Baban (Kurdish: بابان)[2] was a Kurdish principality existing from the 16th century to 1850, centered around Sulaymaniyah. The Baban principality played an active role in the Ottoman-Safavid conflict and gave significant military support to the Ottomans.[3] They were in constant rivalry with Ardalan, Bohtan[3] and Soran and its territory would therefore oscillate. Before the removal of the last Baban leader in 1850, their rule had become limited to their capital Sulaymaniyah and few surrounding villages.
The modern city of Sulaymaniyah was built by Baban in 1784 which served as their capital. Prior to the founding of the city, the dynasty lived in Qala Çolan. The principality also encouraged and facilitated the use of Sorani Kurdish among its local literary authors.[4]
When the Ottomans arrived to the Sulaymaniyah plains (Shahrizor), the Baban princes had already established themselves in the region. However, there is no pre-Ottoman source on Baban,[4] and their origins are obscure.[3] Information on the relations between Baban and the Soran Emirate up to 1596 exist in Sharafnama,[3] which also mentioned that Pīr Budak Beg was the founder of the dynasty in the early 16th-century.[4] There is no consensus on the dynastic chronology of Baban.[3]
One myth claimed that the founder of the Baban dynasty was Aḥmad Faqīh (Faqī Aḥmad) from Pshdar, who received the land around Shahrizor by the Shah of Iran because of his loyalty to the monarch. Another myth claimed that the dynasty descended from an English woman named Keghan.[4]
HistoryEdit
After the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, Baban remained unincorporated to the Ottoman Empire.[5] As a representative for the Ottomans, Idris Bitlisi met with the Prince of Baban and other Kurdish states immediately after the Battle of Chaldiran and succeeded in forming an alliance between them against the Safavids. Nonetheless, the loyalty of Baban fluctuated.[6] In the early 1500s, Baban under Haci Şeyh Baban extended its territory around Lake Urmia which forced Tahmasp I to send a military force against the Kurds.[7]
According to Claudius Rich, the dynasty gained Ottoman recognition of the hereditary rights of their dynasty in 1678.[8] From the 1720s to the 1740s, the Baban dynasty aided the Ottomans against Iran.[9] The period from 1750 to 1847 was dominated by rivalry with both Soran and Bohtan, as they also fought against the centralization attempts by the Ottomans and Iran.[3] In the late 1700s, Baban supported the Qajar dynasty against Zand dynasty but had to transfer their support to the Zands after the victories of the latter.[10]
The principality was destroyed during the mid-19th century Ottoman modernization period. The Baban revolt lasted for three years, but was defeated by a coalition of Ottoman forces and Kurdish tribes. Ahmed Pasha Baban, the last Baban ruler, was defeated near Koy Sanjaq in 1847 and the region of Shahrazur was annexed to the Ottoman Empire.[3] Iranian claims to Baban ceased after the treaty of 1847.[11]
When the Brits entered Sulaymaniyah in 1918, the city was no longer under the influence of the Baban dynasty. Descendants of the dynasty joined the Kurdish independence movement in Iraq, while others became Ottoman politicians.[4]
Atmaca, Metin (2012). "Bābān". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
Atmaca, Metin (2021), "Negotiating Political Power in the Early Modern Middle East: Kurdish Emirates between the Ottoman Empire and Iranian Dynasties (Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries)", in Bozarslan, Hamit (ed.), Cambridge History of the Kurds, Cambridge University Press
Bozarslan, Hamit; Gunes, Cengis; Yadirgi, Veli (2021), "Introduction: The Kurds and the Kurdish question in the Middle East", Cambridge History of the Kurds, Cambridge University Press
Rich, Claudius (1836), Narrative of a residence in Koordistan, and on the site of ancient Nineveh: with journal of a voyage down the Tigris to Bagdad and an account of a visit to Shirauz and Persepolis, vol. 2, J. Duncan
Further readingEdit
Atmaca, Metin (2019), "Resistance to centralisation in the Ottoman periphery: the Kurdish Baban and Bohtan emirates", Middle East Studies, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 519–539, doi:10.1080/00263206.2018.1542595, S2CID 150267050
September 17, 2023
baban, other, uses, disambiguation, kurdish, بابان, kurdish, principality, existing, from, 16th, century, 1850, centered, around, sulaymaniyah, principality, played, active, role, ottoman, safavid, conflict, gave, significant, military, support, ottomans, they. For other uses see Baban disambiguation Baban Kurdish بابان 2 was a Kurdish principality existing from the 16th century to 1850 centered around Sulaymaniyah The Baban principality played an active role in the Ottoman Safavid conflict and gave significant military support to the Ottomans 3 They were in constant rivalry with Ardalan Bohtan 3 and Soran and its territory would therefore oscillate Before the removal of the last Baban leader in 1850 their rule had become limited to their capital Sulaymaniyah and