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Arturo Casadevall

October 21, 2023

Arturo Casadevall is a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and the Alfred and Jill Sommer Professor and Chair of the W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.[1] He is an internationally recognized expert in infectious disease research, with a focus on fungal and bacterial pathogenesis and basic immunology of antibody structure-function. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2022.[2]

Arturo Casadevall
Dr. Arturo Casadevall speaking about "Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in the Research of Health and Medicine" at the Osler Medical Symposium, held at Johns Hopkins University.
Born
Arturo Casadevall

1957
Sancti Spíritus, Cuba
NationalityAmerican
Alma materQueens College, City University of New York (B.A.)
New York University(M.S., Ph.D., M.D.)
Known forFungal and bacterial pathogenesis
Setosphaeria rostrata
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacillus anthracis
mBio
AwardsBloomberg Distinguished Professorships (2015)
NIH Merit Award (2007)
AAAS Fellow (2006)
Scientific career
FieldsMicrobiology
Immunology
Infectious Diseases
InstitutionsJohns Hopkins University
Doctoral advisorLoren A. Day
WebsiteFaculty Webpage

Biography Edit

Arturo Casadevall was born in Sancti Spíritus, Cuba in 1957. He moved to Elmhurst, Queens, New York City in 1968 and became a U.S. citizen in 1976. Prior to his career in medicine, Casadevall worked at McDonald's for 4 years and later as a bank teller.[3] Casadevall received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Chemistry from Queens College, City University of New York in 1979, and his M.S. and Ph.D in Biochemistry from New York University in 1983 and 1984.[4] He then received his M.D. from New York University in 1985. Casadevall completed his internship and residency in internal medicine at the Bellevue Hospital Center, and a fellowship in infectious diseases at the Montefiore Medical Center of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Under the guidance of Matthew D. Scharff, he completed a postdoctoral fellowship in cell biology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine from 1989 to 1991.[5]

In 1992, he accepted an assistant professorship in medicine and microbiology & immunology at Albert Einstein. In 2000, he became the director of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Montefiore Medical Center and rose to the rank of full professor by 2001.[5] In 2002, he was named the Selma and Jacques Mitrani Professor in Biomedical Research. In 2006, he became the Chair of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and was named the Leo and Julia Forchheimer Professor of Microbiology Immunology. He is board-certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in the subspecialty of infectious diseases until 2023.

Until July 2009, Dr. Casadevall served as an editor of the ASM journal Infection and Immunity and continues to serve on the editorial boards of the Journal of Infectious Diseases and the Journal of Experimental Medicine.[4] He is also the founding Editor in Chief of mBio, the first open access general journal of the American Society for Microbiology.[5] He served as a member of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity from 2005 to 2014. Casadevall was also a commissioner for the National Forensic Commission of the United States Department of Justice from 2015 to 2017.[6]

In March 2015, Casadevall was named a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University for his accomplishments as an interdisciplinary researcher and excellence in teaching.[7][8] The Bloomberg Distinguished Professorship program was established in 2013 by a gift from Michael Bloomberg.[9][10] Casadevall holds appointments in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine’s Department of Infectious Diseases.[11][12] He also serves as the Alfred and Jill Sommer Professor and Chair of the W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Bloomberg School of Public Health in 2015. Casadevall is passionate about improving the doctoral curriculum, stating that he wants to “develop a program of putting the 'Ph' [philosophy] back into 'PhD’ [...] Hopkins reformed medical education 100 years ago, and now we can experiment with creating better ways of training scientists.”[12]

Casadevall is profiled in the last chapter of Range by David Epstein, a book arguing against specialization.[13] Epstein posits that Casadevall's early life experiences, including working odd jobs unrelated to medicine, contributed to his later success.[3]

Awards and distinctions Edit

Casadevall’s groundbreaking work in the field of infectious diseases has been recognized by many, including the National Institutes of Health, which presented him with a Merit Award in 2007.[14] He received several distinguished awards, including the Alumni Achievement Award in Basic Science from New York University, the Rhoda Benham Award of the Medical Mycological Society of the Americas, the Kass Lecture from the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the ASM Founders Distinguished Service Award from the American Society for Microbiology.[15][16]

In 2001, Casadevall received the Samuel M. Rosen outstanding teacher award and in 2008 he was recognized the American Society for Microbiology with the William Hinton Award for “outstanding contributions toward fostering the research training of underrepresented minorities in microbiology.”[5][14] ASM also notes that Casadevall was the first Hispanic Department Chair at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and has “provided exemplary training and mentoring to a significant number of minority scientists, and himself served as a role model of success.”[5]

