others, like some of the Yin styles, specialize in quick, long-range striking), all have circle walking, spiraling movement, and certain methods and techniques (piercing palms, crashing palms, etc.) in common.

Baguazhang's movements employ the whole body with smooth coiling and uncoiling actions, utilizing hand techniques, dynamic footwork, and throws. Rapid-fire movements draw energy from the center of the abdomen or dantian. The circular stepping pattern also builds up centripetal force,[12][13][14] allowing the practitioner to maneuver quickly around an opponent.[15][16][17]

In media edit

See also edit

  • Bagua—the eight trigrams, used as guiding principles for baguazhang.
  • I Ching—the Chinese Classic relied on by Taoist thinking.
  • Feng shui—the metaphysical system of interior design based on the bagua.
  • Tai chi—a similar neijia.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Rousseau, Robert (2017-05-22). "An Introduction to Chinese Martial Arts Styles". Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  2. ^ a b Lie, Zhang. "Classical Baguazhang Volume V: Yin Style Baguazhang.' Trans. Joseph Crandall. Pinole, California: Smiling Tiger Martial Arts 1995.
  3. ^ Yintao, Fei and Yuliang, Fei. "Classical Baguazhang Volume IV: Wudang Baguazhang." Trans. Joseph Crandall. Pinole, California: Smiling Tiger Martial Arts 1994.
  4. ^ Liang, Shou-Yu; Yang, Jwing-Ming; Wu, Wen-Ching; Jwing-Ming, Yang (1994). Baguazhang: Emei Baguazhang Theory and Applications. YMAA Publication Center. ISBN 978-0-940871-30-4.[page needed]
  5. ^ a b Green, Thomas A. "Martial Arts of the World" 2001
  6. ^ Jingru, Liu and Youqing, Ma. "Classical Baguazhang Volume II: Cheng Shi Baguazhang (Cheng Family Baguazhang)." Trans. Joseph Crandall. Pinole, California: Smiling Tiger Martial Arts 2001.
  7. ^ Lie, Zhang. Classical Baguazhang Volume V: Yin Style Baguazhang. Trans. Joseph Crandall. Pinole, California: Smiling Tiger Martial Arts 1995.
  8. ^ Yang, Chenhan (2019). Bagua for Beginners 1: Eight Palms (DVD). USA: YMAA.
  9. ^ "Ba Gua Zhang (Pa Kua Chang)". Brisbane Kung Fu. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  10. ^ . Magui Baguazhang Promotion Center. 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-05-22. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-03-01. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  12. ^ "Baguazhang | 八卦掌". Taiping Institute. 2015. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  13. ^ Su Dong-Chen (July 2008). . Archived from the original on 2016-11-07. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  14. ^ Dan Huan Zhang (2017-03-13). "SINGLE PALM CHANGE". Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  15. ^ Ba Gua Zhang (2012-05-07). "AN INTRODUCTION TO BA GUA ZHANG". Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  16. ^ "Baguazhang: 8 trigrams palm". 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  17. ^ Matthews, Paul (2013-11-29). "Bagua-a fighting art designed for multiple attackers". Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  18. ^ https://en.bandainamcoent.eu/tekken/tekken-8/characters/ling-xiaoyu

References edit

  • Robert W. Smith, Chinese Boxing, ISBN 1-55643-085-X
  • Bok Nam, Park & Dan Miller, The Fundamentals of Pa Kua Chang: The Methods of Lu Shui-T'ien As Taught by Park Bok Nam, ISBN 0-86568-173-2
  • Shou-Yu, Liang, Baguazhang : Emei Baguazhang Theory and Applications, ISBN 0-940871-30-0
  • O'Brien, Jess, Nei Jia Quan: Internal Martial Arts Teachers of Tai Ji Quan, Xing Yi Quan, and Ba Gua Zhang, ISBN 1-55643-506-1
  • Frantzis, Bruce Kumar, The Power of Internal Martial Arts: Combat Secrets of Ba Gua, Tai Chi, and Hsing-I, ISBN 1-55643-253-4
  • Wang Shujin, Bagua Linked Palms - Translated by Kent Howard and Chen Hsiao-Yen, ISBN 978-1-58394-264-2 (1-58394-264-5)
  • Wang Shujin, Bagua Swimming Body Palms - Translated by Kent Howard and Chen Hsiao-Yen, ISBN 978-1-58394-245-1 (1-58394-245-9)

