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Azd

February 13, 2023

This article is about Azd, an Arab tribe. For the sorority, see Alpha Xi Delta. For language, see Eastern Durango Nahuatl.

The Azd (Arabic: أَزْد), or Al-Azd (Arabic: ٱلْأَزْد), are a tribe[1] of Sabaean Arabs.

Al-Azd
ٱلْأَزْد
Arab tribe
Banner of the Azd from the Battle of Siffin
EthnicityQahtanite
NisbaAl-Azdī (ٱلْأَزْدي)
LocationArabia and the Middle East
ReligionPaganism, later Islam

In ancient times, the Sabaeans inhabited Ma'rib, capital city of the Kingdom of Saba' in modern-day Yemen. Their lands were irrigated by the Ma'rib Dam, which is thought by some to have been one of the engineering wonders of the ancient world because of its size. When the dam collapsed for the third time in the 1st century C.E., much of the Azd tribe left Marib and dispersed.

Branches

In the 3rd century C.E., the Azd branched into four sub-branches, each led by one of the sons of Amr bin Muzaikiyya.[2]

Imran Bin Amr

Imran bin Amr and the bulk of the tribe went to Oman, where they established the Azdi presence in Eastern Arabia. Later they invaded Karaman and Shiraz in Southern Persia, and these came to be known as "Azd Daba". Another branch headed west back to Yemen, and a group went further west all the way to Tihamah on the Red Sea. This group was to become known as "Azd Uman" after the emergence of Islam.[citation needed]

Jafna bin Amr

Jafna bin Amr and his family headed for Syria, where he settled and initiated the kingdom of the Ghassanids. They were so named after a spring of water where they stopped on their way to Syria. This branch was to produce:

Thalabah bin Amr

Thalabah bin Amr left his tribe for the Hijaz, and dwelt between Thalabiyah and Dhi Qar. When he gained strength, he headed for Yathrib, where he stayed. Of his seed are the Aws and Khazraj, sons of Haritha bin Thalabah. These were to be the Muslim Ansar and were to produce the last Arab dynasty in Spain (the Nasrids).

Haritha bin Amr

Haritha bin Amr led a branch of the Azd Qahtani tribes. He wandered with his tribe in the Hijaz until they came to the Tihamah. He had three sons Adi, Afsa and Lahi. Adiy was the father of Bariq, Lahi the father of Khuza'a and Afsa, the father of Aslam.[3][4]

 Azd | .--------------+------------. | | Mazin Shahnvah | | .----------+----------. .--------+-----------. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Samala (Banu) Daws Haddan Thalabah Haritha Jafna | | (Ghassanids/The Ghassinids) .--+----. | | | |_________________ (Banu) Aws (Banu) Khuza'a/Khazraj | | .-----+---+----------. | | | Adi Afsa Lohay | | | Bariq Aslam (Banu) Khuza'a | | Salaman Mustalik

Zahran

Main article: Zahran tribe

The Zahran tribe is an ancient Arabian offshoot of the Azdi tribe, also originating from the Kingdom of Saba'. The shortage of water prompted them to relocate to Al-Bahah in the Arabian Peninsula. Today, members of the Zahran tribe can be found all over the Middle East and beyond. According to Arab scholars, the dialect used by the Hejazi tribes, the Zahran and the Ghamid, is the closest to classical Arabic.[5][6]

Azd 'Uman

The Azd 'Uman were the dominant Arab tribe in the eastern realms of the Caliphate and were the driving force in the conquest of Fars, Makran and Sindh. They were the chief merchant group of Oman and Al-Ubulla, who organized a trading diaspora with settlements of Persianized Arabians on the coasts of Kirman and Makran, extending into Sindh since the days of Ardashir.[7] They were strongly involved in the western trade with India, and with the expansion of the Muslim conquests, they began to consolidate their commercial and political authority on the eastern frontier. During the early years of the Muslim conquests, the Azdi ports of Bahrain and Oman were staging grounds for Muslim naval fleets headed to Fars (Persia) and Hind (India). From 637 C.E., the conquests of Fars and Makran were dominated by the Azdi and allied tribes from Oman. Between 665 and 683 C.E., the Azdi 'Uman became especially prominent due in Basra on account of favors from Ziyad ibn Abihi, the Governor of Muawiya I, and his son Ubaidullah. When a member of their tribe Abu Said Al- Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra became governor their influence and wealth increased as he extended Muslim conquests to Makran and Sindh, where so many other Azdi were settled. After his death in 702, though, they lost their grip on power with the rise of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf as governor of Iraq. Al-Hajjaj pursued a systematic policy of breaking Umayyad power, as a result of which the Azd also suffered. With the death of Hajjaj and under Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik as Caliph, their fortunes reversed once again, with the appointment of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab.[7]

