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Austrian Nazism

March 08, 2023

Austrian Nazism or Austrian National Socialism was a pan-German movement that was formed at the beginning of the 20th century. The movement took a concrete form on 15 November 1903 when the German Worker's Party (DAP) was established in Austria with its secretariat stationed in the town of Aussig (now Ústí nad Labem in the Czech Republic). It was suppressed under the rule of Engelbert Dollfuss (1932–34), with its political organization, the DNSAP ("German National Socialist Workers' Party") banned in early 1933, but was revived and made part of the German Nazi Party after the German annexation of Austria in 1938.[16]

German National Socialist
Workers' Party
Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei
AbbreviationDNSAP
Landesinspekteur
LandesleiterHermann Neubacher
Josef Leopold[3][4]
FoundersAlfred Proksch[5]
... and others
Founded5 May 1918; 104 years ago (5 May 1918)
Banned19 June 1933; 89 years ago (19 June 1933)[6][7]
Preceded byGerman Workers' Party[8]
Membership34,000 (1923 est.)[9]
IdeologyNazism[10][11]
Political positionFar-right
Electoral allianceChristian National Congregation [de] (1922 [de])[15]
Colours  Brown

Origins

Franko Stein, from the town of Eger (now Cheb, Czech Republic) and an apprentice bookbinder Ludwig Vogel, from the town of Brüx (now Most, Czech Republic), organised the Deutschnationaler Arbeiterbund (German National Workers' League) in 1893. It was a collection of labourers, apprentices, and trade unionists from the railroads, mines, and textile industries, who upheld nationalism as a result of their conflicts with the non-German-speaking portions of the workforce, especially in the railway systems. In 1899, Stein was able to convene a workers' congress in Eger and promulgated a 25-point program.

Another convention was called in April 1902, under the title of "German-Political Workers' Association for Austria" (German: Deutschpolitischer Arbeiterverein für Österreich), in Saaz. In Aussig, on 15 November 1903, they reorganized under the name of the "German Workers' Party in Austria" (German: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei in Österreich). At further party congresses, Hans Knirsch proposed to call themselves the "Nationalsozialistische" (National-Socialist) or "Deutsch-Soziale" (German-social) Workers' Party. The Bohemian groups blocked the proposal, who did not want to copy the name of the Czech National Social Party. An early member of this group is Ferdinand Burschowsky, a printer from Hohenstadt (Moravia), who was active in writing and publishing.

DNSAP

At a party congress in Vienna in May 1918, the DAP changed its name to the Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei (DNSAP) and produced a National Socialist Program, which is thought to have influenced the later German Nazi manifesto.[citation needed] From 1920, the swastika was added as the party symbol. Before 1920, it consisted of a hammer, oak leaves and a quill.[17][18]

The Austrian DNSAP split into several factions in 1923 and again in 1926, the Deutschsozialen Verein (German-Social Association) led by Dr. Walter Riehl, the Schulz-Gruppe,[19][20] NSDAP-Hitlerbewegung [de], and other splinter groups.[21] After 1930, most former DNSAP members became supporters of the German NSDAP led by Austrian-born Adolf Hitler and were one of the chief elements leading the pro-Nazi coup in 1938 that brought about the Anschluss of Austria with Germany.

According to fascism scholar Stanley G. Payne, if elections had been held in 1933, the DNSAP might have mustered about 25% of the votes. Contemporary Time magazine analysts suggested a higher support of 50%, with a 75% approval rate in the Tyrol region bordering Nazi Germany.[22]

