The Autumn Harvest Uprising was an insurrection that took place in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces of China, on September 7, 1927, led by Mao Zedong, who established a short-lived Hunan Soviet.
After initial success, the uprising was brutally put down by Kuomintang forces. Mao continued to believe in the rural strategy but concluded that it would be necessary to form a party army.[2]
Initially, Mao struggled to garner forces for an uprising, but Li Zhen rallied the peasantry and members of her local[where?] communist troop to join.[4] Mao then led a small peasant army[where?] against the Kuomintang and the landlords of Hunan, successfully establishing a Soviet government. The uprising was eventually defeated by Kuomintang forces within two months after the Soviet was established. Mao and the others were forced to retreat to the Jinggang Mountains on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, where he encountered an army of miners which would help him in later battles. This was one of the early armed uprisings by the Communists, and it marked a significant change in their strategy. Mao and Red Army founder Zhu De went on to develop a rural-based strategy that centered on guerrilla tactics. This paved the way for the Long March of 1934.
Reasons for the uprising's failureedit
The uprising shows the overwhelming importance of an organized military force to the success or failure of an insurrection, the failure reveals that the role and question of military force was given different emphasis by operatives of different levels in the communist party and came to be a topic of serious contention and disagreement which led to the disorganization. An obvious lack of appreciation for rudimentary pre-insurrectionary military organization hints that Mao was more "putschist" (to a point) than this Chinese or Russian superiors.[5]
^Wu 吴, Zhife 志菲 (2003). . Renmin Wang. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
^Hofheinz, Roy (1967). "The Autumn Harvest Insurrection". The China Quarterly. 32 (32): 37–87. doi:10.1017/S0305741000047214. ISSN 0305-7410. JSTOR 651405. S2CID 154891728.
^Short, Philip (18 December 2016). Mao: The Man Who Made China. Bloomsbury. ISBN9781786730152.
References and further readingedit
Hofheinz, Jr., Roy (1977). The Broken Wave: The Chinese Communist Peasant Movement, 1922-1928. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN9780674083912. Reprinted: De Gruyter, 2014 eBook 2018-06-09 at the Wayback Machine
Li, Xiaobing. China at War: An Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO, 2012) pp 15–16.
February 16, 2024
autumn, harvest, uprising, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Autumn Harvest Uprising news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Autumn Harvest Uprising was an insurrection that took place in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces of China on September 7 1927 led by Mao Zedong who established a short lived Hunan Soviet Autumn Harvest UprisingPart of Chinese Civil WarPlanned insurrection locations by the August Seventh Conference DateSeptember 7 1927LocationHunan Jiangxi and Hubei ResultUprising crushed Communists forced to retreat to the Jinggang MountainsBelligerentsNationalist government Nationalist Party National Revolutionary ArmySoviet Zone Communist Party Chinese Red ArmyCommanders and leadersMao Zedong Li ZhenCasualties and lossesabout 390 000 Hunanese civilians were killed 1 Autumn Harvest UprisingSimplified Chinese秋收起义Traditional Chinese秋收起義TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinQiushōu QǐyiWade GilesCh iu shou Chi yi After initial success the uprising was brutally put down by Kuomintang forces Mao continued to believe in the rural strategy but concluded that it would be necessary to form a party army 2 Contents 1 Background 2 The uprising 3 Reasons for the uprising s failure 3 1 Mass killings against Hunanese civilians 4 Notes 5 References and further readingBackground editIn support of the Northern Expedition Mao was sent to survey peasant conditions in his home province of Hunan His Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan urged support for rural revolution 3 The uprising editInitially Mao struggled to garner forces for an uprising but Li Zhen rallied the peasantry and members of her local where communist troop to join 4 Mao then led a small peasant army where against the Kuomintang and the landlords of Hunan successfully establishing a Soviet government The uprising was eventually defeated by Kuomintang forces within two months after the Soviet was established Mao and the others were forced to retreat to the Jinggang Mountains on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi provinces where he encountered an army of miners which would help him in later battles This was one of the early armed uprisings by the Communists and it marked a significant change in their strategy Mao and Red Army founder Zhu De went on to develop a rural based strategy that centered on guerrilla tactics This paved the way for the Long March of 1934 Reasons for the uprising s failure editThe uprising shows the overwhelming importance of an organized military force to the success or failure of an insurrection the failure reveals that the role and question of military force was given different emphasis by operatives of different levels in the communist party and came to be a topic of serious contention and disagreement which led to the disorganization An obvious lack of appreciation for rudimentary pre insurrectionary military organization hints that Mao was more putschist to a point than this Chinese or Russian superiors 5 Mass killings against Hunanese civilians edit Nationalist anti communist mass killings were directed against all Hunanese civilians About 80 000 Hunanese were killed in Hunan s Liling and about 300 000 Hunanese were killed in Hunan s Chaling County Leiyang Liuyang and Pingjiang 6 Notes edit Short Philip 18 December 2016 Mao The Man Who Made China Bloomsbury ISBN 9781786730152 Li Xiaobing China at War An Encyclopedia ABC CLIO 2012 pp 5 8 Hofheinz Jr 1977 Wu 吴 Zhife 志菲 2003 Li Zhen cong tongyangxi dao kaiguo jiangjun 李贞 从童养媳到开国将军 Renmin Wang Archived from the original on 8 July 2015 Retrieved 27 November 2011 Hofheinz Roy 1967 The Autumn Harvest Insurrection The China Quarterly 32 32 37 87 doi 10 1017 S0305741000047214 ISSN 0305 7410 JSTOR 651405 S2CID 154891728 Short Philip 18 December 2016 Mao The Man Who Made China Bloomsbury ISBN 9781786730152 References and further reading editHofheinz Jr Roy 1977 The Broken Wave The Chinese Communist Peasant Movement 1922 1928 Cambridge Mass Harvard University Press ISBN 9780674083912 Reprinted De Gruyter 2014 eBook Archived 2018 06 09 at the Wayback Machine Li Xiaobing China at War An Encyclopedia ABC CLIO 2012 pp 15 16 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Autumn Harvest Uprising amp oldid 1192909550, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
