This article is about languages that naturally emerge in computer simulations or controlled psychological experiments with humans. For planned or constructed human languages, see constructed language. For formal computer languages, see formal language. For the band, see Artificial Language.
Artificial languages are languages of a typically very limited size which emerge either in computer simulations between artificial agents, robot interactions or controlled psychological experiments with humans. They are different from both constructed languages and formal languages in that they have not been consciously devised by an individual or group but are the result of (distributed) conventionalisation processes, much like natural languages. Opposed to the idea of a central designer, the field of artificial language evolution in which artificial languages are studied can be regarded as a sub-part of the more general cultural evolution studies.
The idea of creation of artificial language arose in 17th and 18th century as a result of gradually decreasing international role of Latin.[1] The initial schemes were mainly aimed at the development of a rational language free from inconsistence of living language and based on classification of concepts. The material of living languages also appears later.
Motivationedit
The lack of empirical evidence in the field of evolutionary linguistics has led many researchers to adopt computer simulations as a means to investigate the ways in which artificial agents can self-organize languages with natural-like properties.[2] This research is based on the hypothesis that natural language is a complex adaptive system that emerges through interactions between individuals and continues to evolve in order to remain adapted to the needs and capabilities of its users. By explicitly building all assumptions into computer simulations, this strand of research strives to experimentally investigate the dynamics underlying language change as well as questions regarding the origin of language under controlled conditions.
Due to its success the paradigm has also been extended to investigate the emergence of new languages in psychological experiments with humans,[3] leading up to the new paradigm of experimental semiotics.[4]
Because the focus of the investigations lies on the conventionalisation dynamics and higher-level properties of the resulting languages rather than specific details of the conventions, artificially evolved languages are typically not documented or re-used outside the single experiment trial or simulation run in which they emerge. In fact, the limited size and short-lived nature of artificial languages are probably the only things that sets them apart from natural languages, since all languages are artificial insofar as they are conventional (see also constructed language).
Usesedit
Artificial languages have been used in research in developmental psycholinguistics. Because researchers have a great deal of control over artificial languages, they have used these languages in statistical language acquisition studies, in which it can be helpful to control the linguistic patterns heard by infants.[5]
^Maat, Jaap. "Philosophical Languages in the Seventeenth Century: Dalgarno, Wilkins, Leibniz." PhD diss., Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1999
^ Steels, Luc (2006). How To Do Experiments in Artificial Language Evolution and Why. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference EVOLANG6. World Scientific Publishing Co. pp. 323–332. doi:10.1142/9789812774262_0041.
^Scott-Phillips, Thomas C; Kirby, Simon (2010). "Language evolution in the laboratory". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 14 (9): 411–417. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.06.006. PMID 20675183. S2CID 24136426.
^Galantucci, Bruno (April 2009). "Experimental Semiotics: A New Approach for Studying Communication as a Form of Joint Action". Topics in Cognitive Science. 1 (2): 393–410. doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01027.x. PMC4503356. PMID 25164941.
^Hay, J. F.; Pelucchi, B.; Estes, K. G.; Saffran, J. R. (2011). "Linking sounds to meanings: Infant statistical learning in a natural language". Cognitive Psychology. 63 (2): 93–106. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2011.06.002. PMC3143199. PMID 21762650.
External linksedit
Look up artificial language in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Alan Reed Libert, Artificial Languages, Oxford Research Encyclopedia on Linguistics, June 2018
January 01, 1970
artificial, language, this, article, about, languages, that, naturally, emerge, computer, simulations, controlled, psychological, experiments, with, humans, planned, constructed, human, languages, constructed, language, formal, computer, languages, formal, lan. This article is about languages that naturally emerge in computer simulations or controlled psychological experiments with humans For planned or constructed human languages see constructed language For formal computer languages see formal language For the band see Artificial Language Artificial languages are languages of a typically very limited size which emerge either in computer simulations between artificial agents robot interactions or controlled psychological experiments with humans They are different from both constructed languages and formal languages in that they have not been consciously devised by an individual or group but are the result of distributed conventionalisation processes much like natural languages Opposed to the idea of a central designer the field of artificial language evolution in which artificial languages are studied can be regarded as a sub part of the more general cultural evolution studies Contents 1 Origin 2 Motivation 3 Uses 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksOrigin editThe idea of creation of artificial language arose in 17th and 18th century as a result of gradually decreasing international role of Latin 1 The initial schemes were mainly aimed at the development of a rational language free from inconsistence of living language and based on classification of concepts The material of living languages also appears later Motivation editThe lack of empirical evidence in the field of evolutionary linguistics has led many researchers to adopt computer simulations as a means to investigate the ways in which artificial agents can self organize languages with natural like properties 2 This research is based on the hypothesis that natural language is a complex adaptive system that emerges through interactions between individuals and continues to evolve in order to remain adapted to the needs and capabilities of its users By explicitly building all assumptions into computer simulations this strand of research strives to experimentally investigate the dynamics underlying language change as well as questions regarding the origin of language under controlled conditions Due to its success the paradigm has also been extended to investigate the emergence of new languages in psychological experiments with humans 3 leading up to the new paradigm of experimental semiotics 4 Because the focus of the investigations lies on the conventionalisation dynamics and higher level properties of the resulting languages rather than specific details of the conventions artificially evolved languages are typically not documented or re used outside the single experiment trial or simulation run in which they emerge In fact the limited size and short lived nature of artificial languages are probably the only things that sets them apart from natural languages since all languages are artificial insofar as they are conventional see also constructed language Uses editArtificial languages have been used in research in developmental psycholinguistics Because researchers have a great deal of control over artificial languages they have used these languages in statistical language acquisition studies in which it can be helpful to control the linguistic patterns heard by infants 5 See also editEvolutionary linguistics Language game Language creation in artificial intelligence Signaling gameReferences edit Maat Jaap Philosophical Languages in the Seventeenth Century Dalgarno Wilkins Leibniz PhD diss Institute for Logic Language and Computation University of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1999 Steels Luc 2006 How To Do Experiments in Artificial Language Evolution and Why Proceedings of the 6th International Conference EVOLANG6 World Scientific Publishing Co pp 323 332 doi 10 1142 9789812774262 0041 Scott Phillips Thomas C Kirby Simon 2010 Language evolution in the laboratory Trends in Cognitive Sciences 14 9 411 417 doi 10 1016 j tics 2010 06 006 PMID 20675183 S2CID 24136426 Galantucci Bruno April 2009 Experimental Semiotics A New Approach for Studying Communication as a Form of Joint Action Topics in Cognitive Science 1 2 393 410 doi 10 1111 j 1756 8765 2009 01027 x PMC 4503356 PMID 25164941 Hay J F Pelucchi B Estes K G Saffran J R 2011 Linking sounds to meanings Infant statistical learning in a natural language Cognitive Psychology 63 2 93 106 doi 10 1016 j cogpsych 2011 06 002 PMC 3143199 PMID 21762650 External links edit nbsp Look up artificial language in Wiktionary the free dictionary Alan Reed Libert Artificial Languages Oxford Research Encyclopedia on Linguistics June 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Artificial language amp oldid 1161679200, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