Leaders of the party, who were dubbed Landesleiter due to the recognition of Hitler as overall Führer, included Alfred Proksch (1931–33), Hermann Neubacher (1935) and Josef Leopold (1936–38), although real power frequently lay with Theodor Habicht, a German sent by Hitler to oversee Nazi activity in Austria.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Miller & Schulz 2017, pp. 362–363.
  2. ^ Rees (1990), p.169
  3. ^ Rees (1990), p.229
  4. ^ Parkinson, F. (1989) Conquering the Past: Austrian Nazism Yesterday and Today. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p.49. ISBN 978-0-8143-2055-6
  5. ^ Rees (1990), p.305
  6. ^ "Austrian Nazis Are Outlawed", Montreal Gazette, (June 20, 1933), p. 1.
  7. ^ Bukey 2002, p. 44.
  8. ^ Lauridsen, John T. (2007) Nazism and the Radical Right in Austria, 1918-1934. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. p.283 ISBN 978-87-635-0221-4
  9. ^ Kriechbaumer, Robert (2001), Die großen Erzählungen der Politik. Politische Kultur und Parteien in Österreich von der Jahrhundertwende bis 1945, Schriftenreihe des Forschungsinstitutes für politisch-historische Studien der Dr.-Wilfried-Haslauer-Bibliothek, Salzburg 12 (in German), Wien / Köln / Weimar: Böhlau, p. 775, ISBN 3-205-99400-0
  10. ^ Whiteside (1962), pp.1–3
  11. ^ Nicholls, David (2000) Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion. ABC-CLIO. pp.236–37. ISBN 978-0-87436-965-6
  12. ^ Wladika, Michael (2005), Hitlers Vätergeneration: Die Ursprünge des Nationalsozialismus in der k.u.k. Monarchie (in German), Böhlau Verlag, p. 157, ISBN 978-3-205-77337-5
  13. ^ Wladika, Michael (2005), Hitlers Vätergeneration: Die Ursprünge des Nationalsozialismus in der k.u.k. Monarchie (in German), Böhlau Verlag, p. 157, ISBN 9783205773375
  14. ^ David Nicholls. Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. pp. 236–37.
  15. ^ Voithofer, Richard (2000) "Drum schliesst Euch frisch an Deutschland an …". Die Grossdeutsche Volkspartei in Salzburg 1920–1936 Böhlau, Wien/Köln/Weimar. pp.188–198
  16. ^ Kirk, Timothy (1996). Nazism and the Working Class in Austria. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47501-3.
  17. ^ Jungcurt, Uta (2016) Alldeutscher Extremismus in der Weimarer Republik. Denken und Handeln einer einflussreichen Minderheit Berlin: De Gruyter. p.150
  18. ^ [https://arplan.org/2019/10/17/german-national-socialist-workers-party ("National Socialists Before Hitler, Part IV: The German National Socialist Workers’ Party (DNSAP)")
  19. ^ Dirk Hänisch (1998), Die österreichischen NSDAP-Wähler: Eine empirische Analyse ihrer politischen Herkunft und ihres Sozialprofils, Böhlaus Zeitgeschichtliche Bibliothek 35 Helmut Konrad (in German), Wien / Köln / Weimar: Böhlau, pp. 71 f., ISBN 3-205-98714-4
  20. ^ aieou: http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.n/n122448.htm Nationalsozialismus
  21. ^ Der Zwist der Nationalsozialisten. In: Salzburger Volksblatt, 6 September 1926, p. 1 (Online at ANNO)Template:ANNO/Maintenance/svb
  22. ^ . Time. September 25, 1933. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011.

Bibliography

Further reading

  • Pauley, Bruce F. (1981) Hitler and the Forgotten Nazis: A History of Austrian National Socialism. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaL University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1456-3
  • Pauley, Bruce F. (1979). "From Splinter Party to Mass Movement: The Austrian Nazi Breakthrough". German Studies Review. German Studies Association. 2 (1): 7–29. doi:10.2307/1428703. JSTOR 1428703.

