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Baduspanids

February 01, 2023

The Baduspanids or Badusbanids (Persian: پادوسبانیان, romanized: Pâdusbâniân), were a local Iranian dynasty of Tabaristan which ruled over Ruyan/Rustamdar. The dynasty was established in 665, and with 933 years of rule as the longest dynasty in Iran, it ended in 1598 when the Safavids invaded and conquered their domains.[1][2]

Baduspanids
پادوسبانیان
665–1598
The Baduspanids in 1346, during the reign of Jalal al-Dawla Iskandar (r. 1333–1360)
Common languagesPersian
Caspian languages
Religion
Zoroastrianism (665-9th-century)
Islam (9th-century-1598)
GovernmentMonarchy
Ispahbadh
Ustandar
Malik		 
• 665–694
Baduspan I (first)
• 1590–1598
Jahangir IV (last)
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Established
665
• Safavid conquest
1598
Preceded by		 Succeeded by

History

During the Arab invasion of Iran, the last Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651) reportedly granted control over Tabaristan to the Dabuyid ruler Gil Gavbara, who was a great-grandson of shahanshah Jamasp (r. 496–498/9).[2][3][4] Gil Gavbara's son Baduspan I was granted control over Ruyan in 665, thus forming the Baduspanid dynasty, which would rule the region until the 1590s.[2] Another son, Dabuya succeeded their father the former as the head of the Dabuyid family, ruling the rest of Tabaristan.[5][2]

The last Dabuyid ruler Khurshid managed to safeguard his realm against the Umayyad Caliphate, but after its replacement by the Abbasid Caliphate, he was finally defeated in 760.[6] Tabaristan was subsequently made a regular province of the caliphate, ruled from Amul by an Arab governor, although the local dynasties of the Bavandids, Qarinvandids, the Zarmihrids and Baduspanids, formerly subject to the Dabuyids, continued to control the mountainous interior as tributary vassals of the Abbasid government.[7][8][9] These rulers were largely if not completely autonomous.[9] Due to the regional prominence of the Baduspanids, Ruyan became known as Rustamdar in the Mongol era, a deformed form of their regnal title, ustandar, which they had used since the rule of Shahriyar III ibn Jamshid (r. 937–949).[2][10]

The Baduspanids were briefly deposed from power by the Mar'ashis, who ruled Rustamdar from 1381 till 1390, when they decided to install Baduspanid prince Sa'd al-Dawla Tus on the throne in Rustamdar to challenge the Afrasiyabid prince Iskandar-i Shaykhi who accompanied the Turco-Mongol ruler Timur (r. 1370–1405), who intended to conquer Mazandaran. However, Tus secretly corresponded with Iskandar-i Shaykhi, and eventually joined the forces of Timur in 1392. The following year (1393), Timur dislodged the Mar'ashis and conquered Mazandaran.[11] In 1399/1400, he deprived the Baduspanids of most of their holdings by sending his troops to administer most of Rustamdar. The holdings of the new Baduspanid ruler Kayumarth I were now restricted to that of the castle of Nur.[1][12] However, in 1405, he restored his rule in Rustamdar.[1] He died in 1453. After his death, a dynastic struggle followed, which resulted in his kingdom being split up by his sons Iskandar IV and Ka'us II, in Kojur and Nur respectively.[1] The Baduspanid dynasty was never to be united again, with the two branches ruling separately until they were eventually deposed in 1590s by the Safavid monarch of Iran, Abbas the Great (r. 1588–1629).[12][1]

Known Baduspanid rulers

  • 665-694 : Baduspan I
  • 694-723 : Khurzad ibn Baduspan
  • 723-762 : Baduspan II
  • 762-791 : Shahriyar I ibn Baduspan
  • 791-822 : Vanda-Umid
  • 822-855 : Abdallah ibn Vanda-Umid

Afridunid line

  • 855-??? : Afridun ibn Karan
  • ???-??? : Baduspan III
  • ???-??? : Shahriyar II ibn Baduspan
  • 887-899 : Hazar Sandan

