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Wo gehest du hin? BWV 166

March 14, 2024

Wo gehest du hin? ("Where are you heading?",[1] literally: "Where do you go?"), BWV 166, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig for Cantate, the fourth Sunday after Easter, and first performed it on 7 May 1724.

Wo gehest du hin?
BWV 166
Church cantata by J. S. Bach
Thomaskirche, Leipzig, 1885
OccasionCantate Sunday
Bible textJohn 16:5
Chorale
Performed7 May 1724 (1724-05-07): Leipzig
Movements6
VocalSATB soloists and choir
Instrumental
  • oboe
  • 2 violins
  • viola
  • continuo

History and words edit

Bach composed the cantata in his first year in Leipzig for the Fourth Sunday after Easter, called Cantate. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle of James, "Every good gift comes from the Father of lights" (James 1:17–21), and from the Gospel of John, Jesus announcing the Comforter in his Farewell Discourse (John 16:5–15).

We do not know the identity of the person who was writing Bach's librettos during his first year in Leipzig. The poet, whoever he or she was, begins by posing a question, a quotation from the gospel. The answer to the question is the theme of the cantata, which explores the direction in which life should go. The poet inserted as movement 3 the third stanza of Bartholomäus Ringwaldt's hymn "Herr Jesu Christ, ich weiß gar wohl" (1582)[2] and as the closing chorale the first stanza of Ämilie Juliane von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt's "Wer weiß, wie nahe mir mein Ende" (1688).[3]

Scoring and structure edit

The cantata in six movements is scored for four vocal soloists (soprano, alto, tenor and bass), a four-part choir only for the closing chorale, oboe, two violins, viola and basso continuo. The cantus firmus of movement 3 is typically sung by the soprano of the choir.[4]

  1. Arioso (bass): Wo gehest du hin
  2. Aria (tenor): Ich will an den Himmel denken
  3. Chorale (soprano): Ich bitte dich, Herr Jesu Christ
  4. Recitative (bass): Gleichwie die Regenwasser bald verfließen
  5. Aria (alto): Man nehme sich in acht
  6. Chorale: Wer weiß, wie nahe mir mein Ende

Music edit

The question "Where do you go?", comes from a particular context (John 16:5: "but now I am going to him who sent me. None of you asks me, 'Where are you going?'"). Bach gives the question on its own to the bass as the vox Christi addressing the listener directly.[4] This simple question is one of the shortest lyrics for a movement in a Bach cantata.[5]

The tenor aria survives in an incomplete form. It was first published completely in the Neue Bach-Ausgabe.[4] The soprano sings the cantus firmus of movement 3 on the melody of "Herr Jesu Christ, du höchstes Gut"[6] completely unadorned and is accompanied by the violins and viola in unison, "of great vigour and determination, urged on by steady continuo quavers".[5][7] The last aria, in great contrast, illustrates mostly the word "lacht" (laughs), although the text warns that a fall may come "wenn das Glück lacht" (when fortune winks).[1] The laughter is pictured in "the various oscillating semi-quaver figures in the strings" and in melismas on the word "lacht".[5] The final chorale on the melody of "Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten" [8] is set for four parts.[4]

Recordings edit

Notes edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 166 – Wo gehest du hin?". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Herr Jesu Christ, ich weiß gar wohl / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas website. 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  3. ^ "Wer weiß, wie nahe mir mein Ende? / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas website. 2006. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d Dürr, Alfred (2006). "Wo gehest du hin? BWV 166". The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Translated by Richard D. P. Jones. Oxford University Press. pp. 315–317. ISBN 978-0-19-929776-4.
  5. ^ a b c Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 53 BWV 166 Wo gehest du hin?". The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  6. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Herr Jesu Christ, du höchstes Gut". Bach Cantatas website. 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  7. ^ Leonard, James. Cantata No. 166, Wo gehest du hin? BWV 166 at AllMusic
  8. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten". Bach Cantatas website. 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2012.