He has served as President of the Medical Mycology Society of America, Chair of American Society for Microbiology Division F, Chair of the American Society for Microbiology Career Development Committee, and Co-Chair of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Board of Scientific Counselors, and currently serves on the Scientific Council of the Pasteur Institute.[17] He is a member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, American College of Physicians and the Association of American Physicians, and was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Microbiology.[5] In 2014, he became an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine and in 2017, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[18] In 2022, he was elected to National Academy of Sciences.[2]

Research Edit

Bridging the fields of microbiology and immunology, Casadevall's research is focused on fungal and bacterial pathogenesis and basic immunology of antibody structure-function. He has defined much of what is known about fungal pathogenesis and how fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans evade the host immune response.[19] Fungal infections are particularly dangerous in immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, making this work highly significant. With his collaborator Dr. Ekaterina (Kate) Dadachova, he pioneered the use of radioimmunotherapeutic strategies for the control of systemic fungal and other infections. During the course of his studies, he noted that certain fungi were radioresistant and worked to develop novel therapeutic strategies for a variety of human diseases including melanoma and infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis. He holds several active patents on these approaches.

Casadevall has a long record of outstanding scholarly and leadership contributions. His lab has studied host-microbe interactions with Cryptococcus neoformans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Bacillus anthracis, with a focus on microbial pathogenesis and mechanisms of antibody action. His lab established that humoral immunity could protect against intracellular pathogens, demonstrated that Cryptococcus neoformans was a facultative intracellular pathogen, and suggested that virulence in environmental fungi was selected by amoeba predators, a hypothesis dubbed "accidental virulence".[20] Jointly with British biologist Robin May,[21] his group were the first to observe non-lytic expulsion, or vomocytosis, of intracellular fungi.[22] Subsequently, with Kirsten Nielsen[23] at the University of Minnesota, he characterized the ability of cryptococci to form "giant" or "titan" cells in vivo,[24] unusually large cells that help drive persistent infections. His lab continues to work on fungal and bacterial pathogenesis.

Together with Liise-anne Pirofski, he proposed the ‘Damage-Response Framework’ of microbial pathogenesis, a new synthesis that shifted the emphasis away from focusing on microbes as pathogens, commensals, opportunists to the outcome of host-pathogen interactions.[25][26][27][28] The damage-response framework was the first theory of microbial pathogenesis to incorporate the contributions of both the host and the pathogen and refocused attention into the outcome of the interaction. From the view of the damage-response framework there are no pathogens, commensals, symbionts, etc., but only microbes and their hosts, which interact to produce the states of pathogenesis, commensalism, symbiosis, indifference, etc.[29]

In addition, Casadevall, in collaboration with Dr. Ferric C. Fang, has been constructive shaping the nations approach to science, scientific misconduct,[30][31] and promotion of women and underrepresented minorities.[32][33] Among his own trainees, nearly half are members of underrepresented minority groups and more than half are women.[14] With a focus on American Society for Microbiology events, Casadevall has been active in creating gender balance among speakers at conferences.[34][35] Along these lines, he stated: "When you have an underrepresentation of women as speakers and many panel discussions made up only of male researchers, you're sending the message that perhaps the field is not welcoming to women. That isn't the message we want to send."[36] His research on scientific misconduct has focused on fraudulent results published in journals and the subsequent rates of retraction.[37] In addition, his views on and analysis of topics ranging from problems with the funding pipeline to the rise in retractions in journals to the complex ethics of dual use research are widely sought by premier journals[38] and media outlets.[39]

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Casadevall investigated the use of antibody-containing blood serum from patients who have recovered from the virus as a measure to help until a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available.[40] These antibodies are produced as part of the body's natural immune response, and bind to and neutralize the virus. A transfusion of blood containing these antibodies boosts the immunity of newly infected patients or people at risk of contracting the disease.[41] Such infusions have been successfully implemented in past outbreaks, such as the SARS Epidemic, 1918 Flu Pandemic, and an outbreak of measles in 1934.[42][43]

Publications Edit

He has published more than 746 papers and 33 book chapters, largely in the fields of immunology and microbiology, genetics and molecular biology, biochemistry, and medicine, and more recently scientific culture and competition. Casadevall has more than 46,000 citations in Google Scholar and an h-index of 113.[44]