External links edit

  • The Pa Kua Chang Journal
  • ChinaFromInside.com presents... BAGUAZHANG
  • Qiang Shan Ba Gua Zhang Association
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baguazhang.

January 01, 1970
baguazhang, chinese, 八卦掌, pinyin, guà, zhǎng, wade, giles, chang, three, main, chinese, martial, arts, wudang, school, other, being, xingyiquan, more, broadly, grouped, internal, practice, neijia, literally, means, eight, trigram, palm, referring, bagua, trigr. Baguazhang Chinese 八卦掌 pinyin ba gua zhǎng Wade Giles pa kua chang is one of the three main Chinese martial arts of the Wudang school the other two being tai chi and xingyiquan It is more broadly grouped as an internal practice or neijia Baguazhang literally means eight trigram palm referring to the bagua trigrams of the I Ching one of the canons of Taoism 1 2 Baguazhang八卦掌Zhang Zhaodong also known as Zhang Zhankui performing BaguazhangAlso known asBaguaquanHardnessInternal neijia Country of originChinaCreatorDong Haichuan attributed Famous practitionersYin FuCheng TinghuaMa GuiLiang ZhenpuFu ZhensongGao YishengJiang RongqiaoSun LutangJet LiOlympic sportNo Contents 1 History 2 Modern styles 2 1 Common aspects 3 In media 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory editThe creation of baguazhang as a formalized martial art is attributed to Dong Haichuan who is said to have learned from Taoist and Buddhist masters in the mountains of rural China during the early 19th century 3 Many Chinese authorities do not accept the Buddhist origin instead maintaining that those teachers were purely Taoist in origin the evidence lying in baguazhang s frequent reference to core concepts central to Taoism such as yin and yang theory I Ching and Taoism s most distinctive paradigm the bagua diagram 4 The attribution to Buddhist teachers came from the 2nd generation teachers i e Dong Haichuan s students some of whom were Buddhist There is evidence to suggest a synthesis of several pre existing martial arts taught and practised in the region in which Dong Haichuan lived combined with Taoist circle walking that emulates the cyclical patterns found in nature Through his work as a servant in the Imperial Palace he impressed the emperor with his graceful movements and fighting skill and became an instructor and a bodyguard to the court 5 Dong Haichuan taught for many years in Beijing eventually earning patronage by the Imperial court 6 Famous disciples of Dong Haichuan to become teachers were Yin Fu Cheng Tinghua Ma Gui Song Changrong 宋長榮 Liu Fengchun it Ma Weiqi 馬維棋 Liu Baozhen 劉寶珍 Liang Zhenpu and Liu Dekuan 劉德寛 Although they were all students of the same teacher their methods of training and expressions of palm techniques differed 2 The Cheng and Liu styles are said to specialize in pushing the palms Yin style is known for threading the palms Song s followers practice Plum Flower 梅花 Mei Hua palm technique and Ma style palms are known as hammers Some of Dong Haichuan s students including Cheng Tinghua participated in the Boxer Rebellion In general most baguazhang exponents today practice either the Yin 尹 Cheng 程 Liang 梁 styles although Fan 樊 Shi 史 Liu 劉 Fu 傅 and other styles also exist the Liu style is a special case in that it is rarely practiced alone but as a complement to other styles In addition there are sub styles of the above methods as well such as the Sun 孫 Gao 高 and Jiang 姜 styles which are sub styles of Cheng method Modern styles editYin style developed by Yin Fu Cheng style developed by Cheng Tinghua Liang style developed by Liang Zhenpu Gao style developed by Gao Yisheng Yin Sect Gao style developed by Gao Ziying Jiang Style developed by Jiang Rongqiao Shi style