few surrounding villages Baban principalityبابان16th century 1850CapitalKirkuk 16th century 1783 Sulaymaniah 1783 1850 Common languagesSorani KurdishReligionShafiʽi Sunni Islam 1 GovernmentMonarchyHistory Established16th century Baban revolt suppressed1850Preceded by Succeeded byOttoman Empire Ottoman EmpireThe modern city of Sulaymaniyah was built by Baban in 1784 which served as their capital Prior to the founding of the city the dynasty lived in Qala Colan The principality also encouraged and facilitated the use of Sorani Kurdish among its local literary authors 4 Contents 1 Origins 2 History 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further readingOrigins EditWhen the Ottomans arrived to the Sulaymaniyah plains Shahrizor the Baban princes had already established themselves in the region However there is no pre Ottoman source on Baban 4 and their origins are obscure 3 Information on the relations between Baban and the Soran Emirate up to 1596 exist in Sharafnama 3 which also mentioned that Pir Budak Beg was the founder of the dynasty in the early 16th century 4 There is no consensus on the dynastic chronology of Baban 3 One myth claimed that the founder of the Baban dynasty was Aḥmad Faqih Faqi Aḥmad from Pshdar who received the land around Shahrizor by the Shah of Iran because of his loyalty to the monarch Another myth claimed that the dynasty descended from an English woman named Keghan 4 History EditAfter the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514 Baban remained unincorporated to the Ottoman Empire 5 As a representative for the Ottomans Idris Bitlisi met with the Prince of Baban and other Kurdish states immediately after the Battle of Chaldiran and succeeded in forming an alliance between them against the Safavids Nonetheless the loyalty of Baban fluctuated 6 In the early 1500s Baban under Haci Seyh Baban extended its territory around Lake Urmia which forced Tahmasp I to send a military force against the Kurds 7 According to Claudius Rich the dynasty gained Ottoman recognition of the hereditary rights of their dynasty in 1678 8 From the 1720s to the 1740s the Baban dynasty aided the Ottomans against Iran 9 The period from 1750 to 1847 was dominated by rivalry with both Soran and Bohtan as they also fought against the centralization attempts by the Ottomans and Iran 3 In the late 1700s Baban supported the Qajar dynasty against Zand dynasty but had to transfer their support to the Zands after the victories of the latter 10 The principality was destroyed during the mid 19th century Ottoman modernization period The Baban revolt lasted for three years but was defeated by a coalition of Ottoman forces and Kurdish tribes Ahmed Pasha Baban the last Baban ruler was defeated near Koy Sanjaq in 1847 and the region of Shahrazur was annexed to the Ottoman Empire 3 Iranian claims to Baban ceased after the treaty of 1847 11 When the Brits entered Sulaymaniyah in 1918 the city was no longer under the influence of the Baban dynasty Descendants of the dynasty joined the Kurdish independence movement in Iraq while others became Ottoman politicians 4 See also EditShahrizor Eyalet List of Kurdish dynasties and countriesNotes Edit Rosskeen Gibb Hamilton Alexander 1954 The Encyclopaedia of Islam Volume 4 ed Brill pp 188 192 Bimar ʻAbd al Razzaq 2006 خوێندنه وه يه كى تازه ى هه ڵبه ستى كوردى خوێندنه وه يه كى تازه ى هه ڵبه ستى قوتابخانه ى بابان له نموونه ى مسته فا به گى كوردى تاهير به گ حه ريق سافى ئه ده ب بێخود حاجى قادرى كۆيى ڕه نجوورى مه وله وى in Kurdish Erbil Dezgay Cap u Bilawkirdinewey Aras a b c d e f g Behn 1988 a b c d e Atmaca 2012 Bozarslan Gunes amp Yadirgi 2021 p 2 Atmaca 2021 p 46 Atmaca 2021 pp 52 amp 54 Rich 1836 p 81 Kissling Spuler amp Barbour 1997 p 82 Atmaca 2021 p 65 Atmaca 2021 p 67 References EditAtmaca Metin 2012 Baban In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Rowson Everett eds Encyclopaedia of Islam 3rd ed Brill Online ISSN 1873 9830 Atmaca Metin 2021 Negotiating Political Power in the Early Modern Middle East Kurdish Emirates between the Ottoman Empire and Iranian Dynasties Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries in Bozarslan Hamit ed Cambridge History of the Kurds Cambridge University Press Behn W 1988 BABAN vol III Encyclopedia Iranica Bozarslan Hamit Gunes Cengis Yadirgi Veli 2021 Introduction The Kurds and the Kurdish question in the Middle East Cambridge History of the Kurds Cambridge University Press Kissling H J Spuler Bertold Barbour N 1997 The Last Great Muslim Empires Brill Publishers ISBN 9789004021044 Rich Claudius 1836 Narrative of a residence in Koordistan and on the site of ancient Nineveh with journal of a voyage down the Tigris to Bagdad and an account of a visit to Shirauz and Persepolis vol 2 J DuncanFurther reading EditAtmaca Metin 2019 Resistance to centralisation in the Ottoman periphery the Kurdish Baban and Bohtan emirates Middle East Studies vol 55 no 4 pp 519 539 doi 10 1080 00263206 2018 1542595 S2CID 150267050 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baban amp oldid 1173542320, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
