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Astyanax atratoensis

December 20, 2023

Astyanax atratoensis is a small freshwater fish that occupies the Atrato river basin in Colombia. Originally described from a tributary therein, the Truandó River, it gets its specific epithet from the region. Though it faces no imminent threats, A. atratoensis inhabits waterways with a history of severe environmental pressure in the form of anthropogenic pollution. Several restoration efforts have been undertaken in the relevant regions.

Astyanax atratoensis
1907 illustration
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Family: Characidae
Genus: Astyanax
Species:
A. atratoensis
Binomial name
Astyanax atratoensis
Eigenmann, 1907

Populations exist at both low and high elevations, and have adapted to their respective surroundings; higher-elevation specimens have deeper bodies than lower-elevation ones. The color pattern, however, remains the same - largely silver, with a reflective silver lateral stripe and a small blotch of pigment on the caudal peduncle. It also has an ovoid humeral spot with vertical elongation, which can be used to differentiate it from similar congeners.

Taxonomy edit

Astyanax atratoensis was first described by prolific German-American ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann in 1907, with findings published in the relevant edition of the Proceedings of the United States National Museum.[2] The article was co-authored by Fletcher Ogle, a fellow ichthyologist.[3] The type specimen has since gone missing, though when this happened is unknown.[4]

In the nominal article, Eigenmann remarked that A. atratoensis is closely related to congener Astyanax caucanus, which was named by Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner in 1879.[5] Further, it is related to multiple other species of Astyanax that all share the subgenus Zygogaster, to which A. atratoensis was originally designated.[6] More modern interpretations often place it in the subgenus Poecilurichthys.[7][8]

Etymology edit

Given that A. atratoensis is endemic to the Atrato River basin in Colombia, its specific epithet originates therein. The genus name "Astyanax" is slightly less clear, as it had no defined reasoning in the original text, but the allusion lies in Homer's Iliad; Astyanax was a warrior of Troy, and the son of prince Hector.[9] One possible reason for such a name is that the scales of type species Astyanax argentatus are large and silvery, such that they could be compared to armor or a shield.[10]

Description edit

Astyanax atratoensis is subrhomboidal in body shape, and commonly reaches a maximum length of roughly 10.3 cm (4.1 in) standard length (SL).[9] It is possible for the fish to reach nearly twice that length, however; specimens from a particular delta in the Arato River were as large as 21.5 cm (8.5 in) total length.[11] It is largely an iridescent silver, with a distinct humeral spot of a vertically elongated oval shape. There is a silver lateral stripe that terminates at a small dark blotch on the caudal peduncle.[5]

There are between 35 and 39 rays in the anal fin (depending on the source consulted), which can be used as an identifying characteristic when comparing A. atratoensis to similar congeners.[5][12] The dorsal fin has 10–11 rays,[5] and the predorsal series of scales is incomplete.[8] Though environment can affect morphology, resulting in a deeper body at higher elevations, separate populations of A. atratoensis do not demonstrate differences severe enough to warrant confusion with another species.[6][13]

Distribution and ecology edit

Astyanax atratoensis is endemic to its namesake, the Atrato River basin in Colombia. Its type locality is the Truandó River.[1] It can be found at both high and low elevations within the basin, and the environment in which a particular specimen was found can have an impact on its morphology. Specifically, populations of A. atratoensis at higher elevations have a deeper body than those at lower elevations, which are more fusiform. The reasons for this differentiation are unclear, but current hypotheses include differing riparian zones, hydrological features like current speed, and risk of exposure to predatory birds.[13]

Other members of the genus in regions with healthy riparian vegetation tend to be adaptable omnivores that consume plentiful allochthonous material.[14][15] When it comes to the dietary needs and preferences of A. atratoensis in particular, details are sparse.