Influential people or branches

See also

References

  1. ^ Strenziok, G. (1986). "Azd". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Levi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I. Brill. p. 811.
  2. ^ علي/المسعودي, أبي الحسن علي بن الحسين بن (2012-01-01). مروج الذهب ومعادن الجوهر 1-4 ج2 (in Arabic). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. p. 204.
  3. ^ Constructing Al-Azd: Tribal Identity and Society in the Early Islamic Centuries. ProQuest. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-549-63443-0. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
  4. ^ The Role of the Arab Tribes in the East During the Period of the Umayyads (40/660-132/749). Al-Jamea's Press. 1978. pp. 35, 34. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
  5. ^ Muhammad Suwaed (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Bedouins. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 261.
  6. ^ Cuddihy, Kathy (2001). An A to Z of Places and Things Saudi. London: Stacey International. p. 6. ISBN 9781900988407.
  7. ^ a b Wink pg 51-52;"It is not accident that, among the Arabs, the Tribe of the Azd 'Uman were instrumental in the conquest of Fars, Makran and Sind, and that for some time they became the dominant Arab tribe in the eastern caliphate."
  8. ^ Ibn Khallikan wafayat alayan p. 524. alwarraq edition.
  9. ^ Forster 2018. Ruska 1923, p. 57 still thought the attribution to Jabir of the name al-Azdi to be false, but later sources (from Holmyard 1927 on) assume its authenticity.

Sources used

  • Forster, Regula (2018). "Jābir b. Ḥayyān". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32665.
  • Holmyard, Eric J. (1927). "An Essay on Jābir ibn Ḥayyān". In Ruska, Julius (ed.). Studien zur Geschichte der Chemie: Festgabe Edmund O. v. Lippmann. Berlin: Springer. pp. 28–37. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-51355-8_5. ISBN 978-3-642-51236-0.
  • Ruska, Julius (1923). "Über das Schriftenverzeichnis des Ǧābir ibn Ḥajjān und die Unechtheit einiger ihm zugeschriebenen Abhandlungen". Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin. 15: 53–67. JSTOR 20773292.

Further reading

External links

 
English Wikisource has original text related to this article:
A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád'
  • Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1977). Burke's Royal Families of the World: Africa & the Middle East. Burke's Peerage. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-850-11029-6.