Books
  • 2011, Cryptococcus: from human pathogen to model yeast. with co-editors J. Heitman, T.R. Kozel, KJ Kwon-Chung, and JR Perfect, ASM Press.
  • 1998, Cryptococcus neoformans. with co-author John R. Perfect, ASM Press.
Highly Cited Articles[44]
  • 2020, with Liise-anne Pirofski, The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19, in: The Journal of Clinical Investigation. Vol. 130, nº 4; 1545–1548.
  • 2015, with Lisa Brown, Julie M Wolf, Rafael Prados-Rosales, Through the wall: extracellular vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi, in: Nature Reviews Microbiology. Vol. 13, nº 10; 620–630.
  • 2012, with JM Bardeen, JR Bond, and N Kaiser, Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications, in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 109, nº 42; 17028–17033.
  • 2003, with Joshua D Nosanchuk. The contribution of melanin to microbial pathogenesis , in: Cellular Microbiology. Vol. 5, nº 4; 203–223.
  • 2002, with John R Perfect. Cryptococcosis, in: Infectious disease clinics of North America. Vol. 16, nº 4; 837–874.
  • 2001, with JN Steenbergen and HA Shuman. Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic strategy in macrophages, in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 98, nº 26; 15245–15250.
  • 2000, with Gary M Cox, Jean Mukherjee, Garry T Cole, and John R Perfect. Urease as a virulence factor in experimental cryptococcosis, in: Infection and Immunity. Vol. 68, nº 2; 443–448.
  • 1999, with Sarah P Franzot and Ira F Salkin. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates, in: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Vol. 37, nº 3; 838–840.
  • 1999, with Liise-anne Pirofski, Host-pathogen interactions: redefining the basic concepts of virulence and pathogenicity , in: Infection and Immunity. Vol. 67, nº 8; 3703–3713.