External links edit

March 14, 2024
gehest, gehest, where, heading, literally, where, church, cantata, johann, sebastian, bach, composed, leipzig, cantate, fourth, sunday, after, easter, first, performed, 1724, gehest, 166church, cantata, bachthomaskirche, leipzig, 1885occasioncantate, sundaybib. Wo gehest du hin Where are you heading 1 literally Where do you go BWV 166 is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach He composed it in Leipzig for Cantate the fourth Sunday after Easter and first performed it on 7 May 1724 Wo gehest du hin BWV 166Church cantata by J S BachThomaskirche Leipzig 1885OccasionCantate SundayBible textJohn 16 5Choraleby Bartholomaus Ringwaldt by Amilie Juliane von Schwarzburg RudolstadtPerformed7 May 1724 1724 05 07 LeipzigMovements6VocalSATB soloists and choirInstrumentaloboe2 violinsviolacontinuo Contents 1 History and words 2 Scoring and structure 3 Music 4 Recordings 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory and words editBach composed the cantata in his first year in Leipzig for the Fourth Sunday after Easter called Cantate The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle of James Every good gift comes from the Father of lights James 1 17 21 and from the Gospel of John Jesus announcing the Comforter in his Farewell Discourse John 16 5 15 We do not know the identity of the person who was writing Bach s librettos during his first year in Leipzig The poet whoever he or she was begins by posing a question a quotation from the gospel The answer to the question is the theme of the cantata which explores the direction in which life should go The poet inserted as movement 3 the third stanza of Bartholomaus Ringwaldt s hymn Herr Jesu Christ ich weiss gar wohl 1582 2 and as the closing chorale the first stanza of Amilie Juliane von Schwarzburg Rudolstadt s Wer weiss wie nahe mir mein Ende 1688 3 Scoring and structure editThe cantata in six movements is scored for four vocal soloists soprano alto tenor and bass a four part choir only for the closing chorale oboe two violins viola and basso continuo The cantus firmus of movement 3 is typically sung by the soprano of the choir 4 Arioso bass Wo gehest du hin Aria tenor Ich will an den Himmel denken Chorale soprano Ich bitte dich Herr Jesu Christ Recitative bass Gleichwie die Regenwasser bald verfliessen Aria alto Man nehme sich in acht Chorale Wer weiss wie nahe mir mein EndeMusic editThe question Where do you go comes from a particular context John 16 5 but now I am going to him who sent me None of you asks me Where are you going Bach gives the question on its own to the bass as the vox Christi addressing the listener directly 4 This simple question is one of the shortest lyrics for a movement in a Bach cantata 5 The tenor aria survives in an incomplete form It was first published completely in the Neue Bach Ausgabe 4 The soprano sings the cantus firmus of movement 3 on the melody of Herr Jesu Christ du hochstes Gut 6 completely unadorned and is accompanied by the violins and viola in unison of great vigour and determination urged on by steady continuo quavers 5 7 The last aria in great contrast illustrates mostly the word lacht laughs although the text warns that a fall may come wenn das Gluck lacht when fortune winks 1 The laughter is pictured in the various oscillating semi quaver figures in the strings and in melismas on the word lacht 5 The final chorale on the melody of Wer nur den lieben Gott lasst walten 8 is set for four parts 4 Recordings editDie Bach Kantate Vol 32 Helmuth Rilling Gachinger Kantorei Bach Collegium Stuttgart Helen Watts Aldo Baldin Wolfgang Schone Hanssler 1978 J S Bach Das Kantatenwerk Sacred Cantatas Vol 9 Gustav Leonhardt Tolzer Knabenchor Collegium Vocale Gent Leonhardt Consort soloist of the Tolzer Knabenchor Paul Esswood Kurt Equiluz Max van Egmond Teldec 1987 J S Bach Complete Cantatas Vol 9 Ton Koopman Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra amp Choir Bernhard Landauer Christoph Pregardien Klaus Mertens Antoine Marchand 1998 Bach Cantatas Vol 24 Altenburg Warwick John Eliot Gardiner Monteverdi Choir English Baroque Soloists Robin Tyson James Gilchrist Stephen Varcoe Soli Deo Gloria 2000 J S Bach Cantatas Vol 19 Cantatas from Leipzig 1724 Masaaki Suzuki Bach Collegium Japan Robin Blaze Makoto Sakurada Stephan MacLeod BIS 2001 J S Bach Kantate BWV 166 Wo gehest du hin Rudolf Lutz Vokalensemble der Schola Seconda Pratica Schola Seconda Pratica Guro Hjemli Terry Wey Gerd Turk Markus Volpert Gallus Media 2008Notes editReferences edit a b Dellal Pamela BWV 166 Wo gehest du hin Emmanuel Music Retrieved 7 September 2022 Herr Jesu Christ ich weiss gar wohl Text and Translation of Chorale Bach Cantatas website 2010 Retrieved 27 April 2013 Wer weiss wie nahe mir mein Ende Text and Translation of Chorale Bach Cantatas website 2006 Retrieved 30 January 2012 a b c d Durr Alfred 2006 Wo gehest du hin BWV 166 The Cantatas of J S Bach With Their Librettos in German English Parallel Text Translated by Richard D P Jones Oxford University Press pp 315 317 ISBN 978 0 19 929776 4 a b c Mincham Julian 2010 Chapter 53 BWV 166 Wo gehest du hin The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach Retrieved 7 September 2022 Chorale Melodies used in Bach s Vocal Works Herr Jesu Christ du hochstes Gut Bach Cantatas website 2009 Retrieved 27 April 2013 Leonard James Cantata No 166 Wo gehest du hin BWV 166 at AllMusic Chorale Melodies used in Bach s Vocal Works Wer nur den lieben Gott lasst walten Bach Cantatas website 2009 Retrieved 30 January 2012 External links editWo gehest du hin BWV 166 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Wo gehest du hin BWV 166 BC A 71 Sacred cantata 5th Sunday of Easter Bach Digital Cantata BWV 166 Wo gehest du hin history scoring sources for text and music translations to various languages discography discussion Bach Cantatas website BWV 166 Wo gehest du hin English translation University of Vermont BWV 166 Wo gehest du hin text scoring University of Alberta Gardiner John Eliot 2005 Johann Sebastian Bach 1685 1750 Cantatas Nos 12 103 108 117 146 amp 166 Media notes Soli Deo Gloria at Hyperion Records website Retrieved 11 May 2019 Luke Dahn BWV 166 6 bach chorales com Portal nbsp Classical music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wo gehest du hin 3F BWV 166 amp oldid 1196130692, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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