February 13, 2023
this, article, about, arab, tribe, sorority, alpha, delta, language, eastern, durango, nahuatl, arabic, arabic, ٱل, tribe, sabaean, arabs, ٱل, دarab, tribebanner, from, battle, siffinethnicityqahtanitenisbaal, ٱل, دي, locationarabia, middle, eastreligionpagani. This article is about Azd an Arab tribe For the sorority see Alpha Xi Delta For language see Eastern Durango Nahuatl The Azd Arabic أ ز د or Al Azd Arabic ٱل أ ز د are a tribe 1 of Sabaean Arabs Al Azdٱل أ ز دArab tribeBanner of the Azd from the Battle of SiffinEthnicityQahtaniteNisbaAl Azdi ٱل أ ز دي LocationArabia and the Middle EastReligionPaganism later IslamIn ancient times the Sabaeans inhabited Ma rib capital city of the Kingdom of Saba in modern day Yemen Their lands were irrigated by the Ma rib Dam which is thought by some to have been one of the engineering wonders of the ancient world because of its size When the dam collapsed for the third time in the 1st century C E much of the Azd tribe left Marib and dispersed Contents 1 Branches 1 1 Imran Bin Amr 1 2 Jafna bin Amr 1 3 Thalabah bin Amr 1 4 Haritha bin Amr 1 5 Zahran 2 Azd Uman 3 Influential people or branches 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Sources used 5 2 Further reading 6 External linksBranches EditIn the 3rd century C E the Azd branched into four sub branches each led by one of the sons of Amr bin Muzaikiyya 2 Imran Bin Amr Edit Imran bin Amr and the bulk of the tribe went to Oman where they established the Azdi presence in Eastern Arabia Later they invaded Karaman and Shiraz in Southern Persia and these came to be known as Azd Daba Another branch headed west back to Yemen and a group went further west all the way to Tihamah on the Red Sea This group was to become known as Azd Uman after the emergence of Islam citation needed Jafna bin Amr Edit Jafna bin Amr and his family headed for Syria where he settled and initiated the kingdom of the Ghassanids They were so named after a spring of water where they stopped on their way to Syria This branch was to produce The Ghassanid dynasty in Syria A Roman Emperor Philip the Arab a Ghassanid Arab from Syria who ruled 244 249 C E A Byzantine dynasty the Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian also known as the Syrian ruled from 717 741 C E Thalabah bin Amr Edit Thalabah bin Amr left his tribe for the Hijaz and dwelt between Thalabiyah and Dhi Qar When he gained strength he headed for Yathrib where he stayed Of his seed are the Aws and Khazraj sons of Haritha bin Thalabah These were to be the Muslim Ansar and were to produce the last Arab dynasty in Spain the Nasrids Haritha bin Amr Edit Haritha bin Amr led a branch of the Azd Qahtani tribes He wandered with his tribe in the Hijaz until they came to the Tihamah He had three sons Adi Afsa and Lahi Adiy was the father of Bariq Lahi the father of Khuza a and Afsa the father of Aslam 3 4 Azd Mazin Shahnvah Samala Banu Daws Haddan Thalabah Haritha Jafna Ghassanids The Ghassinids Banu Aws Banu Khuza a Khazraj Adi Afsa Lohay Bariq Aslam Banu Khuza a Salaman Mustalik Zahran Edit Main article Zahran tribe The Zahran tribe is an ancient Arabian offshoot of the Azdi tribe also originating from the Kingdom of Saba The shortage of water prompted them to relocate to Al Bahah in the Arabian Peninsula Today members of the Zahran tribe can be found all over the Middle East and beyond According to Arab scholars the dialect used by the Hejazi tribes the Zahran and the Ghamid is the closest to classical Arabic 5 6 Azd Uman EditThe Azd Uman were the dominant Arab tribe in the eastern realms of the Caliphate and were the driving force in the conquest of Fars Makran and Sindh They were the chief merchant group of Oman and Al Ubulla who organized a trading diaspora with settlements of Persianized Arabians on the coasts of Kirman and Makran extending into Sindh since the days of Ardashir 7 They were strongly involved in the western trade with India and with the expansion of the Muslim conquests they began to consolidate their commercial and political authority on the eastern frontier During the early years of the Muslim conquests the Azdi ports of Bahrain and Oman were staging grounds for Muslim naval fleets headed to Fars Persia and Hind India From 637 C E the conquests of Fars and Makran were dominated by the Azdi and allied tribes from Oman Between 665 and 683 C E the Azdi Uman became especially prominent due in Basra on account of favors from Ziyad ibn Abihi the Governor of Muawiya I and his son Ubaidullah When a member of their tribe Abu Said Al Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra became governor their influence and wealth increased as he extended Muslim conquests to Makran