References Edit

  1. ^ Brooks, Kelly "Johns Hopkins names four new Bloomberg Distinguished Professors", JHU Hub, Baltimore, 30 March 2015. Retrieved on 5 August 2015.
  2. ^ a b "2022 NAS Election".
  3. ^ a b Akst, Daniel. "The case for general excellence". strategy+business. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
  4. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Archived from the original on 2016-02-22. Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  6. ^ "Members | NCFS | Department of Justice". www.justice.gov. 2014-08-27. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
  7. ^ "Michael R. Bloomberg commits $350 million to Johns Hopkins for transformational academic initiative". 2013-01-26.
  8. ^ Anderson, Nick. "Bloomberg pledges $350 million to Johns Hopkins University", The Washington Post, Washington, D.C., 23 January 2013. Retrieved on 12 March 2015.
  9. ^ Barbaro, Michael. "$1.1 Billion in Thanks From Bloomberg to Johns Hopkins", The New York Times, New York, 26 January 2013. Retrieved on 1 March 2015.
  10. ^ "Michael R. Bloomberg Commits $350 Million to Johns Hopkins for Transformational Academic Initiative 2013".
  11. ^ "Arturo Casadevall Faculty Page". Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  12. ^ a b Brooks, Kelly "Johns Hopkins names four new Bloomberg Distinguished Professors", JHU Hub, Baltimore, 30 March 2015. Retrieved on 27 July 2015.
  13. ^ Epstein, David [@DavidEpstein] (27 March 2020). "I profiled Arturo Casadevall in the last chapter of Range, which is why I'm not so surprised that his interest in history has spawned an international collaboration" (Tweet). from the original on 10 October 2022 – via Twitter.
  14. ^ a b c "American Society for Microbiology honors Arturo Casadevall". Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  15. ^ "Speaker Profile: Arturo Casadevall" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  16. ^ "Arturo Casadevall, M.D., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Medicine". Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
  17. ^ "The E-newsletter of Einstein's MI Department, Summer 2013, Editors: Teresa DiLorenzo, Arturo Casadevall" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  18. ^ "NAM Meet the Class of 2014". Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  19. ^ "NIH Record: Casadevall Speaks on Origins of Microbial Virulence". Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  20. ^ Casadevall, Arturo; Heitman, Joseph; Kozel, Thomas R.; Kwon-Chung, Kyung-J.; Perfect, John R., eds. (2011). Cryptococcus: from human pathogen to model yeast (1st ed.). ISBN 978-1555815011.
  21. ^ Ma, H; Croudace, JE; Lammas, DA; May, RC (7 November 2006). "Expulsion of live pathogenic yeast by macrophages". Current Biology. 16 (21): 2156–60. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.09.032. PMID 17084701.
  22. ^ Alvarez, M; Casadevall, A (7 November 2006). "Phagosome extrusion and host-cell survival after Cryptococcus neoformans phagocytosis by macrophages". Current Biology. 16 (21): 2161–5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.09.061. PMID 17084702.
  23. ^ Okagaki, LH; Strain, AK; Nielsen, JN; Charlier, C; Baltes, NJ; Chrétien, F; Heitman, J; Dromer, F; Nielsen, K (17 June 2010). "Cryptococcal cell morphology affects host cell interactions and pathogenicity". PLOS Pathogens. 6 (6): e1000953. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000953. PMC 2887476. PMID 20585559.
  24. ^ Zaragoza, O; García-Rodas, R; Nosanchuk, JD; Cuenca-Estrella, M; Rodríguez-Tudela, JL; Casadevall, A (17 June 2010). "Fungal cell gigantism during mammalian infection". PLOS Pathogens. 6 (6): e1000945. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000945. PMC 2887474. PMID 20585557.
  25. ^ Casadevall, Arturo; Pirofski, Liise-anne (2003). "The damage-response framework of microbial pathogenesis". Nature Reviews Microbiology. Macmillan Publishers Limited. 1 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1038/nrmicro732. PMC 7097162. PMID 15040176.
  26. ^ Casadevall, Arturo; Pirofski, Liise-anne (2000). "Host-Pathogen Interactions: The basic concepts of microbial commensalism, colonization, infection, and disease". Infection and Immunity. American Society for Microbiology. 68 (12): 6511–6518. doi:10.1128/IAI.68.12.6511-6518.2000. PMC 97744. PMID 11083759.
  27. ^ Casadevall, Arturo; Pirofski, Liise-anne (1999). "Host-pathogen interactions: redefining the basic concepts of virulence and pathogenicity". Infection and Immunity. American Society for Microbiology. 67 (8): 3703–3713. doi:10.1128/IAI.67.8.3703-3713.1999. PMC 96643. PMID 10417127.
  28. ^ Casadevall, Arturo; Pirofski, Liise-anne (2001). "Host-pathogen interactions: the attributes of virulence". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press. 184 (3): 337–344. doi:10.1086/322044. PMID 11443560.
  29. ^ Pirofski, Liise-anne; Casadevall, Arturo (2012). "Q and A: What is a pathogen? A question that begs the point". BMC Biology. BioMed Central. 10 (6): 6. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-10-6. PMC 3269390. PMID 22293325.
  30. ^ Fang, Ferric C.; Casadevall, Arturo (2013). "Why We Cheat". Scientific American. 24 (2): 30–37. doi:10.1038/scientificamericanmind0513-30. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  31. ^ Relman, David A.; Osterholm, Michael T.; Keim, Paul; Imperiale, Michael J.; Enquist, Lynn; Casadevall, Arturo (2014-02-28). "mBio: Redaction of Sensitive Data in the Publication of Dual Use Research of Concern". mBio. 5 (1): e00991-13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00991-13. PMC 3884058. PMID 24381302.
  32. ^ "Science Careers: Countering gender bias at conferences". 2015-07-29. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  33. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  34. ^ Casadevall, Arturo; Handelsman, Jo (2014). "The Presence of Female Conveners Correlates with a Higher Proportion of Female Speakers at Scientific Symposia". mBio. 5 (1): e00846-13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00846-13. PMC 3884059. PMID 24399856.
  35. ^ "Striking a Gender Balance Among Speakers at Scientific Conferences". Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  36. ^ "Simple steps can lead to gender balance among speakers at scientific conferences". 2015-08-06. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  37. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  38. ^ Casadevall, A; Dermody, TS; Imperiale, MJ; Sandri-Goldin, RM; Shenk, T (2014). "On the Need for a National Board To Assess Dual Use Research of Concern". J. Virol. 88 (12): 6535–7. doi:10.1128/JVI.00875-14. PMC 4054389. PMID 24696484.
  39. ^ Imperiale, M. J.; Casadevall, A. (2015). "PLOS Medicine: A New Synthesis for Dual Use Research of Concern". PLOS Medicine. 12 (4): e1001813. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001813. PMC 4397073. PMID 25874461.
  40. ^ Casadevall, Arturo; Pirofski, Liise-anne (2020-03-13). "The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 130 (4): 1545–1548. doi:10.1172/JCI138003. ISSN 0021-9738. PMC 7108922. PMID 32167489.
  41. ^ Aspril, Joshua. "Infectious Disease Experts Recommend Using Antibodies from COVID-19 Survivors as Stopgap Measure to Treat Patients and Protect Healthcare Workers". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  42. ^ Pearce, Katie (2020-03-13). "Antibodies from COVID-19 survivors could be used to treat patients, protect those at risk". The Hub. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  43. ^ Casadevall, Arturo (2020-02-27). "Opinion | How a Boy's Blood Stopped an Outbreak". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  44. ^ a b Google Scholar "Author: Arturo Casadevall", Google Scholar, 4 August 2015. Retrieved on 4 August 2015.

