The Artuklu Palace or Artukid Palace or Artuqid Palace (Turkish: Artuklu Sarayı) was the seat of the Diyarbakır branch of the Artuqid dynasty, a TurkishBeylik that ruled eastern Anatolia and Al-Jazira in the 12th and 13th centuries. The palace was situated in the present-day İçkale neighborhood, inside the Diyarbakır City Walls. Built during the reign of Nasir al-Din Mahmud (Turkish: Salih Nasreddin Muhammed) (1200–1222) and partially excavated in the 1960s, the main body of the palace is today still buried under a mound.
This palace was also where, as his father before him, the groundbreaking Muslim scholar, inventor, and mechanical engineerAl-Jazari had worked for 30 years and was the place, inspiration and context of many of this inventions and devices. Surrounded by gardens, rich in amenities as well as in decorative and artistic elements (such as statues, with a number of scholars defining a period of less strict observance of ban on human representation in the early centuries of Islam) and also in eccentricities, itself perhaps inspired by a tradition dating back to the Umayyad palace of Khirbat al-Mafjar in Jericho, the palaces of the Artukids provided models for the Mameluks later. There are further Artukid palatial residences in Mardin, Hasankeyf and Palu whose remains stand, but this one in Diyarbakır is usually referred to as the "Palace" of the sons of Artuk. The palace was used as a prison in the beginning of the Ottoman rule (16th century) until it fell into decay and gradually disappeared under the present-day Virantepe mound.
Partial excavations on the palace site were carried out in 1961 under the direction of the art historian and Ottoman archaeologist Oktay Aslanapa [tr] Important ruins found during the excavation, such as part of the palace garden and the clear outlines of the architectural system of Turkish baths were not conserved and disappeared over time.[1] The vestiges were also externally studied of recent date using computer technologies.[2]
Door knockers, often cast in bronze, had a symbolic significance across eastern Anatolia and were part of a thematic program that was prominent in the region especially during the 12th – 13th centuries. The tradition, although evolved, survives to this day in such centers as Kemaliye. Along with the door in its entirety, they were also a distinctive feature of the palace in Diyarbakır.
Door knocker from the Great Mosque of Cizre, similar to the now-lost door knockers at the Artuklu Palace in Diyarbakır.
The door knockers of Artuklu Palace, which united the figures of a double dragon, a lion and a snake, are known, along with the whole structure of the four-meter-high (13 ft) door where they were attached, through the descriptions made by the designer al-Jazari in his manuscript and the drawings within,[3] as well as on the basis of similarities that can be established with the door and the double-dragon figured door-knockers of the Great Mosque of Cizre, built 1155–60 by the Atabegs of Mosul, with Kubadabad Palacetiles and with the dragons in relief in Susuz Han caravanserai near Burdur. The embracing dragons of Cizre Mosque door knockers are on display today in İstanbul's Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts (Ibrahim Pasha Palace). Another similar knocker, also with dragons, is exhibited in Berlin's Museum of Islamic Art and was, according to early literature, bought in Tbilisi on behalf of Berlin Museums in 1912. However, later publications claim that it originated from south-east Anatolia/North Mesopotamia and smuggled through Tbilisi. The similar dragon figures with the knotted bodies like those on the door-knockers are also seen on some coins of the Artuqids of Hısn Keyfa (Hasankeyf). An imaginative drawing of Artuklu Palace door was made by Michael Meinecke on the basis of Al-Jazari's sketch and the cited similar works.
Al-Jazari's 1206-dated manuscript of "Al-Jami Bain Al-Ilm Wal-Amal Al-Nafi Fi Sinat'at Al-Hiyal" (The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices), also includes such other artifacts conceived specially for the Artuklu Palace as clocks, human and animal-shaped toys, automatic jug and pools, water equipment, alarm clock and protractor.
References
^. Turkish Daily News. Archived from the original on 2006-05-09. Retrieved 2001-04-15.