and Sindh where so many other Azdi were settled After his death in 702 though they lost their grip on power with the rise of Al Hajjaj ibn Yusuf as governor of Iraq Al Hajjaj pursued a systematic policy of breaking Umayyad power as a result of which the Azd also suffered With the death of Hajjaj and under Sulayman ibn Abd al Malik as Caliph their fortunes reversed once again with the appointment of Yazid ibn al Muhallab 7 Influential people or branches EditThe Ghassanids The Banu Tanukh Banu Ma an part of the Tanukhi tribal Confederation The Nasrid dynasty of Al Andalus Al Said dynasty of Oman Bani Yas Al Nahyan dynasty of Abu Dhabi in what is now the U A E citation needed Al Maktoum dynasty of Dubai citation needed Abu Dawood collector of ahadith Ibn Duraid Kuthayyir 8 Arab poet Jabir ibn Zayd the co founder of the Ibadi sect of Islam Tribe of Balgarn Al Garni or Al Qarni Ghamid The Al Ayad tribe Ayad or Ayadah from the Northern Nile Delta and the north western Sinai Peninsula of Egypt with the Haplogroup J1 Second wife of Prince Ali Kamal Pasha son of H H Prince Mustafa Fazil Pasha of Egypt Princess Salha Zainab Ayad Bani Shehr Zahran The Rawadids Tribe of Bariq Jabir ibn Hayyan historicity uncertain may also have been a non Arab mawla or client of the Azd 9 Hudhayfah al Bariqi Khalil ibn Ahmad Urwah al Bariqi Arfaja al Bariqi Humaydah al Bariqi Ibn Al Thahabi Ibn al Banna Jamilah bint Adwan Asma bint Adiy al Bariqiyyah Al Muhallab ibn Abi Suffrah Mu aqqir Fatimah bint Sa d Suraqah al Bariqi Ibn Al Thahabi Banu Khazraj Billasmar Al Asmari Jamilah bint Adwan Balahmer Al Ahmari Bani Amr Al Amri Amr ibn Khalid Umm al Khair Al Dawasir Bani Malik Al Tahawi Al Fadl ibn Shadhan of Nishapur IranSee also EditAdnanite Ishamelite ArabsReferences Edit Strenziok G 1986 Azd In Gibb H A R Kramers J H Levi Provencal E Schacht J eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Vol I Brill p 811 علي المسعودي أبي الحسن علي بن الحسين بن 2012 01 01 مروج الذهب ومعادن الجوهر 1 4 ج2 in Arabic Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية p 204 Constructing Al Azd Tribal Identity and Society in the Early Islamic Centuries ProQuest p 92 ISBN 978 0 549 63443 0 Retrieved 2013 12 26 The Role of the Arab Tribes in the East During the Period of the Umayyads 40 660 132 749 Al Jamea s Press 1978 pp 35 34 Retrieved 2013 12 26 Muhammad Suwaed 2015 Historical Dictionary of the Bedouins Rowman amp Littlefield p 261 Cuddihy Kathy 2001 An A to Z of Places and Things Saudi London Stacey International p 6 ISBN 9781900988407 a b Wink pg 51 52 It is not accident that among the Arabs the Tribe of the Azd Uman were instrumental in the conquest of Fars Makran and Sind and that for some time they became the dominant Arab tribe in the eastern caliphate Ibn Khallikan wafayat alayan p 524 alwarraq edition Forster 2018 Ruska 1923 p 57 still thought the attribution to Jabir of the name al Azdi to be false but later sources from Holmyard 1927 on assume its authenticity Sources used Edit Forster Regula 2018 Jabir b Ḥayyan In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Rowson Everett eds Encyclopaedia of Islam Three doi 10 1163 1573 3912 ei3 COM 32665 Holmyard Eric J 1927 An Essay on Jabir ibn Ḥayyan In Ruska Julius ed Studien zur Geschichte der Chemie Festgabe Edmund O v Lippmann Berlin Springer pp 28 37 doi 10 1007 978 3 642 51355 8 5 ISBN 978 3 642 51236 0 Ruska Julius 1923 Uber das Schriftenverzeichnis des Ǧabir ibn Ḥajjan und die Unechtheit einiger ihm zugeschriebenen Abhandlungen Archiv fur Geschichte der Medizin 15 53 67 JSTOR 20773292 Further reading Edit Strenziok G 1960 Azd In Gibb H A R Kramers J H Levi Provencal E Schacht J Lewis B amp Pellat Ch eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume I A B Leiden E J Brill pp 811 813 OCLC 495469456 Wink Andre 2002 Al Hind the Making of the Indo Islamic World Brill Academic Publishers ISBN 0 391 04173 8 External links Edit English Wikisource has original text related to this article A Critical Exposition of the Popular Jihad https web archive org web 20150606022930 http www uaeinteract com history e walk con 3 con3 31 asp https web archive org web 20160303195805 http www muslimaccess com sunnah seerah 1 htmhttps wilderness ventures egypt com arrival of bedouin tribes in sinai https nabataea net explore cities and sites nabataean cities in the negev Montgomery Massingberd Hugh 1977 Burke s Royal Families of the World Africa amp the Middle East Burke s Peerage p 32 ISBN 978 0 850 11029 6 https www royalark net Egypt egypt6 htm Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Azd amp oldid 1138823843, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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