March 08, 2023
austrian, nazism, austrian, national, socialism, german, movement, that, formed, beginning, 20th, century, movement, took, concrete, form, november, 1903, when, german, worker, party, established, austria, with, secretariat, stationed, town, aussig, Ústí, labe. Austrian Nazism or Austrian National Socialism was a pan German movement that was formed at the beginning of the 20th century The movement took a concrete form on 15 November 1903 when the German Worker s Party DAP was established in Austria with its secretariat stationed in the town of Aussig now Usti nad Labem in the Czech Republic It was suppressed under the rule of Engelbert Dollfuss 1932 34 with its political organization the DNSAP German National Socialist Workers Party banned in early 1933 but was revived and made part of the German Nazi Party after the German annexation of Austria in 1938 16 German National SocialistWorkers Party Deutsche Nationalsozialistische ArbeiterparteiAbbreviationDNSAPLandesinspekteurTheodor Habicht 1 2 LandesleiterHermann NeubacherJosef Leopold 3 4 FoundersAlfred Proksch 5 and others Franko SteinLudwig VogelHans KnirschRudolf JungHans KrebsWalter RiehlFounded5 May 1918 104 years ago 5 May 1918 Banned19 June 1933 89 years ago 19 June 1933 6 7 Preceded byGerman Workers Party 8 Membership34 000 1923 est 9 IdeologyNazism 10 11 Pan Germanism 12 Austro German nationalism Anti Marxism 13 14 VolksgemeinschaftPolitical positionFar rightElectoral allianceChristian National Congregation de 1922 de 15 Colours BrownPolitics of AustriaPolitical partiesElections Contents 1 Origins 2 DNSAP 3 See also 4 ReferencesOrigins EditFranko Stein from the town of Eger now Cheb Czech Republic and an apprentice bookbinder Ludwig Vogel from the town of Brux now Most Czech Republic organised the Deutschnationaler Arbeiterbund German National Workers League in 1893 It was a collection of labourers apprentices and trade unionists from the railroads mines and textile industries who upheld nationalism as a result of their conflicts with the non German speaking portions of the workforce especially in the railway systems In 1899 Stein was able to convene a workers congress in Eger and promulgated a 25 point program Another convention was called in April 1902 under the title of German Political Workers Association for Austria German Deutschpolitischer Arbeiterverein fur Osterreich in Saaz In Aussig on 15 November 1903 they reorganized under the name of the German Workers Party in Austria German Deutsche Arbeiterpartei in Osterreich At further party congresses Hans Knirsch proposed to call themselves the Nationalsozialistische National Socialist or Deutsch Soziale German social Workers Party The Bohemian groups blocked the proposal who did not want to copy the name of the Czech National Social Party An early member of this group is Ferdinand Burschowsky a printer from Hohenstadt Moravia who was active in writing and publishing DNSAP EditAt a party congress in Vienna in May 1918 the DAP changed its name to the Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei DNSAP and produced a National Socialist Program which is thought to have influenced the later German Nazi manifesto citation needed From 1920 the swastika was added as the party symbol Before 1920 it consisted of a hammer oak leaves and a quill 17 18 The Austrian DNSAP split into several factions in 1923 and again in 1926 the Deutschsozialen Verein German Social Association led by Dr Walter Riehl the Schulz Gruppe 19 20 NSDAP Hitlerbewegung de and other splinter groups 21 After 1930 most former DNSAP members became supporters of the German NSDAP led by Austrian born Adolf Hitler and were one of the chief elements leading the pro Nazi coup in 1938 that brought about the Anschluss of Austria with Germany According to fascism scholar Stanley G Payne if elections had been held in 1933 the DNSAP might have mustered about 25 of the votes Contemporary Time magazine analysts suggested a higher support of 50 with a 75 approval rate in