External links Edit

  • Faculty Webpage
  • "Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in the Research of Health and Medicine" Johns Hopkins News-Letter coverage of the Osler Medical Symposium
  • Pubmed citations
  • Arturo Casadevall publications indexed by Google Scholar

October 21, 2023
arturo, casadevall, bloomberg, distinguished, professor, molecular, microbiology, immunology, infectious, diseases, johns, hopkins, bloomberg, school, public, health, johns, hopkins, school, medicine, alfred, jill, sommer, professor, chair, harry, feinstone, d. Arturo Casadevall is a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Molecular Microbiology amp Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Alfred and Jill Sommer Professor and Chair of the W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 1 He is an internationally recognized expert in infectious disease research with a focus on fungal and bacterial pathogenesis and basic immunology of antibody structure function He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2022 2 Arturo CasadevallDr Arturo Casadevall speaking about Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in the Research of Health and Medicine at the Osler Medical Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University BornArturo Casadevall1957Sancti Spiritus CubaNationalityAmericanAlma materQueens College City University of New York B A New York University M S Ph D M D Known forFungal and bacterial pathogenesis Setosphaeria rostrata Cryptococcus neoformans Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus anthracis mBioAwardsBloomberg Distinguished Professorships 2015 NIH Merit Award 2007 AAAS Fellow 2006 Scientific careerFieldsMicrobiologyImmunologyInfectious DiseasesInstitutionsJohns Hopkins UniversityDoctoral advisorLoren A DayWebsiteFaculty Webpage Contents 1 Biography 2 Awards and distinctions 3 Research 4 Publications 5 References 6 External linksBiography EditArturo Casadevall was born in Sancti Spiritus Cuba in 1957 He moved to Elmhurst Queens New York City in 1968 and became a U S citizen in 1976 Prior to his career in medicine Casadevall worked at McDonald s for 4 years and later as a bank teller 3 Casadevall received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Chemistry from Queens College City University of New York in 1979 and his M S and Ph D in Biochemistry from New York University in 1983 and 1984 4 He then received his M D from New York University in 1985 Casadevall completed his internship and residency in internal medicine at the Bellevue Hospital Center and a fellowship in infectious diseases at the Montefiore Medical Center of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine Under the guidance of Matthew D Scharff he completed a postdoctoral fellowship in cell biology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine from 1989 to 1991 5 In 1992 he accepted an assistant professorship in medicine and microbiology amp immunology at Albert Einstein In 2000 he became the director of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Montefiore Medical Center and rose to the rank of full professor by 2001 5 In 2002 he was named the Selma and Jacques Mitrani Professor in Biomedical Research In 2006 he became the Chair of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and was named the Leo and Julia Forchheimer Professor of Microbiology Immunology He is board certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in the subspecialty of infectious diseases until 2023 Until July 2009 Dr Casadevall served as an editor of the ASM journal Infection and Immunity and continues to serve on the editorial boards of the Journal of Infectious Diseases and the Journal of Experimental Medicine 4 He is also the founding Editor in Chief of mBio the first open access general journal of the American Society for Microbiology 5 He served as a member of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity from 2005 to 2014 Casadevall was also a commissioner for the National Forensic Commission of the United States Department of Justice from 2015 to 2017 6 In March 2015 Casadevall was named a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University for his accomplishments as an interdisciplinary researcher and excellence in teaching 7 8 The Bloomberg Distinguished Professorship program was established in 2013 by a gift from Michael Bloomberg 9 10 Casadevall holds appointments in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health s Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine s Department of Infectious Diseases 11 12 He also serves as the Alfred and Jill Sommer Professor and Chair of the W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Bloomberg School of Public Health in 2015 Casadevall is passionate about improving the doctoral curriculum stating that he wants to develop a program of putting the Ph philosophy back into PhD Hopkins reformed medical education 100 years ago and now we can experiment with creating better ways of training scientists 12 Casadevall is profiled in the last chapter of Range by David Epstein a book arguing against specialization 13 Epstein posits that Casadevall s early