Conservation status edit

Astyanax atratoensis is considered a species of least concern by the IUCN. Despite a somewhat restricted distribution, nothing currently serves as an imminent threat to population levels, and so A. atratoensis is not endangered.[1]

Its native range, however, may face some environmental pressure. The Atrato River basin has a history of severe pollution. Nonetheless, recent action - most notably a court ruling in 2016 - has prompted conservation and cleanup efforts, largely on the part of the Colombian government.[16] The 2016 ruling sought out a different approach to conservation in that, rather than enacting protective legislation, the Colombian Constitutional Court recognized the river as its own distinct entity deserving of protection and restoration, as a human would be; as of 2021, this had resulted in only minor project implementation, with several larger aspects still in the planning stages.[17]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Villa-Navarro, F.; Sanchez-Duarte, P. (2016). "Astyanax atratoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T49830326A61473903. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T49830326A61473903.en. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  2. ^ Bailly, Nicolas (2017). "Astyanax atratoensis Eigenmann, 1907". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  3. ^ Jaime, Villa (1976). "Ichthyology of the Lakes of Nicaragua: Historical Perspective". Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes. 8. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  4. ^ Reis, Roberto E.; Kullander, Sven O.; Ferraris, jr, Carl J. (January 2003). "Genera incertae sedis in Characidae". Checklist of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America: 106–169.
  5. ^ a b c d Eigenmann, Carl H.; Ogle, Fletcher (1908). "An annotated list of characin fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with descriptions of new species". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 33 (1556): 1–33. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.33-1556.1. ISSN 0096-3801. OCLC 1259735. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  6. ^ a b Ruiz-C., R. I.; Román-Valencia, C.; Herrera-M., B. E.; Peláez, O. E.; Ermakova-A., A. (2011). "Variación morfológica de las especies de Astyanax, subgénero Zygogaster (Teleostei, Characidae)". Animal Biodiversity and Conservation. 34 (1): 47–66. doi:10.32800/abc.2011.34.0047. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  7. ^ Schmitter-Soto, Juan J. (6 May 2016). "A phylogeny of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America". Zootaxa. 4109 (2): 101. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.1.
  8. ^ a b "Astyanax panamensis (Günther 1864)". treatment.plazi.org. Plazi. 11 August 2021.
  9. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Astyanax atratoensis" in FishBase. May 2023 version.
  10. ^ Scharpf, Christopher; Lazara, Kenneth J. (29 December 2022). "Order CHARACIFORMES: Family CHARACIDAE: Subfamily STETHAPRIONINAE (a-g)". The ETYFish Project. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  11. ^ Correa-Herrera, T.; Jiménez-Segura, L. F.; Barletta, M. (July 2016). "Fish species from a micro-tidal delta in the Caribbean Sea: species from a Colombian Caribbean Estuary". Journal of Fish Biology. 89 (1): 863–875. doi:10.1111/jfb.12860.
  12. ^ Schmitter-Soto, Juan J. (26 June 2017). "A revision of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America, with the description of nine new species". Journal of Natural History. 51 (23–24): 1331–1424. doi:10.1080/00222933.2017.1324050.
  13. ^ a b Sosa, Timothy (December 2012). Evolution in Fresh Waters During the Great American Interchange (PhD Dissertation). University of Chicago. doi:10.6082/uchicago.1574. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  14. ^ Vilella, Fábio Silveira; Becker, Fernando Gertum; Hartz, Sandra Maria (June 2002). "Diet of Astyanax species (Teleostei, Characidae) in an Atlantic Forest River in Southern Brazil". Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 45 (2): 223–232. doi:10.1590/S1516-89132002000200015.
  15. ^ Souza, Rosangela Guarisso de; Lima-Junior, Sidnei Eduardo (6 May 2013). "Influence of environmental quality on the diet of Astyanax in a microbasin of central western Brazil". Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences. 35 (2): 179–184. doi:10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i2.15570.
  16. ^ Ebus, Bram (22 May 2017). "Colombia's constitutional court grants rights to the Atrato River and orders the government to clean up its waters". news.mongabay.com. Mongabay. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  17. ^ Wesche, Philipp (17 November 2021). "Rights of Nature in Practice: A Case Study on the Impacts of the Colombian Atrato River Decision". Journal of Environmental Law. 33 (3): 531–555. doi:10.1093/jel/eqab021.