the Tyrol region bordering Nazi Germany 22 Leaders of the party who were dubbed Landesleiter due to the recognition of Hitler as overall Fuhrer included Alfred Proksch 1931 33 Hermann Neubacher 1935 and Josef Leopold 1936 38 although real power frequently lay with Theodor Habicht a German sent by Hitler to oversee Nazi activity in Austria See also EditNazi Party Austrian SS Austrofascism Austria under Nazism Weimar Timeline German Workers Party Austria Hungary References EditNotes Miller amp Schulz 2017 pp 362 363 Rees 1990 p 169 Rees 1990 p 229 Parkinson F 1989 Conquering the Past Austrian Nazism Yesterday and Today Detroit Wayne State University Press p 49 ISBN 978 0 8143 2055 6 Rees 1990 p 305 Austrian Nazis Are Outlawed Montreal Gazette June 20 1933 p 1 Bukey 2002 p 44 Lauridsen John T 2007 Nazism and the Radical Right in Austria 1918 1934 Copenhagen Museum Tusculanum Press p 283 ISBN 978 87 635 0221 4 Kriechbaumer Robert 2001 Die grossen Erzahlungen der Politik Politische Kultur und Parteien in Osterreich von der Jahrhundertwende bis 1945 Schriftenreihe des Forschungsinstitutes fur politisch historische Studien der Dr Wilfried Haslauer Bibliothek Salzburg 12 in German Wien Koln Weimar Bohlau p 775 ISBN 3 205 99400 0 Whiteside 1962 pp 1 3 Nicholls David 2000 Adolf Hitler A Biographical Companion ABC CLIO pp 236 37 ISBN 978 0 87436 965 6 Wladika Michael 2005 Hitlers Vatergeneration Die Ursprunge des Nationalsozialismus in der k u k Monarchie in German Bohlau Verlag p 157 ISBN 978 3 205 77337 5 Wladika Michael 2005 Hitlers Vatergeneration Die Ursprunge des Nationalsozialismus in der k u k Monarchie in German Bohlau Verlag p 157 ISBN 9783205773375 David Nicholls Adolf Hitler A Biographical Companion Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press 2000 pp 236 37 Voithofer Richard 2000 Drum schliesst Euch frisch an Deutschland an Die Grossdeutsche Volkspartei in Salzburg 1920 1936 Bohlau Wien Koln Weimar pp 188 198 Kirk Timothy 1996 Nazism and the Working Class in Austria Cambridge England Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 47501 3 Jungcurt Uta 2016 Alldeutscher Extremismus in der Weimarer Republik Denken und Handeln einer einflussreichen Minderheit Berlin De Gruyter p 150 https arplan org 2019 10 17 german national socialist workers party National Socialists Before Hitler Part IV The German National Socialist Workers Party DNSAP Dirk Hanisch 1998 Die osterreichischen NSDAP Wahler Eine empirische Analyse ihrer politischen Herkunft und ihres Sozialprofils Bohlaus Zeitgeschichtliche Bibliothek 35 Helmut Konrad in German Wien Koln Weimar Bohlau pp 71 f ISBN 3 205 98714 4 aieou http www aeiou at aeiou encyclop n n122448 htm Nationalsozialismus Der Zwist der Nationalsozialisten In Salzburger Volksblatt 6 September 1926 p 1 Online at ANNO Template ANNO Maintenance svb AUSTRIA Eve of Renewal Time September 25 1933 Archived from the original on July 2 2011 Bibliography Bukey Evan Burr 2002 Hitler s Austria Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era 1938 1945 University of North Carolina Press ISBN 978 0 8078 5363 4 Miller Michael D Schulz Andreas 2017 Gauleiter the regional leaders of the Nazi party and their deputies 1925 1945 San Jose Calif R James Bender Publishing ISBN 1 932970 21 5 Rees Philip 1990 Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 13 089301 7 Whiteside Andrew Gladding 1962 Austrian National Socialism Before 1918 The Hague Martinus Nijhoff Further reading Pauley Bruce F 1981 Hitler and the Forgotten Nazis A History of Austrian National Socialism Chapel Hill North CarolinaL University of North Carolina Press ISBN 0 8078 1456 3 Pauley Bruce F 1979 From Splinter Party to Mass Movement The Austrian Nazi Breakthrough German Studies Review German Studies Association 2 1 7 29 doi 10 2307 1428703 JSTOR 1428703 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Austrian Nazism amp oldid 1139679894, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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