life experiences including working odd jobs unrelated to medicine contributed to his later success 3 Awards and distinctions EditCasadevall s groundbreaking work in the field of infectious diseases has been recognized by many including the National Institutes of Health which presented him with a Merit Award in 2007 14 He received several distinguished awards including the Alumni Achievement Award in Basic Science from New York University the Rhoda Benham Award of the Medical Mycological Society of the Americas the Kass Lecture from the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the ASM Founders Distinguished Service Award from the American Society for Microbiology 15 16 In 2001 Casadevall received the Samuel M Rosen outstanding teacher award and in 2008 he was recognized the American Society for Microbiology with the William Hinton Award for outstanding contributions toward fostering the research training of underrepresented minorities in microbiology 5 14 ASM also notes that Casadevall was the first Hispanic Department Chair at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and has provided exemplary training and mentoring to a significant number of minority scientists and himself served as a role model of success 5 He has served as President of the Medical Mycology Society of America Chair of American Society for Microbiology Division F Chair of the American Society for Microbiology Career Development Committee and Co Chair of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Board of Scientific Counselors and currently serves on the Scientific Council of the Pasteur Institute 17 He is a member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation American College of Physicians and the Association of American Physicians and was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Microbiology 5 In 2014 he became an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine and in 2017 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 18 In 2022 he was elected to National Academy of Sciences 2 Research EditBridging the fields of microbiology and immunology Casadevall s research is focused on fungal and bacterial pathogenesis and basic immunology of antibody structure function He has defined much of what is known about fungal pathogenesis and how fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans evade the host immune response 19 Fungal infections are particularly dangerous in immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy making this work highly significant With his collaborator Dr Ekaterina Kate Dadachova he pioneered the use of radioimmunotherapeutic strategies for the control of systemic fungal and other infections During the course of his studies he noted that certain fungi were radioresistant and worked to develop novel therapeutic strategies for a variety of human diseases including melanoma and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis He holds several active patents on these approaches Casadevall has a long record of outstanding scholarly and leadership contributions His lab has studied host microbe interactions with Cryptococcus neoformans Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Bacillus anthracis with a focus on microbial pathogenesis and mechanisms of antibody action His lab established that humoral immunity could protect against intracellular pathogens demonstrated that Cryptococcus neoformans was a facultative intracellular pathogen and suggested that virulence in environmental fungi was selected by amoeba predators a hypothesis dubbed accidental virulence 20 Jointly with British biologist Robin May 21 his group were the first to observe non lytic expulsion or vomocytosis of intracellular fungi 22 Subsequently with Kirsten Nielsen 23 at the University of Minnesota he characterized the ability of cryptococci to form giant or titan cells in vivo 24 unusually large cells that help drive persistent infections His lab continues to work on fungal and bacterial pathogenesis Together with Liise anne Pirofski he proposed the Damage Response Framework of microbial pathogenesis a new synthesis that shifted the emphasis away from focusing on microbes as pathogens commensals opportunists to the outcome of host pathogen interactions 25 26 27 28 The damage response framework was the first theory of microbial pathogenesis to incorporate the contributions of both the host and the pathogen and refocused attention into the outcome of the interaction From the view of the damage response framework there are no pathogens commensals symbionts etc but only microbes and their hosts which interact to produce the states of pathogenesis commensalism symbiosis indifference etc 29 In addition Casadevall in collaboration with Dr Ferric C Fang has been constructive shaping the nations approach to science scientific misconduct 30 31 and promotion of women and underrepresented minorities 32 33 Among his own trainees nearly half are members of underrepresented minority groups and more than half are women 14 With a focus on American Society for Microbiology events Casadevall has been active in creating gender balance among speakers at conferences 34 35 Along these