December 20, 2023
astyanax, atratoensis, small, freshwater, fish, that, occupies, atrato, river, basin, colombia, originally, described, from, tributary, therein, truandó, river, gets, specific, epithet, from, region, though, faces, imminent, threats, atratoensis, inhabits, wat. Astyanax atratoensis is a small freshwater fish that occupies the Atrato river basin in Colombia Originally described from a tributary therein the Truando River it gets its specific epithet from the region Though it faces no imminent threats A atratoensis inhabits waterways with a history of severe environmental pressure in the form of anthropogenic pollution Several restoration efforts have been undertaken in the relevant regions Astyanax atratoensis1907 illustrationConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder CharaciformesFamily CharacidaeGenus AstyanaxSpecies A atratoensisBinomial nameAstyanax atratoensisEigenmann 1907Populations exist at both low and high elevations and have adapted to their respective surroundings higher elevation specimens have deeper bodies than lower elevation ones The color pattern however remains the same largely silver with a reflective silver lateral stripe and a small blotch of pigment on the caudal peduncle It also has an ovoid humeral spot with vertical elongation which can be used to differentiate it from similar congeners Contents 1 Taxonomy 1 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 Distribution and ecology 4 Conservation status 5 ReferencesTaxonomy editAstyanax atratoensis was first described by prolific German American ichthyologist Carl H Eigenmann in 1907 with findings published in the relevant edition of the Proceedings of the United States National Museum 2 The article was co authored by Fletcher Ogle a fellow ichthyologist 3 The type specimen has since gone missing though when this happened is unknown 4 In the nominal article Eigenmann remarked that A atratoensis is closely related to congener Astyanax caucanus which was named by Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner in 1879 5 Further it is related to multiple other species of Astyanax that all share the subgenus Zygogaster to which A atratoensis was originally designated 6 More modern interpretations often place it in the subgenus Poecilurichthys 7 8 Etymology edit Given that A atratoensis is endemic to the Atrato River basin in Colombia its specific epithet originates therein The genus name Astyanax is slightly less clear as it had no defined reasoning in the original text but the allusion lies in Homer s Iliad Astyanax was a warrior of Troy and the son of prince Hector 9 One possible reason for such a name is that the scales of type species Astyanax argentatus are large and silvery such that they could be compared to armor or a shield 10 Description editAstyanax atratoensis is subrhomboidal in body shape and commonly reaches a maximum length of roughly 10 3 cm 4 1 in standard length SL 9 It is possible for the fish to reach nearly twice that length however specimens from a particular delta in the Arato River were as large as 21 5 cm 8 5 in total length 11 It is largely an iridescent silver with a distinct humeral spot of a vertically elongated oval shape There is a silver lateral stripe that terminates at a small dark blotch on the caudal peduncle 5 There are between 35 and 39 rays in the anal fin depending on the source consulted which can be used as an identifying characteristic when comparing A atratoensis to similar congeners 5 12 The dorsal fin has 10 11 rays 5 and the predorsal series of scales is incomplete 8 Though environment can affect morphology resulting in a deeper body at higher elevations separate populations of A atratoensis do not demonstrate differences severe enough to warrant confusion with another species 6 13 Distribution and ecology editAstyanax atratoensis is endemic to its namesake the Atrato River basin in Colombia Its type locality is the Truando River 1 It can be found at both high and low elevations within the basin and the environment in which a particular specimen was found can have an impact on its morphology Specifically populations of A atratoensis at higher elevations have a deeper body than those at lower elevations which are more fusiform The reasons for this differentiation are unclear but current hypotheses include differing riparian zones hydrological features like current speed and risk of exposure to predatory birds 13 Other members of the genus in regions with healthy riparian vegetation tend to be adaptable omnivores that consume plentiful allochthonous material 14 15 When it comes