developed by Shi Jidong 史計棟 Song style developed by Song Changrong 宋長榮 and Song Yongxiang 宋永祥 Fan style developed by Fan Zhiyong 范志勇 Liu style developed by Liu Baozhen 劉寶珍 Ma style developed by Ma Weiqi 馬維棋 Ma Gui style developed by Ma Gui Gong Baotian style developed by Gong Baotian 宮寶田 Sun style developed by Sun Lutang Fu style developed by Fu Zhensong Yin yang style baguazhang developed by Tian Hui 田廻 Ho Ho Choy style baguazhang developed by He Kecai 何可才 Lu style developed by Lu Shuitian 盧水田 Common aspects edit The practice of circle walking or turning the circle as it is sometimes called is baguazhang s characteristic method of stance and movement training All forms of baguazhang utilize circle walking as an integral part of training Practitioners walk around the edge of the circle in various low stances facing the center and periodically change direction as they execute forms 7 For a beginner the circle is six to twelve feet in diameter 5 Students first learn flexibility and proper body alignment through the basic exercises then move on to more complex forms and internal power mechanics Although the internal aspects of baguazhang are similar to those of xingyiquan and tai chi they are distinct in nature Many distinctive styles of weapons are contained within baguazhang some use concealment like the judge s pen Chinese 判官筆 pinyin Panguan Bǐ or a pair of knives the most elaborate which are unique to the style are the crescent shaped deer horn knives Chinese 鹿角刀 pinyin Lujiǎodao Baguazhang is also known for practicing with extremely large weapons such as the bagua sword 八卦劍 baguajian and the bagua broadsword 八卦刀 baguadao Other weapons are also used such as the staff gun spear qiang cane guai and hook sword gou Baguazhang practitioners are known for being able to use anything as a weapon using the principles of their art Baguazhang contains an extremely wide variety of techniques as well as weapons including various strikes with palm fist elbow fingers etc kicks joint locks throws and distinctively evasive circular footwork As such baguazhang is considered neither a purely striking nor a purely grappling martial art Baguazhang emphasizes circular movement allowing practitioners to flow harmonize and evade objects and opponents 8 This is the source of the theory of being able to deal with multiple attackers and find solutions to seemingly complicated scenarios within training or in daily life 9 10 11 Baguazhang s evasive nature is also shown by the practice of moving behind an attacker so that the opponent cannot harm the practitioner Although the many branches of baguazhang are often quite different from each other some like Cheng style specialize in close in wrestling and joint locks while others like some of the Yin styles specialize in quick long range striking all have circle walking spiraling movement and certain methods and techniques piercing palms crashing palms etc in common Baguazhang s movements employ the whole body with smooth coiling and uncoiling actions utilizing hand techniques dynamic footwork and throws Rapid fire movements draw energy from the center of the abdomen or dantian The circular stepping pattern also builds up centripetal force 12 13 14 allowing the practitioner to maneuver quickly around an opponent 15 16 17 In media editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2024 Learn how and when to remove this template message Baguazhang inspired the main basis of airbending on the 2005 2008 Nickelodeon Animation Studio TV series Avatar The Last Airbender M Night Shyamalan s 2010 film counterpart its 2024 Netflix counterpart and its sequel series The Legend of Korra Shang Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings features baguazhang being used by Ying Li mother for the title character and wife for Wenwu the MCU s version of the Mandarin Baguazhang is used by Zhang Ziyi as Gong Ruo Mei and Zhang Jin as Ma San on The Grandmaster Jet Li uses baguazhang when playing Gabriel Yulaw on The One Baguazhang also inspired the Hyuga clan s gentle fist fighting style from Naruto Ling Xiaoyu of the Tekken series of games is said to practice Baguazhang and Piguazhang styles 18 Ashrah uses a variation of baguazhang in Mortal Kombat Deception See also editBagua the eight trigrams used as guiding principles for baguazhang I Ching the Chinese Classic relied on by Taoist thinking Feng shui the metaphysical system of interior design based on the bagua Tai chi a similar neijia Notes edit Rousseau Robert 2017 05 22 An Introduction to Chinese Martial Arts Styles Retrieved 2017 06 01 a b Lie Zhang Classical Baguazhang Volume V Yin Style Baguazhang Trans Joseph Crandall Pinole California Smiling Tiger Martial Arts 1995 Yintao Fei and Yuliang Fei Classical Baguazhang Volume IV Wudang Baguazhang Trans Joseph Crandall Pinole California Smiling Tiger Martial Arts 1994 Liang Shou Yu Yang Jwing Ming Wu Wen Ching Jwing Ming Yang 1994 Baguazhang Emei Baguazhang Theory and Applications YMAA Publication Center ISBN 978 0 940871 30 4 page needed a b Green Thomas A Martial Arts of the World 2001 Jingru Liu and Youqing Ma Classical Baguazhang Volume II Cheng Shi Baguazhang Cheng Family Baguazhang Trans Joseph Crandall Pinole California Smiling Tiger Martial Arts 2001 Lie Zhang Classical Baguazhang Volume V Yin Style Baguazhang Trans Joseph Crandall Pinole California Smiling Tiger Martial Arts 1995 Yang Chenhan 2019 Bagua for Beginners 1 Eight Palms DVD USA YMAA Ba Gua Zhang Pa Kua Chang Brisbane Kung Fu Retrieved 2017 06 01 FAQ 3 Martial arts Magui Baguazhang Promotion Center 2015 Archived from the original on 2017 05 22 Retrieved 2017 06 01 INNER SECRETS Martial arts and Health Archived from the original on 2014 03 01 Retrieved 2017 06 01 Baguazhang 八卦掌 Taiping Institute 2015 Retrieved 2017 06 01 Su Dong Chen July 2008 Spiral Body Ba Gua Zhang Archived from the original on 2016 11 07 Retrieved 2017 06 01 Dan Huan Zhang 2017 03 13 SINGLE PALM CHANGE Retrieved 2017 06 01 Ba Gua Zhang 2012 05 07 AN INTRODUCTION TO BA GUA ZHANG Retrieved 2017 06 01 Baguazhang 8 trigrams palm 2017 01 13 Retrieved 2017 06 01 Matthews Paul 2013 11 29 Bagua a fighting art designed for multiple attackers Retrieved 2017 06 01 https en bandainamcoent eu tekken tekken 8 characters ling xiaoyuReferences editRobert W Smith Chinese Boxing ISBN 1 55643 085 X Bok Nam Park amp Dan Miller The Fundamentals of Pa Kua Chang The Methods of Lu Shui T ien As Taught by Park Bok Nam ISBN 0 86568 173 2 Shou Yu Liang Baguazhang Emei Baguazhang Theory and Applications ISBN 0 940871 30 0 O Brien Jess Nei Jia Quan Internal Martial Arts Teachers of Tai Ji Quan Xing Yi Quan and Ba Gua Zhang ISBN 1 55643 506 1 Frantzis Bruce Kumar The Power of Internal Martial Arts Combat Secrets of Ba Gua Tai Chi and Hsing I ISBN 1 55643 253 4 Wang Shujin Bagua Linked Palms Translated by Kent Howard and Chen Hsiao Yen ISBN 978 1 58394 264 2 1 58394 264 5 Wang Shujin Bagua Swimming Body Palms Translated by Kent Howard and Chen Hsiao Yen ISBN 978 1 58394 245 1 1 58394 245 9 External links editThe Pa Kua Chang Journal ChinaFromInside com presents BAGUAZHANG Qiang Shan Ba Gua Zhang Association nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baguazhang Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baguazhang amp oldid 1220566431, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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