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Ave maris stella

January 01, 1970

"Ave maris stella" (Latin for 'Hail, star of the sea') is a medieval Marian hymn, usually sung at Vespers. It was especially popular in the Middle Ages and has been used by many composers as the basis of other compositions.

Ave maris stella in a 14th-century antiphonary

Background edit

Authorship of the original hymn has been attributed to several people, including Bernard of Clairvaux (12th century), Venantius Fortunatus (6th century)[1] and Hermannus Contractus (11th century).[2] Probably originating in the 9th century,[3] it appears as a 10th century addition in two 9th-century manuscripts, one from Salzburg now in Vienna[4] and the other still at the Abbey of Saint Gall.[5] Its frequent occurrence in the Divine Office made it popular in the Middle Ages, many other hymns being founded upon it.[1] The "Ave maris stella" was highly influential in presenting Mary as a merciful and loving Mother.[6] "Much of its charm is due to its simplicity".[7] The title "Star of the Sea" is one of the oldest and most widespread titles applied to Mary. The hymn is frequently used as a prayer for safe-conduct for travelers.[8]

The melody is found in the Irish plainsong "Gabhaim Molta Bríde", a piece in praise of St. Brigid of Kildaire.[9] The popular modern hymn Hail Queen of Heaven, the Ocean Star, is loosely based on this plainsong original.

Latin lyrics edit

 
Beginning of "Ave maris stella" in the 1912 Antiphonale Romanum

The Latin text of the hymn as authorized for use in the Liturgy of the Hours of the Roman Rite (Ordinary Form) is the following:[10]

Musical settings edit

The plainchant hymn has been developed by many composers from pre-baroque to the present day. The Roman Rite employs four different plainchant tunes for the Ave maris stella; the first three are designated for solemnities, feasts, and memorials of the Blessed Virgin Mary;[10] a fourth is given in the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary as an alternative to the memorial tone. The tunes have been used as the cantus firmus for some polyphonic settings of the mass, including those by Josquin and Victoria.[15]

Renaissance settings include those by Hans Leo Hassler, Felice Anerio, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Guillaume Dufay and William Byrd. Baroque settings include Monteverdi's Vespro della Beata Vergine 1610, one by Emperor Leopold I, one by Louis Couperin in 1658, four settings by Marc-Antoine Charpentier (H.60, H.63, H.65, H.67 1670–1680s), and Sébastien de Brossard. Romantic settings include those by Dvorak, Grieg, and Liszt. Modern composers who have either set the text or used the hymn as an inspiration include Marcel Dupré, Flor Peeters, Peter Maxwell Davies, James MacMillan, Jean Langlais, and others.[citation needed]

Acadian National Anthem edit

In 1884, the second Acadian national convention adopted "Ave maris stella" as the anthem of Acadia.[16]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Ave Maris Stella" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. ^ Frauenlob's song of songs by Frauenlob, Barbara Newman, Karl Stackmann 2007 ISBN 0-271-02925-0 page 100
  3. ^ Fassler, Margot Elsbeth (2014). Music in the Medieval West (First ed.). New York. pp. 3–12. ISBN 978-0-393-92915-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Cod. Vindob. 387, fol. 3v, has a fragmentary version written by a later hand (10th/11th century) in originally blank space
  5. ^ Codex Sangallensis 95, p. 2, has a full version written by a later hand (10th/11th century) on originally blank space
  6. ^ Reynolds, Brian. Gateway to heaven, New City Press, 2012, ISBN 9781565484498, p. 194
  7. ^ Brittain, F., Mediaeval Latin and Romance Lyric to A, Cambridge University Press, 1951, p. 79
  8. ^ "Ave Maris Stella Prayer", International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton
  9. ^ Wood, David (2014-02-01). "Gabhaim molta Bríde". Song of the Isles. Retrieved 2019-10-24.
  10. ^ a b Liber Hymnarius, Solesmes, 1983.
  11. ^ Also spelled Hevæ.
  12. ^ Thus in the original, see Te Decet Hymnus, Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1984, p. 255 and Liber Hymnarius, Solesmes, 1983; Pope Urban VIII's 17th-century revision has preces here.
  13. ^ Thus in Liber Hymnarius, Solesmes, 1983. Pope Urban VIII's text has Spiritui Sancto, Tribus honor unus.
  14. ^ The word "Hail" in Latin [Ave] is the reverse spelling of the Latin for "Eve" [Eva].
  15. ^ The Josquin companion: Volume 1 by Richard Sherr 2001 ISBN 0-19-816335-5 Page 110
  16. ^ "A Productive Dykeland and the Birth of a Symbol 1806–1907: The Acadian Renaissance". Landscape of Grand Pré - A World Heritage Site. Section: The Acadian Renaissance. UNESCO. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