to the dietary needs and preferences of A atratoensis in particular details are sparse Conservation status editAstyanax atratoensis is considered a species of least concern by the IUCN Despite a somewhat restricted distribution nothing currently serves as an imminent threat to population levels and so A atratoensis is not endangered 1 Its native range however may face some environmental pressure The Atrato River basin has a history of severe pollution Nonetheless recent action most notably a court ruling in 2016 has prompted conservation and cleanup efforts largely on the part of the Colombian government 16 The 2016 ruling sought out a different approach to conservation in that rather than enacting protective legislation the Colombian Constitutional Court recognized the river as its own distinct entity deserving of protection and restoration as a human would be as of 2021 this had resulted in only minor project implementation with several larger aspects still in the planning stages 17 References edit a b c Villa Navarro F Sanchez Duarte P 2016 Astyanax atratoensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T49830326A61473903 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 1 RLTS T49830326A61473903 en Retrieved 29 April 2023 Bailly Nicolas 2017 Astyanax atratoensis Eigenmann 1907 WoRMS World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 3 May 2023 Jaime Villa 1976 Ichthyology of the Lakes of Nicaragua Historical Perspective Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes 8 Retrieved 3 May 2023 Reis Roberto E Kullander Sven O Ferraris jr Carl J January 2003 Genera incertae sedis in Characidae Checklist of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America 106 169 a b c d Eigenmann Carl H Ogle Fletcher 1908 An annotated list of characin fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University with descriptions of new species Proceedings of the United States National Museum 33 1556 1 33 doi 10 5479 si 00963801 33 1556 1 ISSN 0096 3801 OCLC 1259735 Retrieved 3 May 2023 a b Ruiz C R I Roman Valencia C Herrera M B E Pelaez O E Ermakova A A 2011 Variacion morfologica de las especies de Astyanax subgenero Zygogaster Teleostei Characidae Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 34 1 47 66 doi 10 32800 abc 2011 34 0047 Retrieved 3 May 2023 Schmitter Soto Juan J 6 May 2016 A phylogeny of Astyanax Characiformes Characidae in Central and North America Zootaxa 4109 2 101 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 4109 2 1 a b Astyanax panamensis Gunther 1864 treatment plazi org Plazi 11 August 2021 a b Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2023 Astyanax atratoensis in FishBase May 2023 version Scharpf Christopher Lazara Kenneth J 29 December 2022 Order CHARACIFORMES Family CHARACIDAE Subfamily STETHAPRIONINAE a g The ETYFish Project Retrieved 3 May 2023 Correa Herrera T Jimenez Segura L F Barletta M July 2016 Fish species from a micro tidal delta in the Caribbean Sea species from a Colombian Caribbean Estuary Journal of Fish Biology 89 1 863 875 doi 10 1111 jfb 12860 Schmitter Soto Juan J 26 June 2017 A revision of Astyanax Characiformes Characidae in Central and North America with the description of nine new species Journal of Natural History 51 23 24 1331 1424 doi 10 1080 00222933 2017 1324050 a b Sosa Timothy December 2012 Evolution in Fresh Waters During the Great American Interchange PhD Dissertation University of Chicago doi 10 6082 uchicago 1574 Retrieved 3 May 2023 Vilella Fabio Silveira Becker Fernando Gertum Hartz Sandra Maria June 2002 Diet of Astyanax species Teleostei Characidae in an Atlantic Forest River in Southern Brazil Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45 2 223 232 doi 10 1590 S1516 89132002000200015 Souza Rosangela Guarisso de Lima Junior Sidnei Eduardo 6 May 2013 Influence of environmental quality on the diet of Astyanax in a microbasin of central western Brazil Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences 35 2 179 184 doi 10 4025 actascibiolsci v35i2 15570 Ebus Bram 22 May 2017 Colombia s constitutional court grants rights to the Atrato River and orders the government to clean up its waters news mongabay com Mongabay Retrieved 3 May 2023 Wesche Philipp 17 November 2021 Rights of Nature in Practice A Case Study on the Impacts of the Colombian Atrato River Decision Journal of Environmental Law 33 3 531 555 doi 10 1093 jel eqab021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Astyanax atratoensis amp oldid 1189870416, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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