^Ayteş, Ayhan (2004). "Designing the New Memory Space for Cultural Heritage". In Longson, Tony; ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (eds.). ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Educators Program: Los Angeles (California), August 8-12, 2004. [New York]: ACM. doi:10.1145/1186107.1186145. ISBN1-58113-896-2. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
^Al-Jazari praises his door knocker as "a real masterpiece, a real pearl" and the door of the palace in the following words: "... then I made the rings as they embraced each other and their heads were turned to each other for each wings of the door. Their mouth is open as if they want to catch the lion's head and neck. The lion's head and neck is the extension of the iron nail that was nailed to the door. The teeth of the snake are in two holes in the lion's neck and the ring moves on them. Its center is formed by the motifs…in the cage style that is made of the flat rods which have finger-like thickness and thicker than them."
Sources
Dr. Z. Kenan Bilici. "Bronze door-knockers of Cizre Great Mosque: A New Example". Transoxiana:Journal Libre de Estudios Orientales, Boris Ilich Marshak Festschrift. Retrieved 2001-04-15.
MEINECKE, Michael (1989), "Islamische Drachentüren-Zu Einer Neuer werbung des Museums für Islamische Kunst", Museums Journal 3, IV (1989), pp. 54–58.
Oktay Aslanapa (1991). Anadolu'da ilk Türk mimarisi: Başlangıcı ve gelişmesi (Early Turkish architecture in Anatolia: Beginnings and development) (in Turkish). AKM Publications, Ankara. ISBN975-16-0264-5.
. ArchNet. Archived from the original on 2006-02-08.
"Khirbat al Mafjar Umayyad Palace in Jericho". www.islamicarchitecture.org.
Michael Meinecke (1996). Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture: Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists. New York University Press. ISBN0-8147-5492-9.
January 20, 2023
artuklu, palace, artukid, palace, artuqid, palace, turkish, artuklu, sarayı, seat, diyarbakır, branch, artuqid, dynasty, turkish, beylik, that, ruled, eastern, anatolia, jazira, 12th, 13th, centuries, palace, situated, present, içkale, neighborhood, inside, di. The Artuklu Palace or Artukid Palace or Artuqid Palace Turkish Artuklu Sarayi was the seat of the Diyarbakir branch of the Artuqid dynasty a Turkish Beylik that ruled eastern Anatolia and Al Jazira in the 12th and 13th centuries The palace was situated in the present day Ickale neighborhood inside the Diyarbakir City Walls Built during the reign of Nasir al Din Mahmud Turkish Salih Nasreddin Muhammed 1200 1222 and partially excavated in the 1960s the main body of the palace is today still buried under a mound Artuklu PalaceGeneral informationTypePalaceLocationDiyarbakir TurkeyCoordinates37 54 59 N 40 14 30 E 37 91629 N 40 24170 E 37 91629 40 24170Construction startedearly 13th centuryClientArtuqid rulersOwnerTurkish stateThis palace was also where as his father before him the groundbreaking Muslim scholar inventor and mechanical engineer Al Jazari had worked for 30 years and was the place inspiration and context of many of this inventions and devices Surrounded by gardens rich in amenities as well as in decorative and artistic elements such as statues with a number of scholars defining a period of less strict observance of ban on human representation in the early centuries of Islam and also in eccentricities itself perhaps inspired by a tradition dating back to the Umayyad palace of Khirbat al Mafjar in Jericho the palaces of the Artukids provided models for the Mameluks later There are further Artukid palatial residences in Mardin Hasankeyf and Palu whose remains stand but this one in Diyarbakir is usually referred to as the Palace of the sons of Artuk The palace was used as a prison in the beginning of the Ottoman rule 16th century until it fell into decay and gradually disappeared under the present day Virantepe mound Partial excavations on the palace site were carried out in 1961 under the direction of the art historian and Ottoman archaeologist Oktay Aslanapa tr Important ruins found during the excavation such as part of the palace garden and the clear outlines of the architectural system of Turkish baths were not conserved and disappeared over time 1 The vestiges were also externally studied of recent date using computer technologies 2 Contents 1 The door and door