Shahriyarid line

Nur branch

  • 1453-1467 : Ka'us II
  • 1467-1499 : Jahangir I
  • 1499-1507 : Bisutun II
  • 1507-1550 : Bahman of Tabaristan
  • 1550-1576 : Kayumarth IV
  • 1582-1586 : Sultan Aziz
  • 1586-1593/1594 : Jahangir III

Kojur branch

  • 1453-1476 : Iskandar IV
  • 1476-1491 : Taj-al-Dawla ibn Iskandar
  • 1491-1507 : Ashraf ibn Taj al-Dawla
  • 1507-1543 : Ka'us III
  • 1543-1555 : Kayumarth III
  • 1555-1567 : Jahangir II
  • 1568-1590 : Sultan Mohammad ibn Jahangir
  • 1590-1598 : Jahangir IV

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Madelung 1988, pp. 385–391.
  2. ^ a b c d e Ghereghlou 2018.
  3. ^ Melville 2020, p. 36.
  4. ^ Madelung 1993, pp. 541–544.
  5. ^ Yavari 2020.
  6. ^ Malek 2017, p. 105.
  7. ^ Madelung 1975, pp. 200–201.
  8. ^ Rekaya 1986, pp. 68–70.
  9. ^ a b Malek 2017, p. 106.
  10. ^ Minorsky 1995, pp. 650–651.
  11. ^ Bosworth 1984, pp. 742–743.
  12. ^ a b Bosworth 1978, p. 808.

Sources

  • Bosworth, C.E. (1978). "Ḳāwūs". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. OCLC 758278456.
  • Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Boyle, John Andrew (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-06936-X.
  • Bosworth, C. E. (1984). "Āl-e Afrāsīāb". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. I, Fasc. 7. New York. pp. 742–743.
  • Calmard, J (1991). "Marʿas̲h̲is". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
  • Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2018). "Bādūsbānids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Stewart, Devin J. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
  • Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". In Frye, Richard N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.
  • Madelung, Wilferd (1988). "Baduspanids". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. III, Fasc. 4. New York. pp. 385–391.
  • Madelung, Wilfred (1993). "Dabuyids". Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VI, online edition, Fasc. 5. New York. pp. 541–544.
  • Malek, Hodge Mehdi (2017). "Tabaristān During the 'Abbāsid Period: The Overlapping Coinage of the Governors and Other Officials (144-178H)". In Faghfoury, Mostafa (ed.). Iranian Numismatic Studies. A Volume in Honor of Stephen Album. Lancaster and London: Classical Numismatic Group. pp. 101–126.
  • Manz, Beatrice Forbes (2007). Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-46284-6.
  • Melville, Charles (2020). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran Vol.9. University of Cambridge, English: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781838606152.
  • Minorsky, Vladimir (1995). "Rūyān". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VIII: Ned–Sam. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09834-3.
  • Rekaya, M. (1986). "Khurshīd". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 68–70. ISBN 978-90-04-07819-2.
  • Yavari, Neguin (2015). "Afrāsiyābids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Stewart, Devin J. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
  • Yavari, Neguin (2020). "Dābūyids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Stewart, Devin J. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.