lines he stated When you have an underrepresentation of women as speakers and many panel discussions made up only of male researchers you re sending the message that perhaps the field is not welcoming to women That isn t the message we want to send 36 His research on scientific misconduct has focused on fraudulent results published in journals and the subsequent rates of retraction 37 In addition his views on and analysis of topics ranging from problems with the funding pipeline to the rise in retractions in journals to the complex ethics of dual use research are widely sought by premier journals 38 and media outlets 39 In response to the COVID 19 pandemic Casadevall investigated the use of antibody containing blood serum from patients who have recovered from the virus as a measure to help until a COVID 19 vaccine becomes available 40 These antibodies are produced as part of the body s natural immune response and bind to and neutralize the virus A transfusion of blood containing these antibodies boosts the immunity of newly infected patients or people at risk of contracting the disease 41 Such infusions have been successfully implemented in past outbreaks such as the SARS Epidemic 1918 Flu Pandemic and an outbreak of measles in 1934 42 43 Publications EditHe has published more than 746 papers and 33 book chapters largely in the fields of immunology and microbiology genetics and molecular biology biochemistry and medicine and more recently scientific culture and competition Casadevall has more than 46 000 citations in Google Scholar and an h index of 113 44 Books2011 Cryptococcus from human pathogen to model yeast with co editors J Heitman T R Kozel KJ Kwon Chung and JR Perfect ASM Press 1998 Cryptococcus neoformans with co author John R Perfect ASM Press Highly Cited Articles 44 2020 with Liise anne Pirofski The convalescent sera option for containing COVID 19 in The Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 130 nº 4 1545 1548 2015 with Lisa Brown Julie M Wolf Rafael Prados Rosales Through the wall extracellular vesicles in Gram positive bacteria mycobacteria and fungi in Nature Reviews Microbiology Vol 13 nº 10 620 630 2012 with JM Bardeen JR Bond and N Kaiser Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol 109 nº 42 17028 17033 2003 with Joshua D Nosanchuk The contribution of melanin to microbial pathogenesis in Cellular Microbiology Vol 5 nº 4 203 223 2002 with John R Perfect Cryptococcosis in Infectious disease clinics of North America Vol 16 nº 4 837 874 2001 with JN Steenbergen and HA Shuman Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic strategy in macrophages in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol 98 nº 26 15245 15250 2000 with Gary M Cox Jean Mukherjee Garry T Cole and John R Perfect Urease as a virulence factor in experimental cryptococcosis in Infection and Immunity Vol 68 nº 2 443 448 1999 with Sarah P Franzot and Ira F Salkin Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates in Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol 37 nº 3 838 840 1999 with Liise anne Pirofski Host pathogen interactions redefining the basic concepts of virulence and pathogenicity in Infection and Immunity Vol 67 nº 8 3703 3713 References Edit Brooks Kelly Johns Hopkins names four new Bloomberg Distinguished Professors JHU Hub Baltimore 30 March 2015 Retrieved on 5 August 2015 a b 2022 NAS Election a b Akst Daniel The case for general excellence strategy business Retrieved 2022 10 07 a b mBio Professional Profile Archived from the original on 2011 10 02 Retrieved 2015 08 05 a b c d e f ASM Arturo Casadevall M D Ph D Archived from the original on 2016 02 22 Retrieved 2015 08 05 Members NCFS Department of Justice www justice gov 2014 08 27 Retrieved 2018 05 22 Michael R Bloomberg commits 350 million to Johns Hopkins for transformational academic initiative 2013 01 26 Anderson Nick Bloomberg pledges 350 million to Johns Hopkins University The Washington Post Washington D C 23 January 2013 Retrieved on 12 March 2015 Barbaro Michael 1 1 Billion in Thanks From Bloomberg to Johns Hopkins The New York Times New York 26 January 2013 Retrieved on 1 March 2015 Michael R Bloomberg Commits 350 Million to Johns Hopkins for Transformational Academic Initiative 2013 Arturo Casadevall Faculty Page Retrieved 2015 08 05 a b Brooks Kelly Johns Hopkins names four new Bloomberg Distinguished Professors JHU Hub Baltimore 30 March 2015 Retrieved on 27 July 2015 Epstein David DavidEpstein 27 March 2020 I profiled Arturo Casadevall in the last chapter of Range which is why I m not so surprised that his interest in history has spawned an international collaboration Tweet Archived from the original on 10 October 2022 via Twitter a b c American Society for Microbiology honors Arturo Casadevall Retrieved 2015 08 10 Speaker Profile Arturo Casadevall PDF Retrieved 2015 08 10 Arturo Casadevall M D M S Ph D Professor of Medicine Johns Hopkins Medicine Retrieved 2021 05 03 The E newsletter of Einstein s MI Department Summer 2013 Editors Teresa DiLorenzo Arturo Casadevall PDF Retrieved 2015 08 05 NAM Meet the Class of 2014 Retrieved 2015 08 05 NIH Record Casadevall Speaks on Origins of Microbial