knockers 2 References 3 Sources 4 BooksThe door and door knockers EditDoor knockers often cast in bronze had a symbolic significance across eastern Anatolia and were part of a thematic program that was prominent in the region especially during the 12th 13th centuries The tradition although evolved survives to this day in such centers as Kemaliye Along with the door in its entirety they were also a distinctive feature of the palace in Diyarbakir Door knocker from the Great Mosque of Cizre similar to the now lost door knockers at the Artuklu Palace in Diyarbakir The door knockers of Artuklu Palace which united the figures of a double dragon a lion and a snake are known along with the whole structure of the four meter high 13 ft door where they were attached through the descriptions made by the designer al Jazari in his manuscript and the drawings within 3 as well as on the basis of similarities that can be established with the door and the double dragon figured door knockers of the Great Mosque of Cizre built 1155 60 by the Atabegs of Mosul with Kubadabad Palace tiles and with the dragons in relief in Susuz Han caravanserai near Burdur The embracing dragons of Cizre Mosque door knockers are on display today in Istanbul s Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts Ibrahim Pasha Palace Another similar knocker also with dragons is exhibited in Berlin s Museum of Islamic Art and was according to early literature bought in Tbilisi on behalf of Berlin Museums in 1912 However later publications claim that it originated from south east Anatolia North Mesopotamia and smuggled through Tbilisi The similar dragon figures with the knotted bodies like those on the door knockers are also seen on some coins of the Artuqids of Hisn Keyfa Hasankeyf An imaginative drawing of Artuklu Palace door was made by Michael Meinecke on the basis of Al Jazari s sketch and the cited similar works Al Jazari s 1206 dated manuscript of Al Jami Bain Al Ilm Wal Amal Al Nafi Fi Sinat at Al Hiyal The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices also includes such other artifacts conceived specially for the Artuklu Palace as clocks human and animal shaped toys automatic jug and pools water equipment alarm clock and protractor References Edit Oktay Aslanapa Turkish Daily News Archived from the original on 2006 05 09 Retrieved 2001 04 15 Aytes Ayhan 2004 Designing the New Memory Space for Cultural Heritage In Longson Tony ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques eds ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Educators Program Los Angeles California August 8 12 2004 New York ACM doi 10 1145 1186107 1186145 ISBN 1 58113 896 2 Retrieved 7 November 2010 Al Jazari praises his door knocker as a real masterpiece a real pearl and the door of the palace in the following words then I made the rings as they embraced each other and their heads were turned to each other for each wings of the door Their mouth is open as if they want to catch the lion s head and neck The lion s head and neck is the extension of the iron nail that was nailed to the door The teeth of the snake are in two holes in the lion s neck and the ring moves on them Its center is formed by the motifs in the cage style that is made of the flat rods which have finger like thickness and thicker than them Sources EditDr Z Kenan Bilici Bronze door knockers of Cizre Great Mosque A New Example Transoxiana Journal Libre de Estudios Orientales Boris Ilich Marshak Festschrift Retrieved 2001 04 15 MEINECKE Michael 1989 Islamische Drachenturen Zu Einer Neuer werbung des Museums fur Islamische Kunst Museums Journal 3 IV 1989 pp 54 58 Book cover Oktay Aslanapa 1991 Anadolu da ilk Turk mimarisi Baslangici ve gelismesi Early Turkish architecture in Anatolia Beginnings and development in Turkish AKM Publications Ankara ISBN 975 16 0264 5 Citadel City Walls and Gates of Diyarbakir ArchNet Archived from the original on 2006 02 08 Khirbat al Mafjar Umayyad Palace in Jericho www islamicarchitecture org Books EditJane Turner 1996 The dictionary of art University of Michigan Grove ISBN 1 884446 00 0 Michael Meinecke 1996 Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists New York University Press ISBN 0 8147 5492 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Artuklu Palace amp oldid 1007705708, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