February 01, 2023
baduspanids, badusbanids, persian, پادوسبانیان, romanized, pâdusbâniân, were, local, iranian, dynasty, tabaristan, which, ruled, over, ruyan, rustamdar, dynasty, established, with, years, rule, longest, dynasty, iran, ended, 1598, when, safavids, invaded, conq. The Baduspanids or Badusbanids Persian پادوسبانیان romanized Padusbanian were a local Iranian dynasty of Tabaristan which ruled over Ruyan Rustamdar The dynasty was established in 665 and with 933 years of rule as the longest dynasty in Iran it ended in 1598 when the Safavids invaded and conquered their domains 1 2 Baduspanidsپادوسبانیان665 1598The Baduspanids in 1346 during the reign of Jalal al Dawla Iskandar r 1333 1360 Common languagesPersian Caspian languagesReligionZoroastrianism 665 9th century Islam 9th century 1598 GovernmentMonarchyIspahbadhUstandarMalik 665 694Baduspan I first 1590 1598Jahangir IV last Historical eraMiddle Ages Established665 Safavid conquest1598Preceded by Succeeded byDabuyid dynasty Safavid Iran Contents 1 History 2 Known Baduspanid rulers 2 1 Afridunid line 2 2 Shahriyarid line 2 3 Nur branch 2 4 Kojur branch 3 See also 4 References 5 SourcesHistory EditDuring the Arab invasion of Iran the last Sasanian King of Kings shahanshah Yazdegerd III r 632 651 reportedly granted control over Tabaristan to the Dabuyid ruler Gil Gavbara who was a great grandson of shahanshah Jamasp r 496 498 9 2 3 4 Gil Gavbara s son Baduspan I was granted control over Ruyan in 665 thus forming the Baduspanid dynasty which would rule the region until the 1590s 2 Another son Dabuya succeeded their father the former as the head of the Dabuyid family ruling the rest of Tabaristan 5 2 The last Dabuyid ruler Khurshid managed to safeguard his realm against the Umayyad Caliphate but after its replacement by the Abbasid Caliphate he was finally defeated in 760 6 Tabaristan was subsequently made a regular province of the caliphate ruled from Amul by an Arab governor although the local dynasties of the Bavandids Qarinvandids the Zarmihrids and Baduspanids formerly subject to the Dabuyids continued to control the mountainous interior as tributary vassals of the Abbasid government 7 8 9 These rulers were largely if not completely autonomous 9 Due to the regional prominence of the Baduspanids Ruyan became known as Rustamdar in the Mongol era a deformed form of their regnal title ustandar which they had used since the rule of Shahriyar III ibn Jamshid r 937 949 2 10 The Baduspanids were briefly deposed from power by the Mar ashis who ruled Rustamdar from 1381 till 1390 when they decided to install Baduspanid prince Sa d al Dawla Tus on the throne in Rustamdar to challenge the Afrasiyabid prince Iskandar i Shaykhi who accompanied the Turco Mongol ruler Timur r 1370 1405 who intended to conquer Mazandaran However Tus secretly corresponded with Iskandar i Shaykhi and eventually joined the forces of Timur in 1392 The following year 1393 Timur dislodged the Mar ashis and conquered Mazandaran 11 In 1399 1400 he deprived the Baduspanids of most of their holdings by sending his troops to administer most of Rustamdar The holdings of the new Baduspanid ruler Kayumarth I were now restricted to that of the castle of Nur 1 12 However in 1405 he restored his rule in Rustamdar 1 He died in 1453 After his death a dynastic struggle followed which resulted in his kingdom being split up by his sons Iskandar IV and Ka us II in Kojur and Nur respectively 1 The Baduspanid dynasty was never to be united again with the two branches ruling separately until they were eventually deposed in 1590s by the Safavid monarch of Iran Abbas the Great r 1588 1629 12 1 Known Baduspanid rulers Edit665 694 Baduspan I 694 723 Khurzad ibn Baduspan 723 762 Baduspan II 762 791 Shahriyar I ibn Baduspan 791 822 Vanda Umid 822 855 Abdallah ibn Vanda UmidAfridunid line Edit 855 Afridun ibn Karan Baduspan III Shahriyar II ibn Baduspan 887 899 Hazar SandanShahriyarid line Edit 899 938 Shahriyar III ibn Jamshid 938 965 Muhammad 965 Istwandad 974 1010 Zarrin Kamar I 1010 1036 Ba Harb 1036 1067 Fakhr al Dawla Namavar I 1067 1092 Ardashir 1092 1132 Hazarasp I 1117 1168 Shahrivash 1168 1184 Kai Ka us I 1184 1190 Hazarasp