Virulence Retrieved 2015 08 10 Casadevall Arturo Heitman Joseph Kozel Thomas R Kwon Chung Kyung J Perfect John R eds 2011 Cryptococcus from human pathogen to model yeast 1st ed ISBN 978 1555815011 Ma H Croudace JE Lammas DA May RC 7 November 2006 Expulsion of live pathogenic yeast by macrophages Current Biology 16 21 2156 60 doi 10 1016 j cub 2006 09 032 PMID 17084701 Alvarez M Casadevall A 7 November 2006 Phagosome extrusion and host cell survival after Cryptococcus neoformans phagocytosis by macrophages Current Biology 16 21 2161 5 doi 10 1016 j cub 2006 09 061 PMID 17084702 Okagaki LH Strain AK Nielsen JN Charlier C Baltes NJ Chretien F Heitman J Dromer F Nielsen K 17 June 2010 Cryptococcal cell morphology affects host cell interactions and pathogenicity PLOS Pathogens 6 6 e1000953 doi 10 1371 journal ppat 1000953 PMC 2887476 PMID 20585559 Zaragoza O Garcia Rodas R Nosanchuk JD Cuenca Estrella M Rodriguez Tudela JL Casadevall A 17 June 2010 Fungal cell gigantism during mammalian infection PLOS Pathogens 6 6 e1000945 doi 10 1371 journal ppat 1000945 PMC 2887474 PMID 20585557 Casadevall Arturo Pirofski Liise anne 2003 The damage response framework of microbial pathogenesis Nature Reviews Microbiology Macmillan Publishers Limited 1 1 17 24 doi 10 1038 nrmicro732 PMC 7097162 PMID 15040176 Casadevall Arturo Pirofski Liise anne 2000 Host Pathogen Interactions The basic concepts of microbial commensalism colonization infection and disease Infection and Immunity American Society for Microbiology 68 12 6511 6518 doi 10 1128 IAI 68 12 6511 6518 2000 PMC 97744 PMID 11083759 Casadevall Arturo Pirofski Liise anne 1999 Host pathogen interactions redefining the basic concepts of virulence and pathogenicity Infection and Immunity American Society for Microbiology 67 8 3703 3713 doi 10 1128 IAI 67 8 3703 3713 1999 PMC 96643 PMID 10417127 Casadevall Arturo Pirofski Liise anne 2001 Host pathogen interactions the attributes of virulence The Journal of Infectious Diseases Oxford University Press 184 3 337 344 doi 10 1086 322044 PMID 11443560 Pirofski Liise anne Casadevall Arturo 2012 Q and A What is a pathogen A question that begs the point BMC Biology BioMed Central 10 6 6 doi 10 1186 1741 7007 10 6 PMC 3269390 PMID 22293325 Fang Ferric C Casadevall Arturo 2013 Why We Cheat Scientific American 24 2 30 37 doi 10 1038 scientificamericanmind0513 30 Retrieved 2015 08 10 Relman David A Osterholm Michael T Keim Paul Imperiale Michael J Enquist Lynn Casadevall Arturo 2014 02 28 mBio Redaction of Sensitive Data in the Publication of Dual Use Research of Concern mBio 5 1 e00991 13 doi 10 1128 mBio 00991 13 PMC 3884058 PMID 24381302 Science Careers Countering gender bias at conferences 2015 07 29 Retrieved 2015 08 10 International Science Times Gender Gap Among Scientists Could Be Fixed By Having More Women Organize Conferences Archived from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2015 08 10 Casadevall Arturo Handelsman Jo 2014 The Presence of Female Conveners Correlates with a Higher Proportion of Female Speakers at Scientific Symposia mBio 5 1 e00846 13 doi 10 1128 mBio 00846 13 PMC 3884059 PMID 24399856 Striking a Gender Balance Among Speakers at Scientific Conferences Retrieved 2015 08 10 Simple steps can lead to gender balance among speakers at scientific conferences 2015 08 06 Retrieved 2015 08 10 ASCB Interview with Arturo Casadevall on Scientific Misconduct Archived from the original on 2015 09 23 Retrieved 2015 08 10 Casadevall A Dermody TS Imperiale MJ Sandri Goldin RM Shenk T 2014 On the Need for a National Board To Assess Dual Use Research of Concern J Virol 88 12 6535 7 doi 10 1128 JVI 00875 14 PMC 4054389 PMID 24696484 Imperiale M J Casadevall A 2015 PLOS Medicine A New Synthesis for Dual Use Research of Concern PLOS Medicine 12 4 e1001813 doi 10 1371 journal pmed 1001813 PMC 4397073 PMID 25874461 Casadevall Arturo Pirofski Liise anne 2020 03 13 The convalescent sera option for containing COVID 19 The Journal of Clinical Investigation 130 4 1545 1548 doi 10 1172 JCI138003 ISSN 0021 9738 PMC 7108922 PMID 32167489 Aspril Joshua Infectious Disease Experts Recommend Using Antibodies from COVID 19 Survivors as Stopgap Measure to Treat Patients and Protect Healthcare Workers Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Retrieved 2020 03 18 Pearce Katie 2020 03 13 Antibodies from COVID 19 survivors could be used to treat patients protect those at risk The Hub Retrieved 2020 03 18 Casadevall Arturo 2020 02 27 Opinion How a Boy s Blood Stopped an Outbreak Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved 2020 03 18 a b Google Scholar Author Arturo Casadevall Google Scholar 4 August 2015 Retrieved on 4 August 2015 External links EditmBio Founding Editor in Chief Faculty Webpage Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in the Research of Health and Medicine Johns Hopkins News Letter coverage of the Osler Medical Symposium Pubmed citations Arturo Casadevall publications indexed by Google Scholar Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arturo Casadevall amp oldid 1175724223, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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