External links edit

 
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Ave maris stella

January 01, 1970
maris, stella, latin, hail, star, medieval, marian, hymn, usually, sung, vespers, especially, popular, middle, ages, been, used, many, composers, basis, other, compositions, 14th, century, antiphonary, contents, background, latin, lyrics, musical, settings, ac. Ave maris stella Latin for Hail star of the sea is a medieval Marian hymn usually sung at Vespers It was especially popular in the Middle Ages and has been used by many composers as the basis of other compositions Ave maris stella in a 14th century antiphonary Contents 1 Background 2 Latin lyrics 3 Musical settings 4 Acadian National Anthem 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksBackground editAuthorship of the original hymn has been attributed to several people including Bernard of Clairvaux 12th century Venantius Fortunatus 6th century 1 and Hermannus Contractus 11th century 2 Probably originating in the 9th century 3 it appears as a 10th century addition in two 9th century manuscripts one from Salzburg now in Vienna 4 and the other still at the Abbey of Saint Gall 5 Its frequent occurrence in the Divine Office made it popular in the Middle Ages many other hymns being founded upon it 1 The Ave maris stella was highly influential in presenting Mary as a merciful and loving Mother 6 Much of its charm is due to its simplicity 7 The title Star of the Sea is one of the oldest and most widespread titles applied to Mary The hymn is frequently used as a prayer for safe conduct for travelers 8 The melody is found in the Irish plainsong Gabhaim Molta Bride a piece in praise of St Brigid of Kildaire 9 The popular modern hymn Hail Queen of Heaven the Ocean Star is loosely based on this plainsong original Latin lyrics edit nbsp Beginning of Ave maris stella in the 1912 Antiphonale Romanum The Latin text of the hymn as authorized for use in the Liturgy of the Hours of the Roman Rite Ordinary Form is the following 10 Ave maris stella Dei mater alma atque semper virgo Felix caeli porta Sumens illud Ave Gabrielis ore funda nos in pace mutans Evae 11 nomen Solve vincla reis profer lumen caecis mala nostra pelle bona cuncta posce Monstra te esse matrem sumat per te precem 12 qui pro nobis natus tulit esse tuus Virgo singularis inter omnes mitis nos culpis solutos mites fac et castos Vitam praesta puram iter para tutum ut videntes Jesum semper collaetemur Sit laus Deo Patri summo Christo decus Spiritui Sancto tribus honor unus Amen 13 Hail star of the sea Nurturing Mother of God And ever Virgin Happy gate of Heaven Receiving that Ave hail From the mouth of Gabriel Establish us in peace Transforming the name of Eva Eve 14 Loosen the chains of the guilty Send forth light to the blind Our evil do thou dispel Entreat for us all good things Show thyself to be a Mother Through thee may he receive prayer Who being born for us Undertook to be thine own O unique Virgin Meek above all others Make us set free from our sins Meek and chaste Bestow a pure life Prepare a safe way That seeing Jesus We may ever rejoice Praise be to God the Father To the Most High Christ be glory To the Holy Spirit Be honour to the Three equally Amen Musical settings editThe plainchant hymn has been developed by many composers from pre baroque to the present day The Roman Rite employs four different plainchant tunes for the Ave maris stella the first three are designated for solemnities feasts and memorials of the Blessed Virgin Mary 10 a fourth is given in the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary as an alternative to the memorial tone The tunes have been used as the cantus firmus for some polyphonic settings of the mass including those by Josquin and Victoria 15 Renaissance settings include those by Hans Leo Hassler Felice Anerio Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Guillaume Dufay and William Byrd Baroque settings include Monteverdi s Vespro della Beata Vergine 1610 one by Emperor Leopold I one by Louis Couperin in 1658 four settings by Marc Antoine Charpentier H 60 H 63 H 65 H 67 1670 1680s and Sebastien de Brossard Romantic settings include those by Dvorak Grieg and Liszt Modern composers who have either set the text or used the hymn as an inspiration include Marcel Dupre Flor Peeters Peter Maxwell Davies James MacMillan Jean Langlais and others citation needed Acadian National Anthem editIn 1884 the second Acadian national convention adopted Ave maris stella as the anthem of Acadia 16 See also editOur Lady Star of the Sea Our Lady Star of the Sea Church disambiguation References edit a b Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Ave Maris Stella Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Frauenlob s song of songs by Frauenlob Barbara Newman Karl Stackmann 2007 ISBN 0 271 02925 0 page 100 Fassler Margot Elsbeth 2014 Music in the Medieval West First ed New York pp 3 12 ISBN 978 0 393 92915 7 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Cod Vindob 387 fol 3v has a fragmentary version written by a later hand 10th 11th century in originally blank space Codex Sangallensis 95 p 2 has a full version written by a later hand 10th 11th century on originally blank space Reynolds Brian Gateway to heaven New City Press 2012 ISBN 9781565484498 p 194 Brittain F Mediaeval Latin and Romance Lyric to A Cambridge University Press 1951 p 79 Ave Maris Stella Prayer International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton Wood David 2014 02 01 Gabhaim molta Bride Song of the Isles Retrieved 2019 10 24 a b Liber Hymnarius Solesmes 1983 Also spelled Hevae Thus in the original see Te Decet Hymnus Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1984 p 255 and Liber Hymnarius Solesmes 1983 Pope Urban VIII s 17th century revision has preces here Thus in Liber Hymnarius Solesmes 1983 Pope Urban VIII s text has Spiritui Sancto Tribus honor unus The word Hail in Latin Ave is the reverse spelling of the Latin for Eve Eva The Josquin companion Volume 1 by Richard Sherr 2001 ISBN 0 19 816335 5 Page 110 A Productive Dykeland and the Birth of a Symbol 1806 1907 The Acadian Renaissance Landscape of Grand Pre A World Heritage Site Section The Acadian Renaissance UNESCO Retrieved 13 May 2020 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ave maris stella nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Ave maris stella Ave maris stella Text translations and list of free scores by several composers at the Choral Public Domain Library ChoralWiki Ave Maris Stella Benedictine Monks of the Abbey at Ganagobie on YouTube Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ave maris stella amp oldid 1206436255, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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