II 1190 1209 Bavandid occupation 1209 1213 Zarrin Kamar II 1213 1223 Bisutun I 1223 1242 1243 Fakhr al Dawla Namavar II Died in 1242 Hosam al Dawla Ardashir 1242 Iskandar I 1242 1272 Shahragim 1272 1301 Namawar Shah Ghazi 1301 1311 Kay Khusraw 1311 1317 Shams al Muluk Muhammad 1317 1324 Nasir al Din Shahriyar 1324 1333 Taj al Dawla Ziyar 1333 1359 Jalal al Dawla Iskandar 1359 1378 Fakhr al Dawla Shah Ghazi 1378 1379 Adud al Dawla Qubad 1379 1391 Mar ashi occupation 1391 1394 Sa d al Dawla Tus 1399 1453 Kayumarth INur branch Edit 1453 1467 Ka us II 1467 1499 Jahangir I 1499 1507 Bisutun II 1507 1550 Bahman of Tabaristan 1550 1576 Kayumarth IV 1582 1586 Sultan Aziz 1586 1593 1594 Jahangir IIIKojur branch Edit 1453 1476 Iskandar IV 1476 1491 Taj al Dawla ibn Iskandar 1491 1507 Ashraf ibn Taj al Dawla 1507 1543 Ka us III 1543 1555 Kayumarth III 1555 1567 Jahangir II 1568 1590 Sultan Mohammad ibn Jahangir 1590 1598 Jahangir IVSee also EditDabuyid dynasty Bavand dynasty House of IspahbudhanReferences Edit a b c d e Madelung 1988 pp 385 391 a b c d e Ghereghlou 2018 Melville 2020 p 36 Madelung 1993 pp 541 544 Yavari 2020 Malek 2017 p 105 Madelung 1975 pp 200 201 Rekaya 1986 pp 68 70 a b Malek 2017 p 106 Minorsky 1995 pp 650 651 Bosworth 1984 pp 742 743 a b Bosworth 1978 p 808 Sources EditBosworth C E 1978 Ḳawus In van Donzel E Lewis B Pellat Ch amp Bosworth C E eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume IV Iran Kha Leiden E J Brill OCLC 758278456 Bosworth C E 1968 The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World A D 1000 1217 In Boyle John Andrew ed The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5 The Saljuq and Mongol Periods Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 06936 X Bosworth C E 1984 Al e Afrasiab Encyclopaedia Iranica online edition Vol I Fasc 7 New York pp 742 743 Calmard J 1991 Marʿas h is In Bosworth C E van Donzel E amp Pellat Ch eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume VI Mahk Mid Leiden E J Brill ISBN 978 90 04 08112 3 Ghereghlou Kioumars 2018 Badusbanids In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Stewart Devin J eds Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE Brill Online ISSN 1873 9830 Madelung W 1975 The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran In Frye Richard N ed The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 4 From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 198 249 ISBN 0 521 20093 8 Madelung Wilferd 1988 Baduspanids Encyclopaedia Iranica online edition Vol III Fasc 4 New York pp 385 391 Madelung Wilfred 1993 Dabuyids Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol VI online edition Fasc 5 New York pp 541 544 Malek Hodge Mehdi 2017 Tabaristan During the Abbasid Period The Overlapping Coinage of the Governors and Other Officials 144 178H In Faghfoury Mostafa ed Iranian Numismatic Studies A Volume in Honor of Stephen Album Lancaster and London Classical Numismatic Group pp 101 126 Manz Beatrice Forbes 2007 Power Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 139 46284 6 Melville Charles 2020 The Timurid Century The Idea of Iran Vol 9 University of Cambridge English Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 9781838606152 Minorsky Vladimir 1995 Ruyan In Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P amp Lecomte G eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume VIII Ned Sam Leiden E J Brill ISBN 978 90 04 09834 3 Rekaya M 1986 Khurshid In Bosworth C E van Donzel E Lewis B amp Pellat Ch eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume V Khe Mahi Leiden E J Brill pp 68 70 ISBN 978 90 04 07819 2 Yavari Neguin 2015 Afrasiyabids In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Stewart Devin J eds Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE Brill Online ISSN 1873 9830 Yavari Neguin 2020 Dabuyids In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Stewart Devin J eds Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE Brill Online ISSN 1873 9830 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baduspanids amp oldid 1131568010, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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